PERFORMANCE OF SELF-FED PIGS, FROM TWO BREED POPULATIONS DIFFERING IN GROWTH RATE, FROM 18 TO 90 kg LIVEWEIGHT WHEN FINISHER DIETS CONTAINED 0 OR 2.2 ppm BAMBERMYCINS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Finisher Diets

Seventy-two Lacombe and 72 Yorkshire pigs were separately assigned, at 18-kg average liveweight, to three replicates, each consising of three pens containing eight male castrates, eight gilts or four of each sex. A 16% protein, barley-wheat-soybean meal, diet was fed ad libitum until the pen weight averaged 34 kg. Subsequently, the eight pigs were divided between two adjacent pens and received a 14.5% protein, barley-soybean meal, diet supplemented with 0 or 2.2 ppm bambermycins (Flavomycin) up to 90-kg market weight. Growth rate in the Lacombe population was faster (P < 0.01) in both the growing (730 g/day) and finishing (906 g/day) periods than in the Yorkshires (547 and 767 g/day, respectively). Daily feed intakes were higher (P < 0.01) for the Lacombes (1727 and 3174 vs. 1392 and 2659 g/day, respectively) but gain:feed ratios and carcass measurements were similar in both breeds. Differences between castrates and gilts, for performance and carcass data, were relatively greater in the Yorkshires and appeared to be a result of the breed differences in feed intake. Results from mixed-sex pens were within the range of values obtained from unisex pens. Inclusion of bambermycins did not affect (P > 0.05) live performance or carcass measurements of pigs in either population, perhaps because the experimental conditions allowed a level of growth, in unsupplemented pigs, superior to those typical of commercial production. Key words: Market pigs, sex differences, live performance, carcass measurements, bambermycins, feed intake

scholarly journals RAW SOYBEANS IN SWINE GROWING–FINISHING RATIONS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Young
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Supplemental Protein ◽  
Finisher Diets

Two trials involving a total of 120 Yorkshire SPF swine were conducted to evaluate the effect on live performance and carcass characteristics of replacing supplemental protein from 44% soybean meal (SM) with that from raw ground soybeans (RGS). Levels of 10.80, 16.45 and 22.15% RGS in the grower diets caused slower growth rates and reduced feed efficiency compared with those of pigs that did not receive RGS in their diets (P < 0.05). Although the results were not as consistent as in the grower phase, levels of 11.25 and 15.15% RGS in the finisher diets caused slower growth rate. Pelleting of a diet containing 3.65% RGS resulted in improved feed efficiency compared with that of the same diet unpelleted, when fed in the grower phase (P < 0.05). The area of the loin eye muscle tended to become smaller as the level of RGS in the diet increased. Treatment had no consistent effect on the other measures of carcass quality studied.

A NUTRITIONAL COMPARISON OF VARIOUS RAPESEED AND MUSTARD SEED SOLVENT-EXTRACTED MEALS OF DIFFERENT GLUCOSINOLATE COMPOSITION

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
C. G. YOUNGS ◽  
R. K. DOWNEY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Regression Methods

Seven solvent-processed meals from Brassica napus, B. campestris and B. juncea seed, were compared with soybean meal in a replicated factorial experiment involving three levels of meal (5, 10 and 20%), with and without a flavoring mixture, with and without dietary myrosinase, in a feeding trial with male weanling mice. The addition of 0.3% myrosinase improved the digestibility of both protein and energy fractions, but resulted in growth depression in diets containing meals high, in glucosinolates and fed at 10 or 20% levels. Removal of feed intake differences by regression methods revealed that non-hydrolyzed glucosinolates in diets containing 10% Brassica meals had little effect on growth rate, except for one B. napus meal high in 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolate. Diets containing glucosinolates giving rise to allyl- and butenyl isothiocyanates, as well as oxazolidinethione, inhibit growth; therefore, total glucosinolate content should be considered in assessing the nutritional value of Brassica meals.

Diets containing high-quality animal proteins increase growth of early-weaned pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
D. K. Kerton ◽  
P. J. Eason ◽  
T. Moyes ◽  
J. R. Pluske
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Freeze Dried

