scholarly journals N2 FIXATION AND COMPETITIVENESS OF Rhizobium phaseoli STRAINS ISOLATED FROM ONTARIO SOILS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACQUELINE C. MOXLEY ◽  
D. J. HUME ◽  
D. L. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
White Bean

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume crop generally considered to be a poor N2 fixer. This experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Rhizobium phaseoli strains in Ontario soils, to determine if inoculation with an indigenous, effective strain could improve N2 fixation or yield, and to determine the competitiveness of inoculant strains by measuring the recovery of applied strains in nodules using serology. One-gram composite soil samples from 36 of 37 farm sites across Ontario caused nodulation on either white bean cultivars Ex Rico 23 or Seafarer, indicating that R. phaseoli was widely distributed. However, ratings of nodulation indicated a wide range of effectiveness. Five selected strains isolated from these soils were compared with five strains from culture collections for effectiveness by using the strains to inoculate Ex Rico 23 or Seafarer grown in sterile, N-free culture in Leonard jars. The best field-isolated strains caused just as much N accumulation as the best strains from culture collections. Strain S1, selected as a consistently good N2 fixer, failed to cause increases in yield when used as an inoculant in field trials at Elora and Mitchell in 1980 and 1981. Inoculation with strain S1 did cause some increases in percent seed protein and nodule dry weight with Ex Rico 23 at Elora in 1980. Three other strains tested in each year failed to show any improvements in yield, seed N, or nodulation in either year. Recovery of inoculant strains ranged from 0 to 31%. At Mitchell in 1981, 100 kg ha−1 of fertilizer N increased yields over all inoculation treatments. Indigenous strains appeared to be only partially effective N2 fixers and inoculant strains generally were poor competitors against strains already present in the soils.Key words: White bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, Rhizobium phaseoli, N2 fixation, strain competition

Response of Four Market Classes of Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Foramsulfuron, Isoxaflutole, and Isoxaflutole plus Atrazine Applied in Previous Years

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
White Bean

Three field trials were established from 2001 to 2003 in Ontario to determine the effect of foramsulfuron POST (35 and 70 g ai/ha), isoxaflutole PRE (105 and 210 g ai/ha), and isoxaflutole plus atrazine PRE (105 + 1063 and 210 + 2126 g ai/ha) applied in the previous years to field corn on cranberry, black, kidney, and white (navy) bean. Foramsulfuron residues did not cause visible injury, or reductions in shoot dry weight or yield of dry bean 1 yr after application in corn. In contrast, visual injury across the four market classes varied from 4 to 37% 1 yr after application of isoxaflutole, and from 30 to 54% 1 yr after application of isoxaflutole plus atrazine. Isoxaflutole residues reduced shoot dry weight and yield as much as 81 and 44% in cranberry, 52 and 39% in black, 53 and 19% in kidney, and 42 and 19% in white bean, respectively. Isoxaflutole plus atrazine residues reduced shoot dry weight and yield as much as 87 and 64% in cranberry, 75 and 61% in black, 71 and 46% in kidney, and 65 and 33% in white navy bean, respectively. Injury was not detected regardless of market classes 2 yr after application of isoxaflutole alone or in tank mix with atrazine. Based on these results, it is recommended that none of the market classes of dry bean tested in this study should be grown 1 year after an application of isoxaflutole or isoxaflutole plus atrazine. A recropping interval of 2 years is currently recommended following applications of isoxaflutole or isoxaflutole plus atrazine for these market classes of dry bean.

Dry Bean Response to Preemergence-Applied KIH-485

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Nader Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Pinto Beans

Three field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2004 and 2005) at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of eight market classes of dry beans to KIH-485 applied PRE at 210 and 420 g ai/ha. KIH-485 PRE caused as much as 67% visual injury in small-seeded and 44% visual injury in large-seeded dry beans. KIH-485 applied PRE at 420 g/ha reduced plant height up to 47% at Ridgetown and 8% at Exeter in 2004, and reduced height of brown and white bean by 15 and 19%, respectively, but had no effect on the height of the other beans in 2005. Shoot dry weight was not affected at Exeter in 2004 but was reduced by 46% at Ridgetown in 2004 and 14% at Exeter in 2005. In 2004, seed moisture content increased by 5, 6, and 12% in black, otebo, and pinto beans, respectively. Seed yield was reduced up to 27% at Ridgetown and 11% at Exeter in 2004 but was not affected at Exeter in 2005. On the basis of this research, KIH-485 PRE causes unacceptable injury in some dry bean market classes.

