PROGESTERONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OF PREGNANT GILTS ON DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FEED CONSUMPTION

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK ◽  
W. M. PALMER ◽  
S. SIMARAKS
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fetal Survival ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Concentration ◽  
Collection Period

Blood serum progesterone (P) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined in 31 Lacombe gilts at a 3- to 4-day interval from 10 to 56 days of pregnancy. They were fed 1.50 (L), 2.25 (M) or 3.00 (H) kg of a 16% protein diet/day and had average daily gains of 0.16 ± 0.02 (SE), 0.36 ± 0.02 and 0.60 ± 0.02 kg/day, respectively. All gilts were slaughtered between 59 and 61 days of pregnancy. The treatments had no effect on the number of corpora lutea (13.9 ± 0.4 CL), number of fetuses (10.8 ± 0.6), fetal survival (78.3 ± 3.7%) or mean fetal weight (122 ± 3 g). The gilts on the H level of feeding had heavier (P < 0.05) ovaries (18.4 ± 0.8 g) than those of the L (15.6 ± 0.7 g) or M (15.6 ± 0.8 g) treatment groups. Serum P concentration declined during the blood collection period (b = −0.12, −0.06 and −0.09 for the L, M and H groups, respectively). Serum P concentrations also were different (P < 0.01) for each treatment group (L, 16.7 ± 0.3; M, 13.8 ± 0.03; and H, 11.8 ± 0.3 ng/mL). The serum LH concentration was greater (P < 0.05) for the M gilts (0.63 ± 0.05 ng/mL) than for the L (0.37 ± 0.04 ng/mL) or H (0.47 ± 0.05 ng/mL) gilts. Significant correlations were observed among the number of fetuses, number of CL, ovarian weight and P for the L gilts, and the number of fetuses and CL for the M gilts. These results suggest that growth rate is a major contributor to differences in blood P and LH concentrations during pregnancy and that the animal adjusts its P and LH production to its specific requirements for the maintenance of pregnancy.

scholarly journals LUTEOLYTIC ACTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS IN SWINE AND THE EFFECTS OF CLOPROSTENOL ON LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTORS AND MEMBRANE STRUCTURE OF PORCINE CORPORA LUTEA

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. BUHR ◽  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
D. L. GRINWICH
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Membrane Ultrastructure

The luteolytic action of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), 15-keto-PGF2α, 15-methyl-PGF2α, and cloprostenol was evaluated in cycling gilts and sows after intramuscular injection on day 13 of the estrous cycle. Only cloprostenol significantly shortened the mean cycle length (18.5 vs. 20.3 d, P < 0.05). Cloprostenol also caused a more rapid decline in serum progesterone concentrations than did the other prostaglandins. Serum concentrations of the prostaglandin metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α (PGFM), showed rapid transitory peaks after PGF2α or 15-keto-PGF2α and a lower, later rise after cloprostenol. A second experiment examined luteal luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors and luteal membrane ultrastructure during the estrous cycle and pregnancy and the effect of cloprostenol on these parameters during the estrous cycle. The number of unoccupied luteal LH receptors, as measured by specific 125I-hCG binding, dropped significantly from mid to late pregnancy and from mid to late cycle. Cloprostenol lowered serum progesterone concentrations but did not affect hCG binding. X-ray diffraction showed no correlation of gel or liquid-crystalline phase lipids in luteal microsomes with the stage of the estrous cycle or pregnancy or cloprostenol treatment. Key words: Swine, luteolysis, estrous cycle, prostaglandins, luteal LH receptors

THE PERSISTENCE OF PROGESTERONE SECRETION IN PREGNANT RATS AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND HYSTERECTOMY: A COMPARISON WITH PSEUDOPREGNANT, DECIDUOMATABEARING PSEUDOPREGNANT, AND LACTATING RATS

1973 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. ROTHCHILD ◽  
R. B. BILLIAR ◽  
I. T. KLINE ◽  
G. PEPE
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Progesterone Secretion

