MEFLUIDIDE EFFECTS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SMOOTH BROMEGRASS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. BARON ◽  
G. A. VAN ESBROECK ◽  
A. C. DICK
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Yield Distribution ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Almost All

Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pastures are characterized by poor seasonal yield distribution and low animal productivity during the late season. The plant growth regulator mefluidide (N-[2,4-dimethyl-5[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide) was applied to smooth bromegrass prior to jointing at 0 (Control), 0.15 (Low) and 0.30 (High) kg ha−1 to effect yield redistribution and improve forage quality in a three-cut system (preboot, cut 2 and cut 3) and in initial stages of growth at preboot, anthesis and hard dough stages. Almost all differences, due to mefluidide treatment, were confined to stages of accumulated growth and to cut 2 of the three-cut regime. Yield distribution was improved over years for both High and Low treatments compared to the Control as a result of decreased preboot and increased cut 2 yields. Total yield for the three cuts was 88% and 83% of the Control for Low and High treatments, respectively. Yield was reduced to 32, 66 and 85% of the Control by the High treatment at preboot, anthesis and hard dough stages of initial growth. Forage quality was generally improved uniformly over stages of initial growth, where leaf to stem ratio increased. Crude protein and in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) increased, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin and cellulose decreased over initial growth stages. IVOMD, NDF, ADF and cellulose increased at cut 2; lignin decreased at cut 3. Mefluidide effectively modified yield distribution in smooth bromegrass, but whether the improvements in forage quality shown through chemical analyses follow through to animal performance must be studied further.Key words: Bromegrass (smooth), mefluidide, yield distribution, forage quality

scholarly journals Yield and quality of Maralfalfa forage during long days on three dairy farms in northern Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Rafael Ramos-Santana ◽  
Yamil Quijano-Cabrera ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Harvest Intervals

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality performance of Maralfalfa forage obtained at six harvest intervals (HI; 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 d) on three dairies in northern Puerto Rico during the long day season. The 40-day harvest interval was significantly (P < 0.05) inferior in dry matter yield to those of 60, 80, and 90 days; no significant (P < 0.05) differences in yield were observed among intervals of 40, 50 and 70 days. The 40-day interval showed the highest forage quality as indicated by crude protein content, digestibility in vitro of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, and estimated net energy, index of relative forage quality and theoretical milk production. Although significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in some of these criteria between 40- and 50-day harvest intervals, the latter maintained a good nutritional value in contrast to drastic losses in quality observed with the longer harvest intervals under study. The simple regression equations between digestibility in vitro of dry matter and of neutral detergent fiber versus harvest interval showed a decrease in digestibility of 2.7 and 3.0 percentage points for each additional 10 days of harvest interval, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seven Oat (Avena sativa) Genotypes for Biomass Yield and Quality Parameters under Different Locations of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abuye Tulu ◽  
Mekonnen Diribsa ◽  
Worku Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Recognizing the potential and importance of cultivating improved forage crops as a means of tackling the recurrent feed shortage facing the study area, seven oat genotypes were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications across two locations for three growing seasons (2014, 2015, and 2016). The study was aimed to evaluate dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter yield and nutrient composition of oat genotypes. The study revealed that oat genotypes responded differently for herbage dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter (OM) yield, and quality parameters in both study locations. Averaged over the seven oat genotypes, herbage DM and digestible OM yield. recorded at Bako were higher than Boneya Boshe location across the study periods. The ash ( P  > 0.05) content did not vary among oat genotypes at both testing locations, while variation was observed for DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), in vitro digestibility, and metabolizable energy (ME) constituents. In general, genotypes ILRI 6710 and 5453 showed higher herbage DM and digestible OM yield. Moreover, the two genotypes are also higher in their in vitro digestibility value and ME, DM, and CP contents but relatively lower in NDF, ADF, and ADL fiber constituents, and thus, they are recommended for wider cultivation.

