INTERACTIONS ENTRE LES TEMPERATURES RACINAIRES ET NOCTURNES SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT FOLIAIRE ET LA CAPACITE PHOTOSYNTHETIQUE DE PLANTS DE TOMATE CV. VENDOR

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
MARC-J. TRUDEL
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Capacité Photosynthétique

Six-week-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Vendor’) were maintained at five root temperatures (12, 18, 24, 30 or 36 °C) and five night air temperatures (8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 °C) for a period of 4 wk. Increase in root temperature partly offset the negative effects of low night air temperature on leaf dry weight and leaf area. Our results showed that higher root temperatures (30 °C) are required at low night air temperature (8 °C) for optimum plant growth. Lower rates of plant photosynthesis at low root and/or night air temperatures resulted mainly from reduced leaf growth and expansion, but also from a decrease in the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves. Our results suggest combining split-night temperature and soil warming techniques to improve the productivity of tomato plants and to reduce greenhouse heating costs.Key words: Tomato substrate, temperature, photosynthesis, growth

scholarly journals Responses of young cucumber plants to root and shoot temperatures.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
A. Kleinendorst ◽  
B.W. Veen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Young cucumber plants were grown at all combinations of three shoot and three root temperatures (12, 18 and 24 degrees C). Growth and development of vegetative parts and fruits were studied after a temperature treatment of 14 days or 28 days. Shoot temperature has a positive effect on the rate of leaf development, while the rate of leaf initiation is influenced to a minor degree. There is only a small effect of root temperature on the rate of leaf appearance. The number of fruits is increased with increasing shoot and root temperature, the shoot temperature being more important than the root temperature. The total fruit fresh weight also increases with increasing shoot temperature; at 24 degrees C shoot temperature, the fruit weight shows an optimum at 18 degrees C root temperature. Distribution of dry matter is also dependent on root temperature and to a greater extent on shoot temperature. A shoot temperature of 18 degrees C is optimal for root growth, while 24 degrees C shoot or root temperature is sub-optimal for shoot growth. Increase in shoot temperature has a stronger positive effect on stem growth than on leaf dry weight. The relative effect of root temperature on stem growth equals that on leaf growth. Growth analysis shows that increase in relative growth rate at higher shoot and root temperatures under low light conditions is achieved by increasing the specific leaf area. This adaptation to changes in shoot or root temperature occurs within 14 days. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: Cucumber plants (cvs Farbio and Sandra, both F1 hybrids) were grown at 12, 18 and 24 deg C shoot and root temperatures in all combinations. The number of fruits was increased with increasing shoot and root temperature, the shoot temperature being the more important. Total fruit fresh weight also increased with rising shoot temperature. At 24 deg shoot temperature, however, fruit weight was optimum with 18 deg root temperature. Also, at 24 deg shoot temperature, the lower the root temperature the more fruits were present at a given leaf number. A shoot temperature of 18 deg was optimal for root growth but 24 deg shoot or root temperature was still suboptimal for shoot growth. An increase in shoot temperature had a stronger positive effect on stem growth than on leaf dry weight. The relative effect of root temperature on stem growth was equal to that on leaf growth. Growth analysis showed that leaves became thinner at higher temperatures. This adaptation to changes in shoot or root temperature occurred within 14 days. Cvs showing the highest specific leaf area at the desired temperature seem to be the best qualified to give the optimal relative growth rate at the low light intensities prevailing in early spring. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals GROWTH RESPONSE OF SNAPDRAGON ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS TO NIGHT AIR TEMPERATURES AND ELEVATED ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1160b-1160
Author(s):  
Khin San Wai ◽  
S.E. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Zone Temperature

The response of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) cultivars (`Tampicoi' and `Rainier White') to night air temperatures (10C and 20C) and elevated root-zone temperature (26C and ambient) was studied. Height of plants grown with a heated root-zone were greater, compared to unheated at both night temperatures for both cultivars. Shoot dry weight of `Tampico' plants was reduced by heated root-zone temperature at 20C night air temperature. Raceme length was greater with heated root-zone temperature compared to unheated at 10C night air temperature. Days to flower were shorter with heated compared to unheated root-zone at both night air temperatures for both cultivars. Stomatal diffusive resistance was greater on plants with unheated compared to heated root-zone temperature at 10C night air temperature for `Rainier White'.

scholarly journals The Combined Conditions of Photoperiod, Light Intensity, and Air Temperature Control the Growth and Development of Tomato and Red Pepper Seedlings in a Closed Transplant Production System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9939
Author(s):  
Hyunseung Hwang ◽  
Sewoong An ◽  
Minh Duy Pham ◽  
Meiyan Cui ◽  
Changhoo Chun
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Production System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Air Temperatures

