IRRIGATED GRASS–LEGUME MIXTURES AS SUMMER PASTURE FOR YEARLING STEERS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Hubbard ◽  
H. H. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Potential Rate

Average annual gains of 748 and 853 lb were made by long-yearling steers on irrigated pastures at Kamloops, B.C., in 1958 to 1960, during grazing seasons of 121 and 131 days’ duration. A comparison was made using three grass–legume mixtures, namely, bromegrass–orchardgrass and ladino clover, bromegrass–orchardgrass and alfalfa, and Reed canary grass – orchardgrass and ladino clover. The feed efficiency based on pounds of dry matter consumed per pound of gain was superior for the bromegrass – orchardgrass – ladino clover mixture. There were no significant differences between daily animal gains on the three mixtures. Neither forage production calculated for TDN nor calculated animal TDN showed satisfactory comparative relationship to beef productivity of the three pasture mixtures.From the data it appears that beef production is limited by the forage potential. Rate of stocking, whereby the forage and animal potentials may be equated, deserve further study.

scholarly journals Controlling dietary cation-anion differences in forages by chloride fertilisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Nesheim ◽  
Olav Martin Synnes ◽  
Arvid Steen ◽  
Anne Langerud ◽  
Anne Kjersti Bakken
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
The Ideal

Rations with low to negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) given to dairy cows before calving reduce the risk of hypocalcaemia (milk fever). Different strategies for increasing forage DCAD were investigated in field trials in Central and Western Norway. Fertilisation with 70, 140 or 210 kg Cl per hectare as calcium chloride and low supply rates of K reduced DCAD in forage harvested at late developmental stages in spring growth of timothy and meadow fescue. The ideal negative DCAD was only attained on soils very low in plant available K. Timing (spring versus late spring) and source of Cl (CaCl2 versus MgCl2) were of no importance for the result. When pure stands of seven grasses were fertilised in spring either without chloride or with 140 kg chloride per hectare, the lowest values of DCAD after chloride fertilisation were found in perennial ryegrass and reed canary grass. By comparison, cocksfoot had equally high or higher Cl concentrations in its tissues, but accumulated more K, and seemed to be poorly suited for low DCAD forage production. It was concluded that Cl fertilisation is a more efficient means of controlling DCAD than sward species composition.

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LONG-TERM MID-SEASON CEREAL GRASS STANDS AT DIFFERENT MODES OF MOWING USE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Canary Grass

The use of the biological potential of self-renewal of the awnless brome and reed canary grass makes it possible to preserve the valuable species composition of long-term (23–25th years of use) mid-season agrocenoses. The productivity of grass stands against the background of the recommended doses of N90-180P20-40K100-150 fertilizers is 8.3–8.4 t/ha dry matter with two cuts and 9.1–9.6 t/ha with three cuts.

Feeding behavior and dry matter digestibility in sheep fed first and second cut reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tokita, ◽  
I. Yoshimura ◽  
T. Tokita
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Female Sheep

We investigated the intake and digestibility of different reed canarygrass (RCG) growth stages by sheep. RCG was cultivated in an experimental field and harvested at the first and second cuts at each pre-blooming stage. Feeding behavior was monitored on adult female sheep, fed 3 kg each of fresh RCG three times daily. While the crude protein content and dry matter digestibility of RCG were significantly higher in leaf than in stem tissue of both first and second cut in harvesting times, neutral and acid detergent fiber contents were higher in stem than in leaf. The dry matter intake of RCG at the second cut (296.1g) was significantly higher than at the first cut (214.1 g). The eating time for consumption of RCG on dry matter at the second cut (54.9 min) was shorter than at the first cut (69.4 min). Consequently, at the second cut, the rate of biting (54.6 bites/min) was lower than at the first cut (64.8 bites/min). Bite size, expressed as dry matter intake per bite, ranged from 0.05 g at first cut to 0.10 g at second cut.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENT IN DIFFERENT ENERGY CROPS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs ADAMOVICS ◽  
Liena POIŠA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Canary Grass

