scholarly journals Thin stillage from wheat-based ethanol production as a nutrient supplement for cattle grazing crested wheatgrass pastures

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Ojowi ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
A. F. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Thin Stillage ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Nutrient Supplement ◽  
Weight Gains

An 84-d trial was conducted to evaluate the use of thin stillage from wheat based ethanol production as a nutrient supplement for cattle grazing crested wheatgrass. Forty medium-frame steers were allotted to eight CWG pastures (5 pasture−1) and supplied with either water or thin stillage as a fluid source. Measurements included daily intake of fluid, biweekly weight gains, start and end of test ultrasonic backfat measurements, and blood plasma samples on days 42, 56, and 70 of the trial. Samples of thin stillage and biweekly clippings of the CWG pastures were collected throughout the trial for analysis. Thin stillage averaged 8.4 ± 0.35, 48.5 ± 1.83, 9.6 ± 1.63, 34.5 ± 4.55, and 3.4 ± 0.44% (DM basis) CP, EE, NDF and ADF, respectively. Cattle with access to thin stillage exhibited superior (P < 0.05) weight gains from day 42 through day 84 of the trial. Cumulative weight gains were 1.39 ± 0.14 and 0.91 ± 0.27 kg d−1, respectively, for the thin stillage and water fed cattle (P < 0.05), an increase of 53%. Fluid intake of the cattle on stillage was 48.2 ± 2.7 L d−1 or 67% greater (P < 0.05) than that for animals on water (28.9 ± 1.53 L d−1). Daily DM intake from thin stillage estimated from fluid intake was 4.1 kg. The superior liveweight gain of cattle fed thin stillage was reflected in higher (P < 0.05) backfat levels at the end of test (2.51 vs. 0.6 mm) and higher (P < 0.05) plasma urea, Mg, and P levels. The results of this study indicate that thin stillage from wheat-based ethanol production is a valuable nutrient source for cattle grazing CWG. Key words: Thin stillage, wheat, crested wheatgrass

THE INFLUENCE OF THE AMOUNT OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY IN THE RATION OF REPLACEMENT EWE LAMBS ON BODY WEIGHT GAINS AND WOOL PRODUCTION

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Whiting ◽  
S. B. Slen ◽  
L. M. Bezeau
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Weight Gains

Three experiments were carried out with replacement ewe lambs to determine the influence of feeding rations containing three levels of protein, each at two levels of digestible energy. The three levels of protein were approximately 8, 9.5, and 11 per cent in the first two experiments, and 6, 9, and 12 per cent in the third experiment.Increasing the amount of protein in the ration resulted in an increase (p <.05) in the apparent digestibility of the protein, but no change in the percentage of protein retained or in the digestibility of the dry matter and gross energy. Increasing the digestible energy content of the ration by substituting corn starch for wheat straw or oat hulls reduced (p <.05) the digestibility and retention of protein in Experiments 2 and 3, but had no effect in Experiment 1.Body weight gains and wool growth of lambs fed rations containing wheat straw or oat hulls did not increase to so great an extent as those fed corn starch. This would indicate that energy was a limiting factor for maximum production in the lower digestible energy rations. In general, weight gains and wool production increased (p <.05) when the daily intake of D.C.P. was increased from approximately 0.10 to 0.13 pounds. Increasing the D.C.P. from 0.13 to 0.16 pounds (0.19 in Experiment 3) caused no further increase in body gains but increased (p <.05) wool production.On the basis of these results, the average D.C.P. requirements of a ewe lamb weighing 85 pounds and consuming 1.3 pounds T.D.N. was 0.13 pounds (0.16 pounds when wool production was considered).