scholarly journals Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and extreme climatic events on forage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation in permanent grassland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 4841-4853
Author(s):  
Vincent Niderkorn ◽  
Annette Morvan-Bertrand ◽  
Aline Le Morvan ◽  
Angela Augusti ◽  
Marie-Laure Decau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in botanical and chemical composition, as well as in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of an upland grassland exposed to climate changes in controlled CO2 concentration, air temperature and precipitation conditions. Grassland was exposed to a future climate scenario coupled with CO2 treatments (390 and 520 ppm) from the beginning of spring. During summer, an extreme climatic event (ECE; 2 weeks of a +6 ∘C increase in temperature, together with severe drought) was applied and then followed by a recovery period. Three cutting dates were considered, i.e. in April, June and November. The results indicate that increases in greenness, nitrogen (N) content and changes in water-soluble carbohydrate profile in association with botanical composition changes for the November cut lead to higher in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) in the rumen. The neutral detergent fiber : nitrogen (NDF:N) ratio appeared to be a key driver of forage quality, which was affected in opposite ways by elevated CO2 and ECE, with a strong impact on rumen fermentation. Atmospheric CO2 concentration in interaction with ECE tended to affect IVDMD, indicating that the effects of elevated CO2 and ECE may partly offset each other. Our findings indicate that the various factors of climate change need to be considered together in order to properly characterize their effects on forage quality and use by ruminants.

The yield and composition of the milk of Finnish Landrace × Blackface ewes: II. Ewes and lambs grazed on pasture

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Peart ◽  
R. A. Edwards ◽  
Elizabeth Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Production Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All

SUMMARYThe milk production of 14 Finnish Landrace × Blackface ewes suckling either single, twin or triplet lambs was recorded while they were wholly maintained on a high-quality grazed pasture. Intravenous administration of oxytocin followed by hand milking was used to estimate milk production within 4 days of parturition and then at weekly intervals during a 12-week lactation period. At each milking the milk from each ewe was retained for analysis. Herbage samples for analysis were cut by hand shears at weekly intervals at a height simulating the harvesting by the sheep. In vitro analysis showed a decline in the digestible organic matter in the herbage from approximately 75% in the early stages, to around 67% at the end of lactation. The percentage crude protein in the dry matter of the herbage was variable but tended to increase towards the end of the lactation period. The estimated mean total milk production values were 125, 176 and 193 kg for single-, twin- and triplet-suckled groups of ewes, respectively. Almost all of the difference in total yield between the groups of multiplesuckled ewes occurred in the first 4 weeks of lactation. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences between suckling groups in the concentration of any of the milk constituents. Regression analysis showed significant evidence for differences between the linear and quadratic components of the regressions on stage of lactation for the suckling groups only in respect of daily milk yield, energy and protein production. The concentration of constituents other than lactose was higher in colostral milk but the differences were statistically significant only in respect of energy, total solids and fat. The lactose content of ordinary milk was significantly higher than that of colostral milk. The mean daily live-weight gains of the single- and twin-suckled lambs were significantly greater than that of the triplet-suckled group.

The effects of sequential inoculation of mixed rumen protozoa on the degradation of orchard grass cell walls by anaerobic fungus Anaeromyces mucronatus 543

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung S Lee ◽  
Jong K Ha ◽  
K -J Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Rumen Protozoa

The effects of protozoa on the degradation of plant cell walls (CW) during different growth stages of the fungus Anaeromyces mucronatus have been investigated. Since fungi show a marked lag in their in vitro cultures and many protozoa rapidly die during a prolonged incubation time, the effects of protozoa may vary according to the growth phase of the fungi. Therefore, the approach adopted was (i) to inoculate CW with fungus monoculture, (ii) to inoculate CW with fungus-protozoa coculture, or (iii) to sequentially inoculate fungal cultures that had been grown in CW for 24 (initial stage of growth), 48, and 72 h (late stage of growth) with mixed protozoa. When a fungus was associated with protozoa, a growth phase dependent effect was observed. Ruminal protozoa adversely affected the growth and activity when introduced in the initial growth stage of A. mucronatus, but a synergetic interaction was detected when added to late growth stage cultures. Although there is no immediate explanation for these results, the data suggested that protozoa can engulf the fungal zoospores, which are in ruminal fluids and (or) attached to small feed particles, but cannot engulf the fungal thallus that is tightly attached to feed particles by a rhizoidal system. Our data indicated that the protozoa did not influence cellulolysis by the fungi in exponential and (or) stationary phase, but they had a marked inhibitory effect on fungi that were in lag phase. Inhibition during lag phase could result from the protozoal predation of fungal zoospores that had failed to attach to substrates.Key words: rumen fungi, rumen protozoa, cellulose digestion, cellulase activity, interactions.