For energy crops (reed canary grass and timothy grass), it is important to evaluate the sulphur and carbon content, and the harvested dry matter dependency on the fertilizer norm. Sulphur and carbon are important elements of a combustible material, and carbon is directly important as it forms the burning component. On the other hand, sulphur is an unwelcome element in combustible materials as it promotes environmental pollution. The field trials were carried out in sod calcareous soils in 2011–2013. A research was conducted to investigate the chemical content of two grasses: reed canary grass var. ‘Bamse’ (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and timothy grass ‘Jumis’ (Phleum pratense L.). Fertiliser norms (kg ha-1) applied in the research were: N0P0K0 (control), N30, N60, and N90. The harvest yield is one of the most important factors to obtain biocombustible materials; however, it does not mean that the amount of the harvest yield guarantees also a good quality of grasses. The research showed that the trial year had the most significant influence on both the sulphur yield and content in dry matter, the fertiliser norm essentially influenced the sulphur (η=30.1%) and carbon (η=6.5%) yield, but for the sulphur yield, a 6% interaction effect was established between the trial year and the nitrogen fertilizer norm.

NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF FORAGE CROPS ADAPTED TO SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN AS DETERMINED BY THEIR DIGESTIBILITY AND DRY MATTER INTAKE WHEN FED TO SHEEP

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Troelsen ◽  
J. B. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Canary Grass

Hays from stands top-dressed with 150 pounds of ammonium nitrate (33.5 per cent nitrogen) per acre and unfertilized stands of crested wheat-grass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., intermediate wheatgrass, A. intermedium (Host.) Beauv., streambank wheatgrass, A. riparium Scribn. and Smith, and Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch., as well as hay from unfertilized stands of tall wheatgrass, A. elongatum (Host.) B. P., reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea L., and Ladak alfalfa, Medicago media Pers., were fed to 70-pound wethers in digestion stalls in a randomized incomplete-block experiment.Chemical analyses of the hays indicated differences in percentage organic matter, crude protein, and nitrogen-free extract, while feed-feces ratios showed differences in the percentage digestibility of crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, and crude fibre. Despite these results no differences were established in nutritive values as estimated by digestible dry matter, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy or starch equivalents.Calculations demonstrated that the nutrient intake of crested wheatgrass, streambank wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, and Ladak alfalfa were sufficient to provide at least a maintenance ration, but that the voluntary nutrient intake of intermediate wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, and reed canary grass did not do so.Top-dressing did not increase the digestibility nor the apparent palatability of any feed; apparently consumption was determined by species characteristics rather than fertilizer treatment.

Cocksfoot, tall fescue and reed canary grass: Dry matter yield, chemical composition and biomass convertibility to methane

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Butkutė ◽  
N. Lemežienė ◽  
J. Kanapeckas ◽  
K. Navickas ◽  
Z. Dabkevičius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Canary Grass

scholarly journals QUALITY OF HERBAL RAW MATERIALS AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL IN LONG-TERM MID-RIPENING THREE-CUT CEREAL STANDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Natalya Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Brome Grass

The studies were conducted on long-term (1–34th years of use) mid-ripening three-cut agrocenoses. It was found that during irrigation and application of N260P75K220, an increase in the yield of 1 ha compared to non-irrigated grasses when feeding N180P35K160 amounted to 21–23% on the agrocenoses with awnless brome grass and 30–31% with reed canary grass. Consumption of nitrogen by herbs increased by 20–24 (herbage with awnless brome grass) and 27–29% (with reed canary grass), and phosphorus (P2O5) — by 20–25 and 34–35%. The increase in the removal of potassium and calcium during irrigation did not depend on the composition of agrocenoses and amounted to 17–22 (for K2O) and 47–51% (for CaO). With each centner of dry matter is carried out: 2.1–2.2 kg of nitrogen; 2.2–2.4 K2O; 0.6–0.7 P2O5 and 0.6–0.8 kg CaO. Some of these substances are extracted from the grass soil. To maintain the productivity of grass stands at a high level with long-term intensive use of the meadow, the reserves of nutrients available to herbs in the soil are not enough. Multi-cut use of agrocenoses is possible only with the systematic feeding of each subsequent mowing with optimal doses of fertilizers. In the mowing conveyor system, mid-season grass stands allow to extend the harvesting period of high-quality green mass for haylage and silage by 7–10 days in each mowing. The obtained grass raw materials on three-mowing agrocenoses (during irrigation and without irrigation) in terms of the content of crude protein and crude cellulose meet the requirements of GOST in the first mowing on grass stands with awnless brome – the second class, with reed canary grass – of the third class. In the second mowing of all agrocenoses, the raw material mass corresponded to the second class, in the third mowing – to the first class. According to the content of macronutrients (phosphorus, potassium and calcium) in the dry matter of grass raw materials obtained on agrocenoses with awnless brome and reed canary grass during irrigation and natural moisture, the green mass corresponds to zootechnical norms of animal feeding. The use of high-quality bulky feeds prepared from the green mass of the middle link of the raw material conveyor will reduce the consumption of concentrates and mineral additives in the winter diet of animals.

