scholarly journals Air and root medium temperature and the rooting of chrysanthemum and rose cuttings

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Borowski ◽  
Paul Hagen ◽  
Hoar Moe
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Factorial Combination ◽  
Favorable Influence

Cuttings of the chrysanthemum cultivar 'Horim' and rose cultivar 'Garnette' were rooted at 21°C, 24°C, 27°C root temperature in a factorial combination with 15°C, 18°C and 21°C air temperature. In each of the air and root temperatures, rose cuttings from different positions of the flower shoot were rooted. The effects of air and root temperatures and their interactions on root formation of chrysanthemum and rose cuttings were studied. Increasing the air temperature from 15°C to 21°C accelerated rooting and distinctly increased the number of roots per cutting on both plants. Higher root temperatures (24°C, 27°C) had a favorable influence on the rate of the rooting process but did not enhance the number of formed roots. Increasing both temperatures significantly increased the growth of the roots and their fresh and dry weight. An adverse effect of the root temperature was noticed on the breaking and growth of rose buds. Increasing the temperature from 21°C to 27°C strongly decreased the percentage of breaking buds and their growth. The results are discussed from the point of view of the influence air temperature on the contents of growth substances in the cuttings.

INTERACTIONS ENTRE LES TEMPERATURES RACINAIRES ET NOCTURNES SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT FOLIAIRE ET LA CAPACITE PHOTOSYNTHETIQUE DE PLANTS DE TOMATE CV. VENDOR

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
MARC-J. TRUDEL
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Capacité Photosynthétique

Six-week-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Vendor’) were maintained at five root temperatures (12, 18, 24, 30 or 36 °C) and five night air temperatures (8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 °C) for a period of 4 wk. Increase in root temperature partly offset the negative effects of low night air temperature on leaf dry weight and leaf area. Our results showed that higher root temperatures (30 °C) are required at low night air temperature (8 °C) for optimum plant growth. Lower rates of plant photosynthesis at low root and/or night air temperatures resulted mainly from reduced leaf growth and expansion, but also from a decrease in the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves. Our results suggest combining split-night temperature and soil warming techniques to improve the productivity of tomato plants and to reduce greenhouse heating costs.Key words: Tomato substrate, temperature, photosynthesis, growth

Growth, Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Stylosanthes: Effect of Different Root Temperatures at two Shoot Temperatures

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Date ◽  
D. Ratcliff
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Controlled Environments

SUMMARYNodulated plants of Stylosanthes hamata, S. guianensis, S. humilis, S. scabra and S. fruticosa were grown in controlled environments with varied root and shoot temperatures. Measurement of dry matter and nitrogen content suggested that shoot temperature may be more important than root temperature in controlling growth and nitrogen fixation. There were strong interactions with variety. A fall in relative growth rate with increase in shoot temperature was least for S. guianensis and greatest for S. hamata and S. scabra. The optimum root temperature for growth and nitrogen fixation was approximately 30°C. Ninety percent maximum yield was achieved between root temperatures of 15–36°C for growth and 23–34°C for nitrogen fixation but varied with variety. Nitrogen fixation was more sensitive than dry weight to root temperature. The pattern of response of percentage nitrogen and nitrogen fixation efficiency reflected those for dry weight and nitrogen yields. Shoot to root ratios decreased toward the optimum root temperature then increased at the highest temperature. The reaction of varieties to root and shoot temperatures may be an important factor in determining their suitability for new regions.

Experimental Modeling of Air Temperature and Velocity Distribution in an Engine Compartment

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Mozafari ◽  
M. H. Saidi ◽  
J. Neyestani ◽  
A. E. Sany
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Wind Effect ◽  
Engine Compartment ◽  
Air Velocity

Investigation of air distribution and wind effect on a vehicle body from the point of view of underhood heat transfer effect and proper positioning of vehicle elements such cooler, condenser and engine configuration is an important area for engine researchers and manufacturers as well. In this research, the effect of air velocity distribution and wind effect around a vehicle is simulated and temperature and velocity distribution around engine block which is influenced by the wind effect is investigated. Thermal investigation of the engine compartment components is performed using results of underhood air temperature and velocity distribution. The heat transfer from engine surface is calculated from the engine energy balance in which their input data are obtained from a comprehensive experimental study on a four cylinder gasoline engine.