Effect of growth stage at cutting on yield and quality of lucerne cultivars from different dormancy groups in northern Victoria

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Slarke ◽  
WK Mason
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Yield And Quality

At Kyabram, Victoria, the effects of growth stage at cutting on dry matter (DM) yield and quality of lucerne was determined during the warm season haymaking period for cultivars with contrasting winter dormancy characteristics. Growth stages at cutting were pre-flower bud, flower-bud, 10% bloom and full bloom. Cultivars were winter non-dormant CUF 101 and Pioneer Brand 572, semi-winter dormant Pioneer Brand 581 and winter dormant Pioneer Brand 545. Cultivar responses or interactions between cultivar and growth stage at cutting were not significant (P>0.05) for dry matter yield, crude protein or in vitro digestibility. Cutting of the pre-flower bud stage, compared with cutting at the 10% bloom stage, reduced DM yield by 18% (16.4 v. 13.5 t/ha), but increased crude protein content of the lucerne from 19.3 to 24%. The total protein yield per hectare was not affected by cutting stages from pre-flower bud stage to 10% bloom. Cutting lucerne at the flower bud stage rather than at 10% bloom gave increased protein content and digestibility with only a moderate yield decline. However, more frequent cutting was unsatisfactory as it decreased the density of the stand and increased the proportion of weeds and so could not be recommended.

EFFECT OF MEFLUIDIDE APPLICATION DATE ON YIELD AND FORAGE QUALITY OF Bromus SPECIES

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. VAN ESBROECK ◽  
V. S. BARON
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

The plant growth regulator mefluidide (N- [2,4-dimethyl 5 [[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide) has been used to enhance forage quality in several temperate grass species, but results have been inconsistent. This study was carried out to determine if stage of apical development at time of mefluidide application influenced subsequent forage yield and quality. Mefluidide was applied at 0.3 kg ha−1 to smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem and Schult.) at six weekly intervals beginning 27 April during 1984 and 1985 at Lacombe, Alberta. Stage of apical development at mefluidide application time was monitored closely in smooth bromegrass. Dry matter (DM) yield and quality parameters were measured at the hard dough stage. Maximum yield reductions and quality enhancement occurred consistently following an application during the first week in May. This application time (2–4 May) corresponded to a developmental stage just prior to jointing and after double ridge formation in smooth bromegrass. The 2–4 May application resulted in a 26 and 43% reduction in DM yield, a 7.8 and 6.2% increase in in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and a 41 and 50% increase in crude protein for smooth and meadow bromegrass, respectively. Fiber fractions, except hemicellulose, both on a DM and cell-wall basis, were also lowest at this application date for both species. IVDOM was negatively correlated to plant height and lignin content both on a cell-wall and DM basis. This indicated that improved quality was associated with a reduction in stem material. A negative correlation between plant height and yield was also observed. It is recommended that, for quality enhancement in smooth and meadow bromegrass, mefluidide be applied after growth has resumed in spring, but prior to jointing.Key words: Bromus species, mefluidide, application date, forage yield and quality

Maturation effects on forage quality of Kentucky bluegrass

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Hockensmith ◽  
C. C. Sheaffer ◽  
G. C. Marten ◽  
J. L. Halgerson
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cool Season