scholarly journals Historical and practical aspects of profitability in commercial beef production systems

2003 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mcrae
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Early Research ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Sheep Production

The numbers of beef animals in New Zealand have increased markedly since 1960. In particular the number of animals (especially bulls) reared within the dairy industry for beef production has grown. Early research into aspects of intensive pasture-based beef production systems concentrated on high levels of pasture utilisation and beef production per ha. Farmers have adapted these results and systems and the carcass weight (CW) of bulls slaughtered now at 15-18 months of age have increased and often are over 300 kg CW. It is shown simplistically that profit/ ha will also increase with increasing CW and increased efficiency in use of feed within 1yr bull beef systems. In practice however, utilising more of the pasture dry matter (DM) grown and maintaining pasture quality are important issues. Two year bull systems are shown to be just as profitable as the more technically efficient 1yr bull system. Where beef production is carried out in conjunction with sheep production, especially on hill country, some commonly used benchmarks of technical and economic efficiency may be misleading with regard to overall system profitability and the contribution of various classes of beef animals. Keywords: beef animals, bulls, economic efficiency, feed efficiency, profitability

scholarly journals Evaluation of reed canary grass for different end-uses and in breeding

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 227-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SAHRAMAA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
End Use

Traditionally reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) has been cultivated for forage, but currently is a new non-food crop in northern Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate reed canary grass germplasm, elite and wild populations, for non-food, forage and seed production. An index composed of different agronomic traits was used to establish the best populations for each end-use. Populations were also ranked according to biomass or seed yield only. Non-food cultivars have not yet been developed, but results from this study suggest that some high biomass forage cultivars could be used in non-food production. However, local populations possessed a desirable combination of traits, including higher proportion of straw associated with high biomass yield. This study indicated that local populations could be used in non-food crop breeding together with elite material. Some evidence for the potential of populations for forage production was also noted, mainly through leaf area and leaf proportion measurements. High non-food or forage indices were associated with good seed production in some populations. Results help in selecting appropriate cultivars for non-food use, which is currently important as the cultivated area of reed canary grass for biofuel in Finland is anticipated to be 75 000 hectares by 2010.;

RESPONSE OF REED CANARY GRASS GROWN ON TEN BRITISH COLUMBIA ORGANIC SOILS TO N, P, K AND LIME

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. van RYSWYK ◽  
W. L. PRINGLE ◽  
J. H. NEUFELD
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Extractable Organic Matter

Samples of 10 Organic soils, 1 with a humic surface layer and 9 with mesic surface layers, but representing a wide range of Humisol and Mesisol soil profiles, all of the euic reaction class, were collected for growth room fertilizer trials and subsampled for chemical analyses. Reed canary grass responded markedly to N, P and K applications on all soils, but to lime only on the humic surface layer which had the lowest extractable-Ca value. Soil-nutrient sufficiencies based on dry matter yields ranged between 6 and 44% for N, between 4 and 24% for P, and between 10 and 17% for K. Sufficiencies based on nutrient uptake ranged between 4 and 31% for N, between 1 and 13% for P, and between 3 and 21% for K. Correlations between N response measurements and degree of soil decomposition, as measured by bulk density, Na4P2O7-extractable organic matter, and water holding capacity, gave the highest significant [Formula: see text] values which averaged 0.86, 0.82 and −0.63, respectively. Linear regression equations show an increasing dependence of dry matter yield on soil bulk density with successive cuts for the treatment that received only P and K fertilizer. Bulk density would therefore be a good indicator for N requirement of Organic soils. Rubbed fibre (volume basis) was also negatively correlated with N response measurements (r = 0.77, [Formula: see text]) when the data for the humic surface layer were omitted and when all cuts were considered. Irreversibly dried granules in this layer adversely affected fibre determinations. Extractable P and K values were correlated positively, though not all were significant, with certain yield response measurements. Since reed canary grass grown on all soils responded to applications of P and K, the extractable P and K values were considered to be in the deficiency range and would serve as a basis for evaluating field situations.

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