EFFECT OF MEFLUIDIDE ON YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS IN EAST-CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. McCAUGHEY ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Growing Conditions

Two experiments, each of two years duration, were conducted to examine the effect of the plant growth regulator, mefluidide (N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide), on yield and chemical composition of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) (L.) Gaertn.). In exp. 1, 1986, high rates of mefluidide resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) dry matter yield (DMY) and growth was inhibited for longer periods of time at higher application rates. Mefluidide treatment reduced (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, increased (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP), ash and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) contents and had no effect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) or lignin contents. In 1987, neither DMY nor chemical composition were affected by mefluidide treatment. There were no effects of mefluidide treatment on DMY of regrowth in either year. However, regrowth CP content in 1986 and IVDOM content in 1987 were increased (P < 0.05) by mefluidide treatment while other chemical fractions were unaffected. In exp. 2, conducted in both 1987 and 1988, mefluidide application reduced (P < 0.05) reproductive shoot densities (RS) and DMY in both years. However, in 1987, the reduction in DMY only became apparent at late harvest dates. There were no effects of mefluidide treatment on CP content in either year. The regrowth DMY was reduced (P < 0.01) by mefluidide treatment in 1988 but not 1987 and CP content was not affected in either year. In these experiments, mefluidide enhanced forage quality when environmental conditions were favorable but was not effective during periods of drought stress. The high probability of drought occurring on the Canadian prairies would appear to limit application of this technology to more mesic locations. Under dry growing conditions, improvements in forage quality appear to be obtained at the expense of reduced forage yields.Key words: Agropyron cristatum, plant growth regulators, forage quality, mefluidide, nutritional value

scholarly journals Yield and quality of Maralfalfa forage during long days on three dairy farms in northern Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Rafael Ramos-Santana ◽  
Yamil Quijano-Cabrera ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Harvest Intervals

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality performance of Maralfalfa forage obtained at six harvest intervals (HI; 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 d) on three dairies in northern Puerto Rico during the long day season. The 40-day harvest interval was significantly (P < 0.05) inferior in dry matter yield to those of 60, 80, and 90 days; no significant (P < 0.05) differences in yield were observed among intervals of 40, 50 and 70 days. The 40-day interval showed the highest forage quality as indicated by crude protein content, digestibility in vitro of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, and estimated net energy, index of relative forage quality and theoretical milk production. Although significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in some of these criteria between 40- and 50-day harvest intervals, the latter maintained a good nutritional value in contrast to drastic losses in quality observed with the longer harvest intervals under study. The simple regression equations between digestibility in vitro of dry matter and of neutral detergent fiber versus harvest interval showed a decrease in digestibility of 2.7 and 3.0 percentage points for each additional 10 days of harvest interval, respectively.

Influence of growing conditions on rumen escape protein and chemical composition in grass

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
J.W. Cone ◽  
A.H. van Gelder ◽  
A.A. Kamman ◽  
V.A. Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Growing Conditions

The amount of rumen escape protein is commonly determined with the nylon bag technique. However, there is also an in vitro technique described using a protease of Streptomyces griseus (Aufrère et al., 1991; Cone et al., 1996), allowing systematical analysis of protein quality in a large number of samples. The aim of this study was to identify the influences of growing conditions on content of rumen escape protein in grass and grass silage and to investigate the relationships between rumen escape protein determined in vitro and in situ and chemical composition.

scholarly journals Utilization of a novel feedstuff: effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Dong ◽  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Siran Wang ◽  
Tao Shao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Tetraploid Black Locust

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (TBL). The TBL leaves silage was either untreated (control) or treated with 1 × 106 cfu/g FM Lactobacillus plantarum (L), 1% glucose (G), 3% molasses (M), a combination of 1% glucose and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+G), or a combination of 3% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+M). Fermentation quality, chemical composition and nutrient digestibility were then analyzed. Ethanol and acetic acid concentrations were the dominant fermentation products in all silages except L+M silage. The L, G and L+G treatments failed to influence the fermentation. The M treatment increased (P<0.05) the lactic acid concentration and lowered (P<0.05) the pH when compared with control silage. The best fermentation properties were observed in L+M silage, as indicated by the dominance of lactic acid over ethanol in fermentation products. The M and L+M silages exhibited higher (P<0.05) dry matter, and M silage showed higher residual water-soluble carbohydrates than the control. Ensiling increased (P<0.05) the in vitro dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability of TBL. Among the silages, M silage had the highest levels of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability. The obtained results suggested that application of lactic acid bacteria together with 3% molasses could be an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence of ethanol fermentation and improve fermentation quality of TBL silage; addition of fermentable sugars to TBL improves nutrient availability to ruminants.

