INFLUENCE OF DATE OF SEEDING ON YIELD AND OTHER AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE GROWN IN SASKATCHEWAN

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Significant Trial ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Optimum Period

Four wheat and two rye cultivars were seeded at 2-wk intervals between 1 Aug. and 15 Oct. in five summer-fallow and two stubble-seeded trials at three locations in the north-central part of the agricultural area of Saskatchewan. Averaged over 3 yr, the optimum dates for planting both winter wheat and rye were between 15 Aug. and 1 Sept. Seeding earlier than this usually resulted in reduced yield and lower 1000-kernel weight. Later seeding usually resulted in a yield reduction, delayed heading, later maturity and reduced hectoliter weight. Reduced height in rye and reduced 1000-kernel weight in wheat were also associated with delayed seeding dates. However, exceptions to these generalizations did occur with the result that a significant trial by date of seeding interaction was recorded for all characters measured. For the optimum period for seeding, rye cultivars were higher yielding, earlier heading and maturing, taller and had lower 1000-kernel and hectoliter weight than winter wheat cultivars.Key words: Winter wheat, winter rye, yield, seeding date, maturity

Estimated optimum seeding dates for winter wheat in Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bootsma ◽  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
W. L. Seaman ◽  
G. J. Hoekstra ◽  
A. E. Smid
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
The North ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Regression Relationship ◽  
Optimum Period

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) must be seeded during an optimum period in the fall to achieve maximum yields. Present recommendations for fall seeding based on corn heat unit zones for Ontario have not been satisfactory in all areas. Results from seeding-date trials at five locations across Ontario confirmed the concept of a 2-wk optimum seeding period (OSP) for winter wheat. A highly significant non-linear regression relationship (R2 = 0.997) was established between the average optimum seeding date (OSD) for six locations in Ontario (taken as the mid-point of the OSP) and the average daily mean air temperature for the period 1 Sept. – 31 Oct. This relationship estimated OSDs more accurately for Ontario than a previously developed relationship based on data from across Canada. Climatic normals (1951–1980) data for more than 350 locations were used to construct 13 OSD zones for Ontario. Estimated OSD ranged from as late as 15 Oct. for the Windsor area to before 21 Aug. in the north around Kapuskasing. Average losses in yield from seeding after the OSP ranged from 75 kg ha−1 day−1 in southwestern Ontario to 40–65 kg ha−1 day−1 in eastern Ontario. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., optimum seeding date zones, climatic normals

DEHARDENING OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE UNDER SPRING FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Changes in cold hardiness (LT50), fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content were measured on crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) taken from the field at weekly intervals in the spring of 1973 and 1974 at Saskatoon, Sask. In all trials, Frontier rye came out of the winter with superior cold hardiness and maintained a higher level of hardiness during most of the dehardening period. For cultivars of both species, rapid dehardening did not occur until the ground temperature at crown depth remained above 5 C for several days. Changes in crown moisture content tended to increase during dehardening. Over this same period crown dry weight increased for winter rye but did not show a consistent pattern of change for winter wheat. Two test sites were utilized in 1974. One site was protected by trees and the other was exposed. General patterns of dehardening were similar for these two sites, but cultivar winter field survival potentials were reflected only by LT50 ratings for the exposed test site. The influence of fall seeding date on spring dehardening was also investigated. Late-seeded wheat plots did not survive the winter in all trials. However, where there was winter survival, no differences in rate of dehardening due to seeding date were observed.

scholarly journals Effects of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus on Yield and Yield Components of Drilled Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Hoffman ◽  
F. L. Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
System Size ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Yield reduction in eight soft red winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) in response to barley yellow dwarf (BYDV) infection was evaluated in drilled plots. The experiment was conducted in 1993 and 1994 at the Crop Sciences Research and Education Center of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Cultivars Caldwell, Cardinal, Clark, Howell, IL 87-2834, Tyler, and Pioneer brands 2548 and 2555 were selected for the study based on root system size, yield potential, and adaptation to local growing conditions. Plots were planted with a six-row drill to approximate conditions in growers' fields. A split-plot treatment design was used, with treatments as whole plots, and cultivars as subplots. The three treatments were BYDV-inoculated, natural BYDV infection, and a control (sprayed with Cygon to control naturally occurring aphids). Significant yield reductions in inoculated plots indicated the potential for severe yield loss due to BYDV infection under drilled conditions. The component of yield most severely affected by virus infection was number of kernels per spike. Kernel weight was affected but to a lesser extent than kernels per spike. Tiller number was generally not altered by infection but was positively correlated with yield in infected plots. Since kernels per spike and kernel weight were reduced by BYDV infection, it may be possible to select for tolerant genotypes by identifying lines in which these parameters are least affected by BYD disease pressure.