Variation amongst Canadian six-row spring barley cultivars for germination and emergence characteristics in controlled environments and in the field

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Briggs ◽  
G. J. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Controlled Environments

Information is lacking concerning the extent of variability in Canadian six-row barley cultivars for differences in potential field germination vigour and other germination characteristics, and the extent to which these traits can be predicted from laboratory tests. This study was conducted to evaluate the extent to which a genetically diverse range of Western Canadian six-row barley cultivars differ in germination resistance and early seedling vigour or emergence rate under controlled environments and in the field, over a range of temperature stress conditions. Vigour was assessed by measuring germination rate, emergence rate, and dry weight accumulation in young seedlings, in the growth cabinet and in the field. Cultivars studied were selected to represent a wide range of genetic diversity typical of Canadian breeding programs of the early 1980s. Growth cabinet assays were conducted at six temperatures from 2.5 to 20 °C. Field trials were conducted using the same cultivars seeded at three dates per site in 2 yr, to assess cultivar emergence rates and seedling dry weight accumulation over a range of seedbed temperatures, using two seed sources from cultivar increases each grown in different years.Cultivars differed significantly for germination resistance in the growth cabinet, and the performance of cultivars was relatively consistent across assay temperatures and for the two different seed sources. Differences among cultivars in growth for seedling dry weight were also consistent across temperatures, but cultivar performance for seedling dry weight accumulation was not significantly correlated with germination resistance in the cabinet test. In field trials, days to emergence were highly and significantly correlated with germination resistance determined in the growth cabinet. Germination resistance was less strongly correlated with dry weight accumulation in the field at 5 wk. Across cultivars, seedling dry weight estimates in the field were significantly correlated with seedling dry weights assayed in the growth cabinet. Results from this study confirm that genetic variation in potential germination rate and seedling vigour in the field can be identified in six-row barley using the germination resistance assay in the growth cabinet. Germination resistance identified more cultivar differences than were found for the seedling dry weight accumulation tests, which were characterized by high coefficients of variation and low correlation between growth cabinet and field. Key words: Temperature, field seedling vigour, barley cultivars, prediction tests

EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZER N ON N2(C2H2) FIXATION AND YIELD OF WHITE BEAN AND SOYBEAN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. SMITH ◽  
D. J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Seed Yields

White bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) generally fixes less atmospheric nitrogen (N2) than does soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill). Experiments were conducted to assess the sensitivity of both species to irrigation and fertilizer N. Trials were conducted near Elora, Ontario in 1981 to 1983 and at Cambridge, Ontario in 1983. Treatments included applying 1 cm/day of irrigation water, 200 kg N/ha added throughout the season (400 kg N/ha at Elora in 1983), 1 cm/day of irrigation water plus N, and a control with no added fertilizer or water. Irrigation increased N2(C2H2) fixation in white bean by four to 150 times and in soybean by two to four times. Nodule mass and nodule size also were generally increased more in white bean than in soybean. Specific nodule activity (SNA) was increased similarly in both species. Fertilizer N decreased N2(C2H2) fixation consistently, and also lowered nodulation and SNA in most cases. The increase due to irrigation was the same in most instances under low or high N conditions. There was no indication that nodulation and N2(C2H2) fixation were more sensitive to fertilizer N in white bean than soybean. Fertilizer N application caused 10–20% increases in total N accumulation in each experiment, but seed yields were only increased by fertilizer N at the site with the least available soil N. N2(C2H2) fixation by white bean was much less than by soybean, yet seed yields of white bean were higher in two of the four trials. Yields in white bean appeared no more limited by available N than were yields in soybean.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, N2(C2H2) fixation, nodule development, seed yield

scholarly journals Rhizobium phaseoli tolerant to insecticide on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Gustavo Santoyo-Pizano ◽  
José Luis Hernández-Mendoza ◽  
Liliana Márquez-Benavides ◽  
Gustavo De Luna-Esquivel ◽  
Juan Manuel Sánchez-Yáñez
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Healthy Growth