SUMMARY To test the hypothesis of Raj & Moudgal (1970) that luteinizing hormone (LH) is the essential luteotrophin during pregnancy in the rat, pregnant rats were hypophysectomized and hysterectomized on either day 12 or day 15 of pregnancy, and the changes in peripheral serum progesterone level measured. The serum progesterone level remained at approximately the day-12 value for 3 days after hypophysectomy and hysterectomy on day 12, but fell drastically and remained low after the same operation on day 15, or in pseudopregnant rats operated on on day 12, or after removal of the ovaries from pregnant rats on day 12. Oestrogen treatment increased the serum progesterone level slightly in the pregnant rats after hypophysectomy and hysterectomy, but not after ovariectomy; it had no effect in the pseudopregnant rats, with or without deciduomata, or in lactating rats nursing litters of seven to nine pups. The corpora lutea stopped growing or slowly regressed soon after hypophysectomy—hysterectomy in all except the pregnant rats operated on on day 12 and treated with oestrogen, and in these growth was very slight. The luteal content of progesterone did not change for 3 days after hypophysectomy—hysterectomy on day 12 of pregnancy, and fell slightly thereafter. The metabolic clearance rate of progesterone was not significantly changed by hypophysectomy—hysterectomy. It thus appears that true secretion of progesterone continues in pregnant rats for about 3 days after day 12 in the absence of the pituitary and placentas, but at a much lower rate than that found in intact, or in day-12 hypophysectomized pregnant rats (Pepe & Rothchild, 1972a). The placental luteotrophin thus seems to increase the rate of progesterone secretion in the absence of LH. The results do not seem to fit with the hypothesis that LH is essential for progesterone secretion.

Bilateral maintenance of rabbit corpora lutea by the feto-placental unit

1986 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
R. A. Nowak ◽  
J. S. Klein ◽  
D. M. Pulido ◽  
J. M. Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to determine (1) whether the rabbit feto-placental unit maintains corpora lutea systematically and/or locally and (2) the interrelationships between conceptus number, luteal weight, luteal progesterone concentrations and serum progesterone levels. Thirty-three does were divided into the following treatment groups: (I) bilaterally pregnant, two ovaries; (II) unilaterally pregnant, two ovaries; (III) bilaterally pregnant, one ovary; (IV) unilaterally pregnant, one ovary, contralateral and (V) unilaterally pregnant, one ovary, ipsilateral. Blood samples were obtained from all rabbits on days 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 post coitum. Does were killed on day 21, and the percentage of viable fetuses, fetal weights, and luteal weights recorded. Blood samples and corpora lutea were analysed for progesterone. Serum progesterone levels were similar for all groups until day 9 post coitum. Levels in groups III, IV and V declined significantly between days 9 and 12 following removal of one ovary at day 9. Fetal viability, fetal weights and luteal progesterone concentrations did not differ among any of the groups. Luteal weights did not differ among groups I, III, IV and V, but luteal weights of animals in group II were lower than those of group I (P<0·05). Ratios of viable fetuses to number of corpora lutea ranged from 1:11–10:5. No differences were observed in serum progesterone, luteal weights or luteal progesterone concentrations among animals with two conceptuses and those with seven or more, but serum progesterone levels in does with only one conceptus were lower than those in does with more (P<0·05). These results indicate that the feto-placental unit maintains corpora lutea systemically and that the high rate of pregnancy failure by day 21 in does with only one conceptus is due to the inability of a single conceptus to maintain normal serum progesterone levels even though the corpus luteum weight is not affected. J. Endocr. (1986) 109, 107–110

EFFECTS OF A COLD ENVIRONMENT AND GROWTH RATE ON REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN GILTS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Fetal Survival ◽  
Moderate Growth