Wheat Cultivar Tolerance to AE F130060 03

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Bailey ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Daniel E. Brann ◽  
Carl A. Griffey
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted under weed-free conditions in 2000 and 2001 to investigate the responses of 10 soft red winter wheat cultivars to postemergence applications of the experimental herbicide AE F130060 03 at 15 g ai/ha with the crop safener AE F107892 at 30 g ai/ha. In the greenhouse, AE F130060 03 injured wheat 7 to 12% and reduced height 11 to 14% at 3 wk after treatment (WAT) across all cultivars but did not reduce biomass of any cultivar. In the field, AE F130060 03 injured wheat 11 to 32%, reduced tiller number of all cultivars except ‘Roane’, ‘Coker 9663’, and ‘VA98W-593’, and reduced height of all cultivars except ‘USG 3209’ and VA98W-593 at 3 WAT. By 9 WAT, tiller number and height of treated wheat was similar to that of nontreated wheat. AE F130060 03 did not influence moisture content or kernel weight of any cultivar. However, AE F130060 03 reduced grain yield in ‘FFR 518’, Coker 9663, and VA98W-593 in both years as well as in ‘AgriPro Patton’ in 2001. These yield reductions suggest that further investigation into soft red winter wheat cultivar tolerance to AE F130060 03 is needed.

Cropping systems for the Southern Great Plains of the United States as influenced by federal policy

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon T. Biermacher ◽  
Francis M. Epplin ◽  
Kent R. Keim
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Federal Policy ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Central District ◽  
Fair Act ◽  
The Impact

The majority of cropland in the rain-fed region of the North Central District of Oklahoma in the US is seeded with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and most of it is in continuous wheat production. When annual crops are grown in monocultures, weed species and disease agents may become established and expensive to control. For many years prior to 1996, federal policy provided incentives for District producers to grow wheat and disincentives to diversify. In 1996, the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act (Freedom to Farm Act) was instituted, followed by the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act (FSRIA) in 2002. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of FAIR and FSRIA programs on crop diversity in the North Central District of Oklahoma. The economics of three systems, monoculture continuous winter wheat, continuous soybean (Glycine max) and a soybean–winter wheat–soybean rotation, were compared using cash market prices (CASH), CASH plus the effective loan deficiency payments (a yield-dependent subsidy) of the FAIR Act of 1996, and CASH plus the effective loan deficiency payments of the FSRIA of 2002. We found that the loan deficiency payment structure associated with FAIR provided a non-market incentive that favored soybean. However, under provisions of the 2002 FSRIA, the incentive for soybean was adjusted, resulting in greater expected returns for continuous wheat. Due to erratic weather, soybean may not be a good alternative for the region. Research is needed to identify crops that will fit in a rotation with wheat.

scholarly journals Distribution of Phoma sclerotioides on Alfalfa and Winter Wheat Crops in the North Central United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Larsen ◽  
C. R. Hollingsworth ◽  
J. Flor ◽  
M. R. Dornbusch ◽  
N. L. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
Phoma Sclerotioides ◽  
Brown Root Rot

Brown root rot of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), caused by Phoma sclerotioides, has been reported in several states in the northern United States and in western Canada. A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of the fungus in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Isolates of the pathogen were recovered from roots of alfalfa, winter wheat, and perennial ryegrass plants. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1, 5.8S, and ITS2 of the rDNA of the isolates from alfalfa and wheat were identical and matched the sequences of a P. sclerotioides isolate from Wyoming. The fungus was found to be widespread in both states and was detected in roots of alfalfa plants from 17 counties in Minnesota and 14 counties in Wisconsin using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. A real-time PCR assay was developed that increased sensitivity of detecting the pathogen from plant tissues and soil. The isolates from alfalfa caused disease on inoculated winter wheat plants. Although the fungus was previously found associated with roots of diseased cereal and turfgrass plants, this is the first demonstration of pathogenicity of P. sclerotioides on wheat.

scholarly journals ОЦІНКА ВПЛИВУ МЕТЕОРОЛОГІЧНИХ ФАКТОРІВ НА ВРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ОЗИМИХ КУЛЬТУР В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ЛУГАНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

2012 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
О. Р. Зубов ◽  
Л. Г. Зубова ◽  
Ю. В. Славгородська
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
The North ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Crop Capacity

На прикладі типового аграрного підприємствапівночі Луганської області здійснено комплекснийаналіз кліматичних факторів і продуктивностіаграрних ландшафтів. У результаті дослідженьвизначено математико-статистичні моделі коре-ляційної залежності врожайності озимих культурвід метеорологічних факторів за 36-річний період.Установлено, що для пшениці озимої найбільшвпливовими метеорологічними факторами є кіль-кість опадів червня, вересня і травня; для житаозимого – кількість опадів червня, вересня і квітня. In the article the complex analysis of climate factors andproductivity of agricultural landscapes is carried out at thetypical agricultural enterprise in the north of Lugansk Regionhaving taken as an example. Mathematical and statisticalmodels of correlation dependence of crop capacity for wintercrops upon weather factors for the 36-year period are defined asa result of the investigations. The most influential weatherfactors for winter wheat are determined to be the quantity ofprecipitation in June, September and May; for winter rye – thequantity of precipitation in June, September and April.

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