Understanding environmental factors is essential to maximizing the biomass production of plants. There have been many studies on the effects of the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), photoperiod and air temperature as separate factors affecting plants, including under a closed transplant production system (CTPS). However, few studies have investigated the combined effects of these factors on plant growth. Germinated tomato and red pepper seedlings were transferred to three different photoperiods with five different photosynthetic photon fluxes (PPFs) at an air temperature of 25/20 °C to investigate plant growth under a different daily light integral (DLI). Three different air temperatures, 23/20, 25/20, and 27/20 °C (photo/dark periods), with five different PPFs were used to examine plant growth under different DIFs (difference between the day and night temperature). Increasing the DLI from 4.32 to 21.60 mol·m−2·d−1, either by increasing the photoperiod or PPF, improved the growth of seedlings in both cultivars. However, when comparing treatments that provided the same DLI, tomato seedlings had s significantly higher growth when grown under longer photoperiods and s lower PPF. Even in higher DLI conditions, reduced growth due to higher PPF indicated that excessive light energy was a limiting factor. At 23 and 25 °C, tomato seedlings showed similar correlation curves between growth and PPF. However, at the higher temperature of 27 °C, while the slope of the curve at low PPFs was similar to that of the curves at lower temperatures, the slope at high PPFs was flatter. On the other hand, red pepper seedlings displayed the same correlation curve between growth and PPF at all tested temperatures, and red pepper plants accumulated more dry weight even at higher temperatures. These results suggested that the combination effect was more useful to observe these overall tendencies, especially in reacting to a second factor. This will provide us with more information and a deeper understanding of plant characteristics and how they will behave under changing environments.

scholarly journals Potential Use of a 24-Hour Photoperiod (Continuous Light) with Alternating Air Temperature for Production of Tomato Plug Transplants in a Closed System

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Ohyama ◽  
Koji Manabe ◽  
Yoshitaka Omura ◽  
Toyoki Kozai ◽  
Chieri Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Potential Use

To evaluate the potential use of a 24-hour photoperiod for transplant production in a closed system, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plug transplants were grown for 17 days either under a 24-hour photoperiod with a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 or under a 16-hour photoperiod with a PPF of 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, resulting in the same daily integrated PPF (17.3 mol·m-2). Air temperatures were alternated between 28 °C during the first 16 hours and 16 °C for the subsequent 8 hours of each day. Fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area were 41%, 25%, and 64% greater, respectively, under the 24-hour photoperiod than under the 16-hour photoperiod. Physiological disorders (e.g., chlorosis and/or necrosis) were not observed under the 24-hour photoperiod, probably due to the alternating air temperature. Floral development of plants originating from both treatments did not differ significantly. Electric energy use efficiency of the closed system was 9% greater under the 24-hour photoperiod than under the 16-hour photoperiod. These results suggest that using a 24-hour photoperiod with relatively low PPF can reduce both initial and operational costs for transplant production in a closed system due to the reduction in the number of lamps.

scholarly journals Air and root medium temperature and the rooting of chrysanthemum and rose cuttings

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Borowski ◽  
Paul Hagen ◽  
Hoar Moe
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Factorial Combination ◽  
Favorable Influence

Cuttings of the chrysanthemum cultivar 'Horim' and rose cultivar 'Garnette' were rooted at 21°C, 24°C, 27°C root temperature in a factorial combination with 15°C, 18°C and 21°C air temperature. In each of the air and root temperatures, rose cuttings from different positions of the flower shoot were rooted. The effects of air and root temperatures and their interactions on root formation of chrysanthemum and rose cuttings were studied. Increasing the air temperature from 15°C to 21°C accelerated rooting and distinctly increased the number of roots per cutting on both plants. Higher root temperatures (24°C, 27°C) had a favorable influence on the rate of the rooting process but did not enhance the number of formed roots. Increasing both temperatures significantly increased the growth of the roots and their fresh and dry weight. An adverse effect of the root temperature was noticed on the breaking and growth of rose buds. Increasing the temperature from 21°C to 27°C strongly decreased the percentage of breaking buds and their growth. The results are discussed from the point of view of the influence air temperature on the contents of growth substances in the cuttings.

Lucerne in wet soils — the effect of stage of regrowth, cultivar, air temperature and root temperature

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Severe Effect ◽  
Air Temperatures

Hunter River lucerne grown in pots, was subjected to either 21°C or 33°C constant temperatures for the first 10 days of regrowth. At 33°C, flooding immediately after cutting killed 85% of the plants. Flooding 5 days after cutting killed 35% of the plants. Even when plants were not killed by flooding at 33°C they were severely checked, and made negligible regrowth during the next 30 days. At 21°C no plants were killed by flooding. Plants flooded immediately after cutting were severely checked but those flooded 5 days after cutting were similar to the unflooded controls. Hunter River lucerne flooded under all combinations of 20°C and 30°C air and root temperatures for the first 5 days after cutting was more severely affected at both root temperatures than Rhizoma and Lahontan lucernes. High root temperature during flooding had a severe effect on all cultivars, but high air temperatures did not affect flooding reaction. Possible mechanisms by which flooding damage occurs are discussed.

