METABOLIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH OZONE INJURY OF BEAN LEAVES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. CRAKER ◽  
J. S. STARBUCK
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Oxidant Injury ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Free Amine ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Ozone Stress ◽  
Bean Leaves

Metabolic processes in primary leaves of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were altered by ozone stress. Decreases in levels of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein, and increases in ribonuclease (RNase) and free amine groups were associated with visible oxidant injury to the leaves. It appears that some air pollution injury to plants may result from changes in metabolic processes.

Malathion Absorption, Translocation, and Conversion to Malaoxon in Bean Plants

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali El-Refai ◽  
T L Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Bean Leaves

Abstract Malathion deposits on bean plant leaves, Phaseolus vulgaris, decreased 50% in 2 days under controlled environmental conditions. The decrease was initially more rapid from leaves than from glass surfaces, due to combined evaporation and absorption, but later the cuticular residues became more persistent. Five per cent of the malathion deposit was absorbed within a few minutes after application to bean leaves and declined to 0.4% by 10 days. Malathion degradation products accumulating on both glass and leaf surfaces were similar and included small amounts of malaoxon and an unknown cholinesterase inhibitor. Malathion is not translocated to any great extent in bean plants, but penetrates from the surface into the interior of the leaf and also from a nutrient solution into the root. Small malaoxon residues also accumulated in roots and foliage.

CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT OF SNAP BEAN LEAVES INFLUENCES CHINESE ROSE BEETLE FEEDING.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 629b-629
Author(s):  
S. C. Furutani ◽  
L. H. Arita
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Bean Leaves

Shading studies were conducted on snap bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Hawaiian Wonder, plants to observe the influence of endogenous carbohydrate content of leaves on the feeding activity of the Chinese rose beetle (CRB) Adoretus sinicus Burmeister. Increasing the shade level from 0 to 40 or 80 % shade significantly decreased carbohydrate content of leaves and reduced CRB feeding. The normal distribution of carbohydrates within snap bean plants was altered by foiling the 2 terminal ranks of leaves and exposing the 2 subtending ranks to full sun. The feeding pattern of the CRB was observed to change in accordance to the carbohydrate concentration at each leaf rank. We speculate that carbohydrate concentration within leaves stimulates CRB feeding.

scholarly journals Soil Application of Effective Microorganisms (EM) Maintains Leaf Photosynthetic Efficiency, Increases Seed Yield and Quality Traits of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Grown on Different Substrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Iriti ◽  
Alessio Scarafoni ◽  
Simon Pierce ◽  
Giulia Castorina ◽  
Sara Vitalini
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bean Plants

EM (effective microorganisms) is a biofertilizer consisting of a mixed culture of potentially beneficial microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of EM treatment on leaf in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII), yield, and macronutrient content of bean plants grown on different substrates (nutrient rich substrate vs. nutrient poor sandy soil) in controlled environmental conditions (pot experiment in greenhouse). EM-treated plants maintained optimum leaf photosynthetic efficiency two weeks longer than the control plants, and increased yield independent of substrate. The levels of seed nutritionally-relevant molecules (proteins, lipids, and starch) were only slightly modified, apart from the protein content, which increased in plants grown in sandy soil. Although EM can be considered a promising and environmentally friendly technology for sustainable agriculture, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of EM, as well as its efficacy under open field conditions.

scholarly journals Investigations on the pathogenicity of Helminthosporium sorokinianum Sacc. in relation to Phaseolus vulgaris L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
Barbara Łacicowa ◽  
Zofia Machowicz
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Root System ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Before And After

The results obtained in pot and field experiments have shown that <i>Helminthosporium sorokinianum</i> is able to infect bean plants. The cotyledons and roots of shoots during the first three weeks of growth are attacked the most frequently. Dark brown spots occur on the above-mentined organs. The infection of roots and cotyledonsof shoots is responsible for gangrene both before and after germination. Infected plants which remain alive only show symptoms of infection in the root system. The infection of roots by <i>H. sorokinianum</i> in older plants is detromental to growth and causes a decrease in the vield obtained from bean plants.

Effects of intersowing with beans on the spread of groundnut rosette virus by Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Malawi

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. K. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
High Density ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Field Beans

AbstractIn two trials, at Chitedze, Malawi, in 1966–1967, the spread of rosette virus disease in groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea) intersown with field beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) was less than the spread in groundnut monocultures comprising plant populations equivalent to the number of groundnut plants and to the total number of plants in the intersown crop. In one trial, numbers of early rosette transmissions were related to numbers of alate Aphis craccivora Koch, the vector of the virus, found on groundnut plants. Immigrant alate A. craccivora settling on the intersown crop were trapped by the hooked epidermal hairs of the bean plants and the observed reduction of rosette infection in the intersown crop was attributed to this effect. Inter-sowing with beans is considered less effective than early-sown, high-density monoculture as a method of reducing groundnut rosette infections and yields of groundnuts from inter-sown crops may be lower than those obtained from high-density monoculture.

Studies on phytocides. I. Diurnal variation in effectiveness of 'methoxone'

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
CG Greenham
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Spray Applications ◽  
Chondrilla Juncea

As determined by the length for which roots were killed, there was no diurnal variation in the effectiveness on skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea L.) of spray applications of 'Methoxone' at two-hourly intervals over a period of 24 hours. As determined by reduction in growth above the primary leaves, there was a well-marked diurnal variation in the effectiveness on bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of drop applications of 'Methoxone.'

scholarly journals Investigations on the Effects of Five Different Plant Extracts on the Two-Spotted MiteTetranychus urticaeKoch (Arachnida: Tetranychidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pervin Erdogan ◽  
Aysegul Yildirim ◽  
Betul Sever
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Veratrum Album ◽  
Tanacetum Parthenium ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Economic Pest

Two-spotted mite,Tetranychus urticaeKoch (Arac.: Tetranychidae), is an economic pest worldwide including Turkey, causing serious damage to vegetables, flowers, and fruit crops. In recent years, broad-spectrum insecticides/miticides have been used to control this pest in Turkey. Control is difficult mainly due to resistance to conventional pesticides. This study was conducted to determine efficacy of pesticides extracted from five different plants [i.e.,Allium sativumL. (Amaryllidaceae),Rhododendron luteumS. (Ericaceae),Helichrysum arenariumL. (Asteraceae),Veratrum albumL. (Liliaceae), andTanacetum partheniumL. (Asteraceae)] against this mite. Bioassays were tested by two different methods to determine the effects of varying concentrations. Experiments were performed using 3 cm diameter leaf disk from unsprayed bean plants (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). In addition, the effects of the extracts on reproduction and oviposition were investigated. The extract yielded high mortality. In the lowest-concentration bioassays, the adult mites laid lower numbers of eggs compared to the untreated control. No ovicidal effect was observed.

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