An Equation for Calculating Postdialysis Plasma Sodium

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 354-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lopot ◽  
J. Bláha ◽  
A. Válek
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Interdialytic Weight Gain

Well defined dry weight is a must for adequate UF control during haemodialysis (HD). However, interdialytic weight gain (ΔBW) must not be excessive. ΔBW is closely related to interdialytic thirst which in turn is strongly influenced by postdialysis plasma sodium (CPNapost), but little is known about the desired CpNapost. The points below serve as a basis for establishing this value. a) Thirst is mediated by osmoreceptors. b) A strong correlation has been found between ΔBW and intradialytic increase in plasma sodium but no such correlation exists with the interdialytic increase in plasma urea. This indicates that fluid intake between dialyses depends solely on electrolytes. c) Pre-dialysis plasma sodium in an individual is stable, indicating that the patient is at his “set value” of electrolyte osmolality. d) Half of the potassium removed during HD comes from the extra- and half from the intracellular space. Assuming that it is desirable not to disturb a patient's predialysis osmotic steady state, it can be calculated that the desired CPNapost should be higher than the predialysis value by half of the intradialytic plasma potassium drop, i.e., approx. CPNapost = CPNapre + 1 to 2 mmol/l.

Suitability of anaerobic digestion effluent as process water for corn fuel ethanol fermentation

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1894-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Jian-Hua Zhang ◽  
Pei Liu ◽  
Zhong-Gui Mao
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Corn Ethanol ◽  
Thin Stillage

A corn fuel ethanol plant integrated with anaerobic digestion treatment of thin stillage increases the net energy balance. Furthermore, the anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) can be reused as a potential substitute for process water in the ethanol fermentation. In this study, the suitability of ADE as process water for corn ethanol fermentation was investigated by analyzing the potential inhibitory components in the ADE. It was found that ammonium influenced the growth and metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Maximum ethanol production was obtained when the concentration of ammonium nitrogen was 200 mg/L, and ammonium could replace urea as the nitrogen source for S. cerevisiae under this concentration. In the ethanol fermentation with a higher concentration of ammonium, more glycerol was produced, thereby resulting in the decrease of ethanol production. In addition, components except ammonium in the ADE caused no inhibition to ethanol production. These results suggest that ADE could be reused as process water for corn ethanol fermentation without negative effect when ammonium concentration is well controlled.

scholarly journals Crested Wheatgrass Vigor as Affected by Black Grass Bug and Cattle Grazing

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. James Ansley ◽  
C. M. McKell
Keyword(s):  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass

scholarly journals Formulation of Broiler Chicken Feeds Using Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles

Fermentation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Rochell
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Thin Stillage ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Poultry Diets

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a coproduct of corn-based ethanol production that can be a valuable source of energy, digestible amino acids, and available phosphorus in poultry feeds. Dietary incorporation of DDGS reduces the amount of primary ingredients such as corn and soybean meal needed to formulate poultry diets, improving the sustainability of both biofuel and poultry production. The nutritional value of DDGS has been extensively evaluated since it became increasingly available to feed producers in the early 2000s, but evolving methods of ethanol production and coproduct fractionation necessitate its continued characterization. Attempts to relate nutrient utilization of DDGS to its chemical composition have revealed that fiber content is a primary determinant of dietary energy value of DDGS for poultry. Distillers corn oil, which is extracted from thin stillage during production of distillers grains, can also be supplemented into poultry diets as an energy-dense lipid source in place of animal fats or other vegetable-based oils. Poultry feeding practices in the United States are also evolving, including increased adoption of all vegetable-based diets and reduced use of in-feed antimicrobials. Therefore, further characterization of both the nutritional value of DDGS and its impact on gastrointestinal health will support its continued use in poultry diets.

Effects of oats grain supplements on performance, rumen parameters and composition of beef from cattle grazing oats pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Arelovich ◽  
J. Marinissen ◽  
B. A. Gardner ◽  
M. F. Martínez ◽  
R. D. Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content