A production experiment was conducted with 96 fourteen-day-old weaned male piglets to compare diets containing preparations of freeze-dried porcine plasma (P) and freeze-dried bovine colostrum (C) for 35 days after weaning. These diets were compared with a diet consisting of soybean meal (SP) and a diet with animal protein sources (AP). All diets contained varying proportions of bloodmeal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal, and skim milk powder. The levels of colostrum and porcine plasma were reduced from 60 g/kg to 25 g/kg after the first week of weaning. There were no effects of diet on performance in the first 4 days after weaning. However, between 18 and 21 days of age, pigs fed the SP diet ate less (P < 0.001) and grew slower (P = 0.002) than pigs fed diets containing AP, C, or P. In the second week after weaning, pigs fed diets with C and P showed a tendency to perform better (P�=�0.11) than those fed AP or SP. By 35 days of age, pigs fed diets containing colostrum and plasma were, on average, 6% heavier (P = 0.037) than pigs fed the AP and SP diets. The effects of dietary protein on voluntary feed intake were most pronounced up to 28 days of age in pigs fed the SP diet. There appeared little benefit of feeding C and P to early-weaned pigs over feeding a predominantly animal protein diet, although daily gain was 6% less (P�= 0.47). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in feed intake and growth rate between 28 and 35 days of age, and feed conversion efficiency was not altered by dietary protein source. Under these experimental conditions the use of bovine colostrum and a combination of animal protein sources was comparable with using freeze-dried porcine plasma in diets for early-weaned pigs. Inclusion of soybean meal in diets, however, resulted in inferior performance.

COMPARISON OF FABA BEANS (VICIA FABA) WITH SOYBEAN MEAL OR FIELD PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM) AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS IN BARLEY DIETS FOR GROWING–FINISHING PIGS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Faba Beans

Forty-eight Yorkshire pigs were fed, ad libitum, 18% protein diets which contained 0, 7.5, 15 and 30% faba beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Ackerperle), over the growth period from 25 to 90 kg liveweight. An additional 16 pigs were similarly fed diets containing 15% faba beans or 15% field peas (Pisum sativum L. cv. Trapper). In experiment I, replacement of soybean meal (44% protein) by faba beans as the protein supplement resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) linear reduction in growth rate, from 784 g to 727 g/day, and a linear improvement in Carcass Value Index, from 103.5 to 106.5. The latter effect appeared to be a result of a reduction in backfat thickness rather than an increase in areas of lean tissue. Feed to gain ratio of pigs fed the 7.5% faba bean diet (3.30 kg feed/kg gain) was significantly (P < 0.05) better than all other levels examined. In experiment II, significant differences in live performance and in carcass characteristics of pigs fed faba beans or field peas were not detected. Calculation of the replacement value of faba beans, in relation to barley and soybean meal prices, confirmed the conclusions from other studies which suggested that the greatest benefit is obtained when faba beans constitute part but not all of the supplementary protein in diets for growing–finishing pigs.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DIET AND SEX-TYPE (BOAR, CASTRATE OR GILT) ON LIVE AND CARCASS MEASUREMENTS OF SELF-FED PIGS FROM TWO BREED LINES DIFFERING IN GROWTH RATES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
J. H. STRAIN
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Rates Of Growth

A pair of boar, castrate and gilt littermates were obtained from 12 litters in each of two breed (Lacombe, Yorkshire) lines which differed in growth rate. The 18 progeny from three litters of the same breed were assigned to three adjacent pens, each housing six pigs of the same sex-type. Subsequently, from 9 wk of age to 89 kg market weight, pigs representing six of the litters from each line received a Test Station diet (16.3% protein and 12.48 MJ metabolizable energy/kg; calculated contents) ad libitum while the other 72 pigs were similarly fed a lower nutrient density diet (16.1% and 11.71 MJ, respectively). As expected, average rates of growth and feed intake were higher for pigs from the Lacombe line (793 g and 2330 g/day, respectively, vs. 646 g and 1900 g/day). The dietary treatments influenced these criteria in the Lacombe pigs (P < 0.08 and P < 0.01, respectively) but not in the Yorkshire pigs. In contrast, the significant (P < 0.05) effects of diet on carcass measurements were more evident in pigs from the Yorkshire line. In both lines, live performance was affected (P < 0.05) by sex-type and boars were consistently leaner than castrates, but the superiority of gilts over castrates with respect to estimates of carcass lean content was limited to the Yorkshire pigs. The lack of significant differences between Lacombe castrate and gilt carcasses could be attributed to the relative responses of the sex-types to higher levels of feed intake. Further confirmation of the difference in these responses could have implications with respect to the choice of diet and sex-type in pig testing systems used to identify replacement breeding stock. Key words: Pigs, feed intake, sex effects, growth, carcass

Breed differences in response of wool growth to annual nutritional and climatic cycles