scholarly journals A Note on the Flowering of Ajuga orientalis L. in Relation to Air Temperature in Mount Aenos (Cephalonia, Greece)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristidis Matsoukis ◽  
Athanasios Kamoutsis ◽  
Aikaterini Chronopoulou-Sereli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Start Dates

Ajuga orientalis L. is a widespread plant species in many countries, such as Greece, Italy and Turkey, with promising aesthetic value in the field and in landscape design, but nothing is known about its phenology, from a detailed, quantitatively, point of view, in relation to meteorological variables. Thus, under the aforementioned context, the purpose of our work is the elucidation of part of the phenology of this plant, especially concerning its flowering. To achieve this, the phenological stage ‘Beginning of flowering’, in terms of its start dates (julian days), was investigated in relation to average air temperature (T) of March in two areas, Roudi and Kaboulieri at north-northwest and south-southeast slopes, respectively, of Mount Aenos, Cephalonia, Greece, for three successive years (2014-2016). From the analysis of the T of March, it was confirmed that Kaboulieri area was significantly warmer (P<0.05) than Roudi area by 0.8 oC both in 2014 and 2015, with a significantly earlier appearance (P<0.05) of ‘Beginning of flowering’ of A. orientalis in Kaboulieri, ranging from 9.1 (2015) to 10.9 (2014) julian days. The findings of our study could be used for the planning of an efficient preservation program process of the aforementioned plant species in a vulnerable mountainous environment, such as the Mount Aenos environment, as well as for its further exploitation as a decorative plant.

scholarly journals Industrial Wastes in Soil Improvement

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Rama Subbarao ◽  
D. Siddartha ◽  
T. Muralikrishna ◽  
K. S. Sailaja ◽  
T. Sowmya
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Engineering Structures

Soil existing at a particular site may not be appropriate for construction of engineering structures. The present study made an attempt to enhance the geotechnical properties of a soil replaced with industrial wastes having pozzolanic value like rice husk ash (RHA) and fly ash (FA). Soil is replaced with RHA in 2%, 4%, and 6% to dry weight of soil. It is observed that soil replaced with 4% RHA is the optimum for the soil used in this study from geotechnical point of view. To know the influence of fly ash, soil is further replaced with 4% FA along with 4% RHA. It is found that results of soil replacement by both RHA and FA proved to be soil modification and not the improvement. Hence, a cost-effective accelerator like lime is used for further replacing the above soil-4%, RHA-4% FA mix. The optimum lime content is found to be 4%.

Application of papain enzyme in technology of meat products

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. М. Israelian ◽  
◽  
N. V. Holembovska ◽  
N. M. Slobodyanyuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Enzyme Preparations

Production of enzyme preparations occupies one of the leading places in modern biotechnology and belongs to the industries whose production is constantly growing and the field of application is expanding. Various enzyme preparations are widely used in the field of nutrition, this is due to their high catalytic activity, specificity of action, the ability to carry out biochemical reactions in mild conditions. Therefore, it is advisable to use enzymes for various industrial processes, both from an economic and technological point of view. The purpose of the work was to investigate the chemical composition and the activity of papain enzyme preparation with subsequent application in technology of meat production in order to increase the biological value and improve the functional and technological properties of the finished product. The analysis of literature sources and own research shows the prospects for research and the application of enzymes and enzyme preparations based on them in the food industry, as it improves the quality of finished products and the level of greening of production, more rational use of raw materials. As a result of a study of the chemical composition, it was found that the papain enzyme has a high protein content of 87.44%, due to which it has a broader effect on meat proteins. The dependence of papain activity on the pH of the medium, temperature, sodium chloride concentration, and enzyme concentration was studied. The results of the studies showed that the highest papain activity is in the range at pH 5.5–6.0. The enzyme has a maximum collagenase activity at pH 6.0 and at a temperature of 50–60 °C.

Simplified Procedure for Prediction of Asphalt Pavement Subsurface Temperatures Based on Heat Transfer Theories

1997 ◽  
Vol 1568 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisheng Shao ◽  
Sun Woo Park ◽  
Y. Richard Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Simplified Procedure ◽  
Subsurface Temperatures