The genus and species of Rhizobium phaseoli are useful as an inoculant for the production of Phaseolus vulgaris (beans) in the root nodules symbiotic stage fixes molecular nitrogen (FN) for supplying nitrogen (N) for healthy growth. In P. vulgaris cropping, pesticides are used to control root insects, which could reduce the beneficial effect of R. phaseoli. The purpose of this work was to isolate and select R. phaseoli diazinon´s tolerance. In that sense, R. phaseoli were cultivated in a medium mixed with diazinon in order to select R. phaseoli tolerant to the pesticide. This mutant of R. phaseoli tolerant to diazinon was inoculated in P. vulgaris the effect was evaluated 45 days later. The response of P. vulgaris was measured by the number of effective nodules at the roots, fresh and dry weight, and the height of the plant. Results showed that R. phaseoli tolerant to diazinon kept its beneficial activity for the healthy growth of P. vulgaris. It was concluded that R. phaseoli tolerant to diazinon were infec-tive and effective for the health growth of P. vulgaris.

scholarly journals Exo-Metabolites of Phaseolus vulgaris-Nodulating Rhizobial Strains

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Montes-Grajales ◽  
Nuria Esturau-Escofet ◽  
Baldomero Esquivel ◽  
Esperanza Martinez-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

Rhizobia are able to convert dinitrogen into biologically available forms of nitrogen through their symbiotic association with leguminous plants. This results in plant growth promotion, and also in conferring host resistance to different types of stress. These bacteria can interact with other organisms and survive in a wide range of environments, such as soil, rhizosphere, and inside roots. As most of these processes are molecularly mediated, the aim of this research was to identify and quantify the exo-metabolites produced by Rhizobium etli CFN42, Rhizobium leucaenae CFN299, Rhizobium tropici CIAT899, Rhizobium phaseoli Ch24-10, and Sinorhizobium americanum CFNEI156, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Bacteria were grown in free-living cultures using minimal medium containing sucrose and glutamate. Interestingly, we found that even when these bacteria belong to the same family (Rhizobiaceae) and all form nitrogen-fixing nodules on Phaseolus vulgaris roots, they exhibited different patterns and concentrations of chemical species produced by them.

Ozone-Herbicide Interactions in Crop Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Carney ◽  
G. R. Stephenson ◽  
D. P. Ormrod ◽  
G. C. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Gold ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Weight Data ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Fireball’), white bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Seaway’), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL. ‘Delhi 34’ and ‘White Gold’) were pretreated with herbicides at one of three rates prior to fumigation with ozone at 0, 7.5, 15, or 30 pphm (parts per hundred million) for two 1.5-hr period. The plants were harvested 5 to 7 days after ozone fumigation, dried, and weighed. The natural logarithms of the dry weight data were subjected to multiple regression analysis to test for synergistic or antagonistic interactions between ozone and the various herbicides. Synergistic phytotoxicity was definitely observed for pebulate (S-propyl butylethylthiocarbamate) and possibly for chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) in combination with ozone on tobacco ‘White Gold’ and ‘Delhi 34’, respectively. For most of the other combinations (chloramben, trifluralin α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) or monolinuron (3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea) on white bean, diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide) or trifluralin on tomato, chloramben on tobacco ‘White Gold’, and pebulate on tobacco ‘Delhi 34’) the phytotoxicity in the presence of ozone was additive and no interaction was indicated. An antagonistic interaction between ozone and benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) was indicated on the two cultivars of tobacco.