The impacts of supplementing with whole oats grain (OG) upon performance and beef quality traits of growing steers grazing oats pasture (OP) were measured. The trial used Angus steer calves (203 kg mean bodyweight) assigned to three treatments: Control, unsupplemented OP (CON); OP plus OG fed at 0.25% BW daily (OG1); and OP plus OG fed at 0.50% bodyweight daily (OG2). All steers grazed the same paddock but were removed momentarily once daily so OG could be fed to each steer individually. Daily intake of OG averaged 597 and 1294 g DM for OG1 and OG2, respectively. Steers were slaughtered after grazing for 130 days to determine carcass characteristics and lipid profiles. In parallel with the grazing trial, four ruminally cannulated steers (613 kg mean bodyweight) were allocated to treatments CON and OG2 (n = 2) to monitor ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and NH3-N. Steers fed OG2 had greater (P < 0.01) average daily gain than CON; final liveweight for OG2 steers was significantly higher than both CON and OG1 steers. Although variations in plasma haematocrit and alkaline phosphatase were they did not affect animal performance. Dressing percentage was not affected by the experimental diets but OG2 steers had greater (P < 0.05) marbling scores. Although rib-eye area was numerically greater for OG1 and OG2 than CON steers (8% and 14%), these differences were not significant statistically (P = 0.3493). Intramuscular lipid content of Longissimus dorsi muscle was not significantly increased by OG supplementation but of the intramuscular fatty acids, contributions of vaccenic and α-linolenic acids decreased (P < 0.05). Linoleic acid content was lowest (P < 0.05) for OG1 steers. A no significant decrease in conjugated linoleic acid was detected when more OG was supplemented. No treatment differences in the contributions of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, n-6 or n-3 to intramuscular fatty acids were detected although the n-6 : n-3 resulted numerically higher (11% and 23%) for OG1 and OG2 steers than CON steers. Rumen pH, NH3-N and volatile fatty acids were not significantly altered by OG supplementation. Supplementing diets of cattle grazing OP improved performance without rumen digestion impairs or inducing substantial changes in the lipid profile of intramuscular fat. Thus, OG supplementation would be expected to improve the efficiency of cattle grazing of OP without substantial changes to ruminal measurements or the lipid profile of beef.

scholarly journals Beverage Type and Hydration Parameters in Older Persons Following a Texture-Modified Diet and Living in Long-term Care Residences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose CE Serrano ◽  
Meritxell Martín-Gari ◽  
Jèssica Miranda ◽  
Anna Cassanye ◽  
Mireia Badia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Modified Diet

Abstract Background: Dehydration due to insufficient fluid intake is a common feature in older adults, a situation that is exacerbated in those who follow a texture modified diet. Most studies have been focused on the total amount of fluid intake without taking into consideration hydration capacities from different beverages. This study aimed to evaluate which is the relationship between the intake of different beverage types and their relationship with hydration parameters in older adults. Methods: A prospective observational study in 22 volunteers that followed a texture-modified diet and thickened liquids with a monthly follow-up for 4 months was performed with older people living in long-term care residences. Beverage intake was assessed daily, and hydration parameters were determined at the end of each month. Results: 50% of the volunteers presented an inadequate fluid intake (< 90% of the recommended daily intake of 30 mL/kg of body weight). Gelatine was the preferred hydration drink, providing 54% of the water intake outside the diet, while water and fruit juices constituted approximately 18% of the intake each, and other beverages such as milk and yogurt, the remaining 10%. No correlation was observed between the total amounts of liquids taken during the day with any of the biomarkers of hydration analysed. Contrary, plain water intake inversely correlated with blood levels of sodium (r= -0.25), and Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme (ACE) activity (r= -0.29); while gelatine directly correlated with haematocrit (r= 0.25). Since different beverages were consumed during the day, cluster analysis was performed to determine patterns of beverage intake. Three patterns of beverage intake were identified, mainly high in plain water, high in gelatine, and mixed beverage intake. The pattern with a higher intake of gelatine, as a source of water, reported the worst parameters of hydration. Similarly, it was observed that a pattern with high plain water intake showed higher levels of fluid intake. Conclusions: It was concluded that besides the focus on total fluid intake, an appropriate selection of beverages is another important criterion that should be taken into consideration for hydration in older people.

scholarly journals Potential of thin stillage as a low-cost nutrient source for direct cellulose fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum

AIMS Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumana Islam ◽  
◽  
Charushi Panditharatne ◽  
John Schellenberg ◽  
Richard Sparling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Thermocellum ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thin Stillage ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Cellulose Fermentation
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