Surface deflection measurements and backcalculation of layer moduli in flexible pavements are significantly affected by the temperature of the asphalt concrete (AC) layer. Correction of deflections or backcalculated moduli to a reference temperature requires determination of an effective temperature of the AC layer. For routine deflection testing and analysis in state highway agencies, it is preferable, from a practical point of view, to use a nondestructive prediction method for determining the effective AC layer temperature instead of measuring the temperature directly from a small hole drilled into the AC layer. A simplified procedure to predict asphalt pavement subsurface temperatures is presented. The procedure is based on fundamental principles of heat transfer and uses the surface temperature history since yesterday morning to predict the AC layer mid-depth temperature at the time of falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing today. The surface temperature history is determined using yesterday’s maximum air temperature and cloud condition, the minimum air temperature of today’s morning, and surface temperatures measured during FWD tests. FWD tests and temperature measurements have been conducted on seven pavement sections with varying structural designs located in three different climatic regions of North Carolina. The field temperature records from these pavements have provided values of pavement thermal parameters and coefficients in temperature functions that are needed in the prediction procedure. A set of verification results are presented using examples with different climatic regions, changing AC layer thicknesses, and varying weather patterns in different seasons.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and crown size on asparagus yielding

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesińsk ◽  
Jerzy Stachowiak ◽  
Mikołaj Knaflewski
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Crown Size

Abstract In order to determine the effect of temperature on asparagus yielding in the case of different crown sizes, asparagus plants were planted in growth chambers, in an aeroponic system with recirculation. The results show that asparagus yield was dependent on air temperature and crown size; however, crown size had a greater influence on the yield. The diameter and weight of the asparagus spears were also dependent on crown size. Higher dry weight content, degrees Brix, fructan and total carbohydrate content in storage roots were documented in large crown asparagus plants before and after harvest. Large sized crowns were also shown to build thicker and higher ferns.

scholarly journals The reduction of ferric oxalate by isolated chloroplasts

1940 ◽  
Vol 129 (855) ◽  
pp. 238-255 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Potassium Oxalate ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Isolated Chloroplasts

1.The isolated chloroplasts from Stellaria media show a progressive fall in activity approaching zero in 3-6 hr. Four different strains of the plant were grown which showed differences in the stability of chloroplasts after removal. 2. Two methods have been used to measure the activity of chloroplasts: ( a ) The measurement with HbO 2 of oxygen produced from ferric potassium oxalate as previously described. ( b ) The measurement of the rate of reduction of methaemoglobin in presence of atmospheric oxygen, the methaemoglobin being reduced by the ferrous iron. 3. The Q o 2 , measured as rate of oxygen production calculated on the basis of dry weight of leaf taken, is about 20. The Q o 2 , measured as rate of methaemoglobin reduction, generally appeared less as the reduction of methaemoglobin by ferrous iron is relatively slow. 4. The reduction of methaemoglobin in presence of ferric potassium oxalate has been studied quantitatively from the point of view of iron, methaemoglobin, and chloroplast concentration. 5. The effect of different light intensities on the ferric oxalate reaction is similar to the effect of varying light intensity on photosynthesis in whole plants and lies within the range of values found by different workers. 6. The ferric oxalate reaction is inhibited by urethane. Phenyl urethane inhibits in much smaller concentrations than ethyl urethane. The effective concentrations of urethane are similar to those affecting photosynthesis. 7. It is concluded from the present observations that the light reaction in vegetable photosynthesis is the production of the oxygen molecule and is not the reduction of carbon dioxide.

Total growth of a black spruce (Picea mariana) tree at Chalk River, Ontario, Canada

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Fraser ◽  
D. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Root Formation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Grand Total ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
The Individual

Apical and radial growth in trunk, branches, and roots, together with needle and cone distribution, were studied in a black spruce tree 31 years old and [Formula: see text] high. Growth of aerial parts was summarized as follows: (1) according to years of formation (oblique summation); (2) transversely on trunk inter-nodes (horizontal summation); and (3) according to the position of the annual rings, and the branch internodes (and needles) in relation to the pith or trunk (vertical summation). Root segments were classified on the basis of their diameter and distance from the trunk. Calculated on a dry-weight basis, the trunk accounted for 37%, the branches for 24%, the roots for 21%, and the needles for 18% of the grand total of 81 kg.The tree had 7.8 million needles when sampled in the fall of 1963, one-quarter of which were formed during the last 2 years of growth. Dry weight of individual needles varied with both position and age. While needles of the same season from the lower part of the crown exceeded those from the upper part in length, the reverse was true for the individual dry-weight content.In black spruce, cone periodicity, while distinct, is not as pronounced as in white spruce. The productive capacity of one "average" needle was estimated in terms of apical growth, trunk wood, and needle and root formation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document