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is an important constituent of many permanent pastures in the northern United States and is an important source of livestock feed, but there is a paucity of information on its forage quality. The objective of this research was to assess changes with maturity in forage quality of whole herbage, leaves, and stems of Kentucky bluegrass compared with other important cool-season forage grasses. Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceae L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) were sampled weekly beginning in mid-May until each species reached milk stage. Kentucky bluegrass had the highest or was among the grasses with the highest average leaf percentage, and leaf, stem, and whole herbage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations; and lowest average whole herbage, leaf, and stem in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations compared with tall growing species. Kentucky bluegrass also had the slowest rates of change in leaf and stem concentration and in whole herbage IVDDM and NDF concentrations with maturity. Leaf concentration was negatively correlated with herbage NDF and ADL concentration, but was not correlated with herbage IVDDM and CP concentration. Relative to tall growing cool season grasses, Kentucky bluegrass is leafier, but it has poorer forage digestibility. Key words: Poa pratense L., forage quality, perennial grass, leaves, stems

scholarly journals Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and extreme climatic events on forage quality and <i>in vitro</i> rumen fermentation in permanent grassland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Niderkorn ◽  
Annette Morvan-Bertrand ◽  
Aline Le Morvan ◽  
Marie-Lise Benot ◽  
Angela Augusti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Strong Impact

Abstract. This study was aimed at analyzing changes in botanical and chemical composition, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of an upland grassland exposed to climate changes in controlled conditions except for light intensity, which was the natural one. Grassland was exposed to future climate scenario coupled with CO2 treatments (390 and 520 ppm) from the beginning of spring. During summer, an extreme event (two weeks of increased temperature, +6 °C, associated with severe drought, ECE) was associated. After the ECE, a recovery treatment was performed. Three cutting dates in April, June and November were considered. Our results indicate that increases in greenness, nitrogen (N) content and changes in water-soluble carbohydrate profile for the cut of November result in higher in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) in the rumen. The neutral detergent fiber : nitrogen (NDF : N) ratio appeared to be a main driver of forage quality affected in opposite ways by elevated CO2 and ECE, with a strong impact on rumen fermentation. A trend towards an interaction between atmospheric CO2 concentration and ECE was observed in IVDMD, indicating that their effects could partly offset each other. These findings indicate that the different factors of climate change have to be considered together to characterize their effects on forage quality and use by ruminants.

EFFECT OF MEFLUIDIDE ON YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS IN EAST-CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. McCAUGHEY ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Growing Conditions

Two experiments, each of two years duration, were conducted to examine the effect of the plant growth regulator, mefluidide (N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide), on yield and chemical composition of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) (L.) Gaertn.). In exp. 1, 1986, high rates of mefluidide resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) dry matter yield (DMY) and growth was inhibited for longer periods of time at higher application rates. Mefluidide treatment reduced (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, increased (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP), ash and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) contents and had no effect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) or lignin contents. In 1987, neither DMY nor chemical composition were affected by mefluidide treatment. There were no effects of mefluidide treatment on DMY of regrowth in either year. However, regrowth CP content in 1986 and IVDOM content in 1987 were increased (P < 0.05) by mefluidide treatment while other chemical fractions were unaffected. In exp. 2, conducted in both 1987 and 1988, mefluidide application reduced (P < 0.05) reproductive shoot densities (RS) and DMY in both years. However, in 1987, the reduction in DMY only became apparent at late harvest dates. There were no effects of mefluidide treatment on CP content in either year. The regrowth DMY was reduced (P < 0.01) by mefluidide treatment in 1988 but not 1987 and CP content was not affected in either year. In these experiments, mefluidide enhanced forage quality when environmental conditions were favorable but was not effective during periods of drought stress. The high probability of drought occurring on the Canadian prairies would appear to limit application of this technology to more mesic locations. Under dry growing conditions, improvements in forage quality appear to be obtained at the expense of reduced forage yields.Key words: Agropyron cristatum, plant growth regulators, forage quality, mefluidide, nutritional value

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document