EFFECTS OF MOISTURE STRESS AT EARLY HEADING AND OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THREE SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DUBETZ ◽  
J. B. BOLE
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Four Levels

Three cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown at four levels of N fertilizer in metal lysimeters protected from rain by an automatic rain shelter. A soil water stress of 8 bars was developed in one-half of the lysimeters at the early boot stage. Water stress reduced yield by severely decreasing the number of kernels per spike. Tillering was not affected and kernel weight was increased. Pitic 62 withstood the high stress better than Manitou or Kenhi. N enhanced yield by increasing tillering. Kernel weight was unaffected by N, and the number of kernels per spike was decreased. Pitic, which had a higher number of kernels per spike, outyielded Manitou and Kenhi. The protein content of Manitou was higher than that of the other two cultivars. The cultivars differed in their reaction to soil water stress and N.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN, TEMPERATURE, GROWTH STAGE AND DURATION OF MOISTURE STRESS ON YIELD COMPONENTS AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF MANITOU SPRING WHEAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. R. DAVIDSON ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Boot Stage

Manitou spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown at combinations of three day/night temperatures (27/12 °C, 22/12 °C and 17/12 °C), three levels of fertilizer nitrogen (58, 116 and 174 kg N/ha), and three moisture stresses, nominally −0.3, −15 and −40 bars. All plants were initially grown at −0.3 bars; one moisture treatment was carried through to maturity at this water potential while the remainder were stressed at −15 or −40 bars from either (i) four-tiller, (ii) boot, or (iii) late flowering stage, to maturity. Under the conditions of this experiment, temperature was the most important factor affecting yield and protein, and moisture stress the least important. Yields were equal at 17 and 22 °C, but greater than at 27 °C. Protein was equal at 17 and 22 °C and less than at 27 °C. Yield increased with nitrogen fertility except at the highest temperature or when high moisture stress was applied from the boot stage. Plants grown under high moisture stress through the boot stage (i.e., stressed from tillering or boot) gave yield increases when fertilized with 116 kg N/ha, but 174 kg N/ha depressed yield of plants stressed from boot stage to maturity. Yields of plants stressed from tillering were generally greater than yields of plants stressed from boot stage, indicating that the plant has the ability to adapt to early stress. In contrast to findings in a simulated irrigation study, moisture stress during the boot stage depressed rather than enhanced seed set. Optimal temperature for spikelet development was near 22 °C. The growth stage most critical to the determination of number of seeds developed was boot stage and that for kernel weight was at or after anthesis. The effect of temperature or protein was independent of nitrogen or moisture level. High moisture stress during boot stage increased protein even at the lowest nitrogen level, but stress from late flowering rarely increased protein. The effect of nitrogen on protein was mainly direct while temperature and moisture acted mainly by influencing yield. The direct effect of nitrogen on protein was twice as great as temperature effect and 15 times that of moisture.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation and Soil Water Stress on Densities of Macrophomina phaseolina in Soil and Roots of Two Soybean Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Kendig ◽  
J. C. Rupe ◽  
H. D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Soil Water Stress

The effects of irrigation and soil water stress on Macrophomina phaseolina microsclerotial (MS) densities in the soil and roots of soybean were studied in 1988, 1989, and 1990. Soybean cvs. Davis and Lloyd received irrigation until flowering (TAR2), after flowering (IAR2), full season (FSI), or not at all (NI). Soil water matric potentials at 15- and 30-cm depths were recorded throughout the growing season and used to schedule irrigation. Soil MS densities were determined at the beginning of each season. Root MS densities were determined periodically throughout the growing season. Microsclerotia were present in the roots of irrigated as well as nonirrigated soybean within 6 weeks after planting. By vegetative growth stage V13, these densities reached relatively stable levels in the NI and FSI treatments (2.23 to 2.35 and 1.35 to 1.63 log [microsclerotia per gram of dry root], respectively) through reproductive growth stage R6. After R6, irrigation was discontinued and root densities of microsclerotia increased in all treatments. Initiation (IAR2) or termination (TAR2) of irrigation at R2 resulted in significant changes in root MS densities, with densities reaching levels intermediate between those of FSI and NI treatments. Year to year differences in root colonization reflected differences in soil moisture due to rainfall. The rate of root colonization in response to soil moisture stress decreased with plant age. Root colonization was significantly greater in Davis than Lloyd at R5 and R8. This was reflected in a trend toward higher soil densities of M. phaseolina at planting in plots planted with Davis than in plots planted with Lloyd. Although no charcoal rot symptoms in the plant were observed in this study, these results indicated that water management can limit, but not prevent, colonization of soybean by M. phaseolina, that cultivars differ in colonization, and that these differences may affect soil densities of the fungus.

EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SOIL SUPPLEMENTS AND WATER STRESS ON THE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. BOLE ◽  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

Seven soil supplement products did not affect grain or straw yields, or any of the measured yield components of unstressed wheat or of wheat subjected to an 8-bar soil water stress at early heading. Soil water stress reduced yields by reducing the number of spikes per plant and, to a lesser but significant degree, the number of kernels per spike and the average kernel weight.

REACTION OF BARLEY VARIETIES TO SOIL WATER STRESS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Wells ◽  
S. Dubetz
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Stage Yield ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Varietal differences in reaction to soil water stress of 8 bars were demonstrated in the greenhouse on each of two different soil types. The effects of stress on grain yield and protein content were greater at the early boot stage than at the soft dough stage and they were greater at the soft dough stage than at the onset of tillering or ripening stages. The lower yields of Betzes and Hannchen resulting from stress at the early boot stage were due mainly to a decrease in number of seeds per spike. Protein content of the two varieties was increased by stress at this stage. Yield and protein content of Compana were not appreciably affected. The ratio of water used to grain produced was essentially the same for each variety but was higher on Cavendish than on Lethbridge soil and was directly related to stage of stress.

scholarly journals Potassium Application Positively Modulates Physiological Responses of Cocoa Seedlings to Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Esther Anokye ◽  
Samuel T. Lowor ◽  
Jerome A. Dogbatse ◽  
Francis K. Padi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Soil Water Stress

With increasing frequency and intensity of dry spells in the cocoa production zones of West Africa, strategies for mitigating impact of water stress on cocoa seedling survival are urgently required. We investigated the effects of applied potassium on biomass accumulation, physiological processes and survival of cocoa varieties subjected to water stress in pot experiments in a gauzehouse facility. Four levels of potassium (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/plant as muriate of potash) were used. Soil water stress reduced plant biomass accumulation (shoot and roots), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Leaf phenol and proline contents were increased under water stress. Additionally, compared to the well-watered conditions, soils under water stress treatments had higher contents of exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus at the end of the experimental period. Potassium applied under well-watered conditions reduced leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence and increased leaf electrolyte leakage, but improved the growth and integrity of physiological functions under soil water stress. Potassium addition increased biomass partitioning to roots, improved RWC and leaf membrane stability, and significantly improved cocoa seedling survival under water stress. Under water stress, the variety with the highest seedling mortality accumulated the highest contents of phenol and proline. A significant effect of variety on plant physiological functions was observed. Generally, varieties with PA 7 parentage had higher biomass partitioning to roots and better seedling survival under soil moisture stress. Proportion of biomass partitioned to roots, RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf electrolyte leakage appear to be the most reliable indicators of cocoa seedling tolerance to drought.

scholarly journals AAC Redstar hard red spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew James Burt ◽  
D.G. Humphreys ◽  
J. Mitchell Fetch ◽  
Denis Green ◽  
Thomas Fetch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AAC Redstar is an early maturing, high yielding hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that is well adapted to the northern Canadian Prairies and eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat. Over three years (2016-2018) of testing in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative registration trials, AAC Redstar was 11% higher yielding than AC Splendor, 6% higher than Parata, and 4% higher than Glenn and Carberry. AAC Redstar matured 3 days earlier than Glenn, 2 days earlier than Carberry and had similar maturity to Parata. AAC Redstar was shorter than all checks except Carberry and had better lodging resistance compared to all the check cultivars in the registration trial. The test weight and thousand kernel weight of AAC Redstar were similar to Carberry. The grain protein concentration of AAC Redstar was 0.2% lower than Carberry. AAC Redstar was rated moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stripe rust and common bunt. AAC Redstar had resistant reactions to loose smut, and stem rust. AAC Redstar was registered under the CWRS market class.

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