THE RESPONSE OF SELECTED Phaseolus vulgaris L. CULTIVARS TO OZONE UNDER CONTROLLED FUMIGATION AND AMBIENT FIELD LEVELS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HUCL ◽  
W. D. BEVERSDORF
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
High Level

In 1977, a cross section of the Phaseolus vulgaris L. world collection was screened for ozone insensitivity in fumigation chambers. A number of cultivars were selected for their high level of insensitivity to ozone (O3). These selections, along with three cultivars reported as highly insensitive and a number of white bean cultivars, were further evaluated under more stringent conditions in a controlled environment as well as under field conditions over a 2-yr period. All the white bean cultivars were sensitive to O3 under controlled conditions, but under field conditions later maturing cultivars escaped serious injury from ambient O3 levels. Early-maturing white bean cultivars tended to suffer reduced yields and earlier senescence compared with plots chemically protected from ambient O3 injury. The yields of cultivars selected as O3 insensitive in chamber fumigations were not affected by ambient field O3 levels in the field trials.

Response of dry beans to halosulfuron applied postemergence

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Adequate Margin

Soltani, N., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2012. Response of dry beans to halosulfuron applied postemergence. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 723–728. Four field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2009 and 2010) at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario, to evaluate the tolerance of adzuki, black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, Small Red Mexican and white beans to halosulfuron applied postemergence (POST) at 35 and 70 g a.i. ha−1. All treatments including the non-treated control were maintained weed free during the growing season. Halosulfuron applied POST caused as much as 73, 7, 13, 12, 12, 11, 11 and 9% injury in adzuki, black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, Small Red Mexican (SRM) and white beans, respectively. Halosulfuron applied POST reduced adzuki bean height as much as 52 and 70% at Exeter and Ridgetown, respectively. Plant height was not affected in the other market classes of dry bean evaluated. Halosulfuron POST reduced shoot dry weight of adzuki bean 68% at both rates evaluated. Otebo and SRM bean shoot dry weight were not affected when halosulfuron was applied POST at 35 g a.i. ha−1 but otebo bean shoot dry weight was reduced 12% and SRM bean shoot dry weight was reduced 14% at 70 g a.i. ha−1. Shoot dry weight of black, cranberry, kidney, pinto and white bean was not affected with either rate of halosulfuron. Seed yield of adzuki bean was decreased 58% at 35 g a.i. ha−1 and 68% at 70 g a.i. ha−1 with halosulfuron. White bean yield was not affected with halosulfuron applied POST at 35 g a.i. ha−1 but was reduced 9% at 70 g a.i. ha−1. Seed yield of black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto and SRM bean was not reduced with either rate of halosulfuron. Based on these results, there is not an adequate margin of crop safety for halosulfuron POST in adzuki bean. However, there is potential for POST application of halosulfuron in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, SRM and white beans.

ĐIỀU TRA, TINH SẠCH VÀ TÌM HIỂU TÍNH CHẤT ĐẶC TRƯNG CỦA LECTIN MỘT SỐ GIỐNG ĐẬU CÔ VE (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Đăng Nguyên ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Hạnh
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
White Bean

Đã điều tra lectin của 6 giống đậu cô ve thấy rằng cả 6 giống đều có hoạt tính lectin trong đó giống đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi (white bean core bush type white seeds) có hoạt tính lectin mạnh nhất, đặc biệt đối với hồng cầu trâu, bò, lợn. Lectin của 6 giống này đều không có biểu hiện đặc hiệu nhóm máu. Lectin đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi hoạt động tốt nhất ở nhiệt độ 300C – 400C, pH 6,8 – 7,6. Các đường α-D-glucose, α-D-galactose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-saccharide,  D-lactose, D-arabinose và D-manitose ở nồng độ 0,05 – 0,1 M có tác dụng kìm hãm hoạt tính của lectin đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi. Lectin này cũng bị kìm hãm bởi protein của một số huyết thanh người và động vật (trâu, bò, lợn). Đã tinh sạch lectin đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi có độ tinh sạch gấp khoảng 52 lần so với dịch thô ban đầu. Trên gel polyacrylamide thấy xuất hiện 5 band có khối lượng phân tử trong khoảng 30 – 97 kDa.

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