The effects of a cold environment and growth rate on reproductive efficiency at 60 days of pregnancy were studied in 96 Lacombe gilts. On each of two consecutive years, four Lacombe boars were assigned to 48 gilts for a 42-day breeding period commencing 6 December. The animals were individually housed in a heated piggery (10–15 C) and in outside lots with a wooden cabin for shelter (mean maximum −12 C, mean minimum −22 C). The gilts were fed at a level to provide for minimum growth (0.03 kg/day) and moderate growth (0.36 kg/day). Gilts housed in the piggery were fed 1.5 and 3.0 kg/day, whereas the gilts housed outside had their feed consumption increased by a maximum of 1 kg/day to maintain similar growth rates. The cold environment had no effect on ovulation rate (12.9), fetal survival (71%), fetal weight (106 g), uterine weight (1,486 g) and ovarian weight (14.4 g) as measured at 60 days of pregnancy. The mean weight of the corpora lutea was greater for gilts housed in the outside lots (498 vs. 459 g). Gilts with the moderate growth rate had a greater ovulation rate (13.4 vs. 12.3, P < 0.05), lower fetal survival (65.6 vs. 77.7%, P < 0.01), heavier fetuses (112.6 vs. 98.0 g, P < 0.01), heavier uteri (1,556 vs. 1,391 g, P < 0.05), heavier ovaries (15.4 vs. 13.1 g, P < 0.01), and heavier corpora lutea (500 vs. 448 mg, P < 0.01) than the gilts with minimum growth rate. Pregnancy rate, as a percentage of the gilts on the experiment that became pregnant, was similar for the two winter environments (piggery, 77.1%; outside lots, 72.9%). Pregnancy rate was greater for the gilts with the moderate growth rate (85.4 vs. 64.6%, P < 0.05).

Interactions between large and small luteal cells collected during the mid- or late-luteal stages of the bovine oestrous cycle

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vecchio RP Del ◽  
JK Thibodeaux ◽  
R Saatman ◽  
W Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Progesterone Production

The effects of contact between large and small bovine luteal cells together with those of luteinizing hormone (LH) or arachidonic acid (AA) on progesterone production during the oestrous cycle were investigated. Corpora lutea were collected during the mid-luteal stage (Days 10-12; n = 4) and late-luteal stage (Days 17-18; n = 4) of the oestrous cycle. Large and small luteal cells were dispersed and separated and then incubated together or separately. Mid-luteal stage cells were treated with LH (0 or 5 ng) whereas late-luteal stage cells were treated with LH (0 or 5 ng) or AA (0 or 10 microM). Culture medium was collected and replaced 1, 3 and 6 h after starting treatments. Progesterone production decreased (P < 0.0001) with increased incubation time irrespective of cell arrangement, the stage of the oestrous cycle or treatment. During the 18 h before treatment, cells in the contact arrangement produced more progesterone (P < 0.003) than cells without contact in both mid- and late-luteal stages of the oestrous cycle; progesterone production within cell arrangements between prospective treatment groups was similar. After initiating treatments, mid-luteal stage cells in the control group without contact produced more progesterone (P < 0.01) than cells with contact. Mid-luteal stage cells treated with LH produced more (P < 0.0001) than control cells; progesterone production between cell arrangements within the LH treatment group was similar. In the late-luteal stage cells, both LH and AA increased (P < 0.01) progesterone production by comparison with control cells; LH and AA treatment groups produced similar results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of supplemental vitamin E during prepubertal development and early gestation on reproductive performance and nutrient metabolism in gilts

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-603
Author(s):  
R. R. Grandhi ◽  
M. W. Smith ◽  
M. Frigg ◽  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Fetal Survival ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin

The effect of feeding barley–canola-meal diets with supplemental vitamin E (dl-α-tocopherol acetate) at 0, 50 or 100 mg kg−1 on selected reproductive functions and nutrient absorption and retention was determined using Landrace × Yorkshire gilts. In exp. 1 (n = 150), gilts were fed three gestation diets, containing by analysis 23.5, 55.7 and 113.5 mg kg−1 of vitamin E respectively in diets 1, 2 and 3, from first estrus until approximately 33 or 65 d of gestation. Gilts fed diet 2 had a higher (P = 0.02) number of corpora lutea (13.8 ± 0.5 vs. 12.0 ± 0.5) at 65 d of gestation than the gilts fed diet 1. In exp. 2, gilts (n = 159) were fed three finisher diets, containing by analysis 17.6, 87.8 and 126.5 mg kg−1 of vitamin E, during prepubertal development period (59.2 ± 0.4 to 86.7 ± 0.8 kg body weight) and then switched (n = 150) to three gestation diets, containing 16.4, 54.2 and 103 mg kg−1 of vitamin E, until 58.7 ± 0.7 d of the gestation period. Gilts fed diet 3 had 16% lower (P < 0.05) anestrus than the gilts fed diet 1. The ovulation rate, number of live embryos and fetal survival were not influenced (P > 0.05) by supplemental vitamin E. The serum level of α-tocopherol was linearly increased (P < 0.01) by feeding supplemental vitamin E in both experiments. Feeding supplemental vitamin E had no consistent beneficial effect on serum progesterone or on the apparent absorption and retention of selected nutrients during the prepubertal and gestation periods. The results indicated that feeding supplemental vitamin E at above 1988 NAS–NRC recommended levels during prepubertal development and early gestation only slightly improved certain reproductive traits in gilts. Key words: Gilts, vitamin E, ovulation rate, fetal survival, metabolism

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN THE INCIDENCE OF OESTRUS, OVULATION AND PLASMA LUTEINIZING HORMONE CONCENTRATION IN THE SHEEP

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. LAND ◽  
J. PELLETIER ◽  
J. THIMONIER ◽  
P. MAULÉON
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Concentration

SUMMARY Seasonal variation in the ovulation rate and incidence of ovulation was examined in 15 Romanov and 15 Solognote ewes by endoscopy. The ovulation rate of the Romanovs was found to be related to the incidence of ovulation (r = 0·78) and to the incidence of oestrus as measured by daily teasing with aproned entire rams (r = 0·83). The ovulation rate of the Romanovs was greater than that of the Solognotes, and was 2·6 and 1·1 corpora lutea in the two breeds, respectively, in the autumn. The durations of the breeding season and of oestrus of the Romanovs exceeded those of the Solognotes. The characteristics of the preovulatory discharge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and the daily plasma LH levels were studied by radioimmunoassay in the Romanov and Solognote ewes and in ewes of the Berrichon and Berrichon × Romanov breeds. The interval between the onset of oestrus and the discharge of LH was greater in the Romanovs (17·6 h) than in the other breeds (mean = 7·5 h). The total release of LH, however, was not related to the number of corpora lutea formed.

Effects of season, GnRH administration and lupin supplementation on the ovarian and endocrine responses of merino ewes treated with PMSG and FSH-P to induce superovulation

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
HN Jabbour ◽  
JP Ryan ◽  
G Evans ◽  
WM Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) 24 h after sponge withdrawal did not affect the numbers of corpora lutea (CL) or persistent large follicles (LF) in ewes superovulated with 400 I.U. pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and 12 mg follicle stimulating hormone in spring (11.6 +/- 0.9 v. 13.0 +/- 0.9 CL and 0.8 +/- 0.9 v. 0.9 +/- 0.3 LF, for +GnRH and -GnRH ewes, respectively). However, it did increase the ovulatory response of ewes superovulated in autumn (15.8 +/- 1.2 v. 11.8 +/- 1.1 CL). The incidence of ewes with prematurely regressed CL was also greater in autumn than in spring (21/89 v. 5/88). Supplementary feeding with lupin grain in autumn had no effect on numbers of CL but did increase the incidence of ewes with LF (18/48 v. 7/46) and caused a marked reduction in the incidence of ewes with regressed CL (1/44 v. 20/45). For ewes treated in autumn, there were no effects of lupin supplementation or GnRH administration on peak oestradiol-17 beta (E2) or peak luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. However, when peak E2 concentrations in the plasma were adjusted for numbers of preovulatory follicles, higher concentrations were observed for ewes in the +lupin/-GnRH group (12.4 +/- 2.9 pg mL-1) than in other treatment groups (range 4.3 +/- 0.4 to 5.7 +/- 0.3 pg mL-1). Moreover, the time of the LH peak was advanced by both lupin supplementation and GnRH treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

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