1966 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Breed Differences

Nine Cheviot and nine ¾ Merino, ¼ Cheviot sheep were fed at similar annual maintenance levels. The annual ration was provided in three ways–in simulation of the ‘natural’ intake cycle, the reversed intake cycle or as a constant daily ration. Liveweight curves for both breeds corresponded fairly closely with the feed intake curves but considerable genotype/environment interaction was found in the response of unscoured wool growth to variation in feed intake.After an extended period of adjustment, the between sheep variation in intake, in the Merino group, was reflected in variation in wool-growth rate at all times. In the Cheviot group, intake and wool growth were related in summer but not in winter. It is suggested that not only is the efficiency of wool growth subject to genetic control but that the modification of efficiency in response to variation in environmentally controlled metabolic processes is also a function of the genetic background.

scholarly journals LED Illumination Spectrum Manipulation for Increasing the Yield of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Md Momtazur Rahman ◽  
Mikhail Vasiliev ◽  
Kamal Alameh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
White Led ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Optimal Illumination

Manipulation of the LED illumination spectrum can enhance plant growth rate and development in grow tents. We report on the identification of the illumination spectrum required to significantly enhance the growth rate of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants in grow tent environments by controlling the LED wavebands illuminating the plants. Since the optimal illumination spectrum depends on the plant type, this work focuses on identifying the illumination spectrum that achieves significant basil biomass improvement compared to improvements reported in prior studies. To be able to optimize the illumination spectrum, several steps must be achieved, namely, understanding plant biology, conducting several trial-and-error experiments, iteratively refining experimental conditions, and undertaking accurate statistical analyses. In this study, basil plants are grown in three grow tents with three LED illumination treatments, namely, only white LED illumination (denoted W*), the combination of red (R) and blue (B) LED illumination (denoted BR*) (relative red (R) and blue (B) intensities are 84% and 16%, respectively) and a combination of red (R), blue (B) and far-red (F) LED illumination (denoted BRF*) (relative red (R), blue (B) and far-red (F) intensities are 79%, 11%, and 10%, respectively). The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was set at 155 µmol m−2 s−1 for all illumination treatments, and the photoperiod was 20 h per day. Experimental results show that a combination of blue (B), red (R), and far-red (F) LED illumination leads to a one-fold increase in the yield of a sweet basil plant in comparison with only white LED illumination (W*). On the other hand, the use of blue (B) and red (R) LED illumination results in a half-fold increase in plant yield. Understanding the effects of LED illumination spectrum on the growth of plant sweet basil plants through basic horticulture research enables farmers to significantly improve their production yield, thus food security and profitability.

A note on growth curves of rabbit lines selected on growth rate or litter size

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blasco ◽  
E. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Using Data

Two synthetic lines of rabbits were used in the experiment. Line V, selected on litter size, and line R, selected on growth rate. Ninety-six animals were randomly collected from 48 litters, taking a male and a female each time. Richards and Gompertz growth curves were fitted. Sexual dimorphism appeared in the line V but not in the R. Values for b and k were similar in all curves. Maximum growth rate took place in weeks 7 to 8. A break due to weaning could be observed in weeks 4 to 5. Although there is a remarkable similarity of the values of all the parameters using data from the first 20 weeks only, the higher standard errors on adult weight would make 30 weeks the preferable time to take data for live-weight growth curves.

scholarly journals Effects of Preventive Acupuncture and Moxibustion on Fat Accumulation, Blood Lipid, and UterusE2of Menopause Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Peng Zhu ◽  
Yu-wei He ◽  
Huan Chen ◽  
Zhi-Fang Sun ◽  
Na Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Young Control ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Acupuncture And Moxibustion ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Sd Rats

Objective. To observe the effect of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion on blood lipid of menopause rats.Methods. Seventy 10-month-old SD rats with estrous cycle disorders were divided into three control groups and four treatment groups (n=10/group) and another ten 3.5-month-old female SD rats were chosen as young control group. Preventive acupuncture and moxibustion were applied at Guanyuan (CV 4). Body weight growth rate has been recorded. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and uterusE2level were measured.Results. Compared to young control group, plasma TC and LDL increased and uterusE2reduced significantly in 12-month-old control group. Compared to 12-month-old control group, plasma TC and LDL level and body weight growth rate decreased while HDL level increased remarkably in preventive acupuncture 12-month-old group. Compared to 14-month-old control group, plasma TC level and body weight growth rate decreased remarkably in preventive moxibustion 14-month-old group.Conclusions. Preventive acupuncture and moxibustion can significantly decrease the plasma TG and LDL, increase the plasma HDL, and prevent fat accumulation. Our finding suggests that preventive acupuncture and moxibustion have beneficial effects on blood lipid. Different treatment effects were found between preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion.

scholarly journals Effect of growth rate on live performance, carcass and green thigh traits of finishing Italian heavy pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Gallo ◽  
Mirco Dalla Bona ◽  
Alessio Cecchinato ◽  
Stefano Schiavon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Performance
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document