Effects of autumn on the induction of dormancy in apple and peach seedlings and their subsequent regrowth in spring

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Nichols ◽  
DL Jones ◽  
WK Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Short Days

Apple and peach seedlings were grown for 8 weeks under various regimes: two photoperiods (16 and 8 hr), two air temperatures (12.8° and 18.3°C) and three root temperatures (12.8°, 18.3° and 23.9°C). After the leaves were removed the seedlings were chilled in the dark at 5.6° for three periods (apples 750, 1500 and 2500 hr; peaches 750, 1500 and 2000 hr) and then grown in a glasshouse for 7 weeks during which bud break and extension growth were measured. Growth of apple seedlings (cv. Granny Smith) stopped in an air temperature of 12.8� irrespective of photoperiod and root temperature. At 18.3° growth continued, but was retarded by short days and a root temperature of 12.8°. Peach seedlings (cv. Elberta) did not grow after any of the treatments. Extension growth and bud break in both species increased with increased hours of chilling. Pre-dormancy factors had no effect on bud break in apples, but low air temperature and short days prior to chilling increased bud break in peaches, although the effects decreased as chilling increased. Low pre-dormancy air temperature increased the growth of both species after chilling. Photoperiod produced opposite effects in the two species. Thus short days increased the growth of peaches while long days were effective with apples. Apples grew best at a root temperature of 12.8°, and peaches grew better at this temperature than at 18.3° but not as well as at 23.9°.

Phosphorus restriction: control of transplant growth

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liptay ◽  
P. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Control of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth and height during production in the greenhouse is critical for efficient subsequent transplanting and acceptable field performance. Height can be reduced by P fertilisation. Eliminating P from nutrient solutions severely restricted growth. When fed a 10 mg P L−1 in the nutrient solution, seedlings were 11 cm tall after 49 d of growth, but only 3 cm tall without P. Intermediate P reduced height within this range. Transplanting was simulated after 49 d of seedling production by transferring the transplants to a temperature-controlled root chamber in larger volume cells plus fertilisation with a complete nutrient solution. Transplant growth with a complete nutrient solution caused differential growth according to the prior P feeding regime. New root growth in the various treatments was dependent on root growth during the transplant stage. However, shoot growth differed greatly among the P levels. Seedlings grown without any P during transplant production grew very slowly with only a 25% increase in leaf growth after 9 d. With the 2 mg L−1 feeding during transplant production of leaf dry weight increased over 200% during the 9-d period. In conclusion, seedling growth restriction can be achieved by P deprivation; the amount of P deprivation, however, affects subsequent seedling growth. Key words: Phosphorus, nutrients, tomato, transplant.

scholarly journals Effects of soil and air temperature on growth, development and water use of tomatoes.

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
A.T. Abdelhafeez ◽  
H. Harssema ◽  
G. Veri ◽  
K. Verkerk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Growth Development

In glasshouse experiments (a) without air temperature control and soil temperatures ranging from 14 degrees to 29 degrees C, and (b) with constant air temperatures of 17 degrees , 21 degrees and 25 degrees C and soil temperatures ranging from 12 degrees to 30 degrees C, growth of tomato plants was reduced at soil temperatures below 17 degrees C and air temperatures below 20 degrees C. Soil temperature did not influence reproductive development very much; root extension was somewhat influenced by soil temperature, and high soil temperatures increased the water use. A late but rather profuse flowering was produced by low air temperatures. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Azadirachta Indica A. Juss: Wood Ash Affects Seedling Growth of Mung Bean Vigna Radiata L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Mohammad Athar Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The burning of the wood ash is causing an environmental pollution related issue. The excess concentration of wood ash in the environment normally influenced on plant growth and development. This paper presents the effects of neem wood ash (Azadirachta inidca A. Juss.) on germination and seedling growth performance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) crop plants. Overall, the data reveals significant (p<0.05) effects of neem wood ash on the different growth variable of mung bean. The treatment of 4-20% neem wood ash significantly (p<0.05) affected shoot length of mung bean as compared to control. Neem wood ash treatment at all concentration produced fewer toxic effects on root and leaf growth of mung bean. The neem wood ash treatment at 20% also produced significantly (p<0.05) toxic effects on root and leaf dry weight of mung bean. Whereas, neem wood ash treatment at all level did produce any significant effects on shoot dry weight, total plant dry weight and leaf area ratio of mung bean.

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