Fiber degradability, chemical composition and conservation characteristics of alfalfa haylage ensiled with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lynch ◽  
D. Prema ◽  
J. D. Van Hamme ◽  
J. S. Church ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ferulic Acid Esterase ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Lynch, J. P., Prema, D., Van Hamme, J. D., Church, J. S. and Beauchemin, K. A. 2014. Fiber degradability, chemical composition and conservation characteristics of alfalfa haylage ensiled with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 697–704. This study investigated the effects of two fibrolytic enzyme products, applied at baling alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the ensilage dynamics, chemical composition and digestibility of alfalfa haylage. Five replicate wrapped bales were produced with one of five treatments, including an untreated control, and one of two fibrolytic enzyme products (EN1 and EN2) applied either alone or in combination with a ferulic-acid producing bacterial additive (FAEI). No effect of treatment was observed on the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P=0.889) or acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P=0.065) concentrations of haylage after ensilage, but haylage produced using fibrolytic enzyme products underwent greater (P<0.018) increases in temperature following exposure to aerobic conditions. Haylages produced with fibrolytic enzyme products had a greater (P<0.001) in vitro NDF degradability (NDFD) than untreated haylage. The use of fibrolytic enzymes applied to alfalfa haylage at ensiling increased the NDFD, despite minimal effects on the chemical composition of the herbage. However, the greater aerobic deterioration of fibrolytic enzyme-treated bales indicates higher dry matter losses during aerobic exposure. The use of FAEI with fibrolytic enzymes did not further enhance the effects of fibrolytic-enzyme treatments.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize fertilized with synthetic fertilizer or digestate and harvested at two maturity stages in Boreal growing conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Shaimaa Selim ◽  
Seija Jaakkola ◽  
Pirjo S.A. Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer

Maize cultivation for silage could be a sustainable option in Boreal conditions, especially when combined with nutrient recycling. Effects of digestate (sludge from biogas of domestic origin) application in comparison with synthetic fertilizer and two maturity stages on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize were investigated. Starch, neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and digestible organic matter (DOM) contents of maize did not differ in response to the two fertilizer treatments. However, starch, DOM and metabolizable energy of maize increased, while ash, crude protein and WSC contents decreased with increasing maize maturity. Heavy metals in maize fertilized with digestate remained low. The results indicate that whole-crop maize fertilized with digestate and harvested at 150 days after sowing is a promising feed and has good nutritive value, even in Boreal conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and extreme climatic events on forage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation in permanent grassland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 4841-4853
Author(s):  
Vincent Niderkorn ◽  
Annette Morvan-Bertrand ◽  
Aline Le Morvan ◽  
Angela Augusti ◽  
Marie-Laure Decau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in botanical and chemical composition, as well as in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of an upland grassland exposed to climate changes in controlled CO2 concentration, air temperature and precipitation conditions. Grassland was exposed to a future climate scenario coupled with CO2 treatments (390 and 520 ppm) from the beginning of spring. During summer, an extreme climatic event (ECE; 2 weeks of a +6 ∘C increase in temperature, together with severe drought) was applied and then followed by a recovery period. Three cutting dates were considered, i.e. in April, June and November. The results indicate that increases in greenness, nitrogen (N) content and changes in water-soluble carbohydrate profile in association with botanical composition changes for the November cut lead to higher in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) in the rumen. The neutral detergent fiber : nitrogen (NDF:N) ratio appeared to be a key driver of forage quality, which was affected in opposite ways by elevated CO2 and ECE, with a strong impact on rumen fermentation. Atmospheric CO2 concentration in interaction with ECE tended to affect IVDMD, indicating that the effects of elevated CO2 and ECE may partly offset each other. Our findings indicate that the various factors of climate change need to be considered together in order to properly characterize their effects on forage quality and use by ruminants.

scholarly journals Assessing the nutritional value of agroindustrial co-products and feed through chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and gas production technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Martins Olivo ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Junior ◽  
Eduardo Souza Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Citrus Pulp

Agroindustrial co-products are a viable alternative for use in animal nutrition. Tests were conducted using eight different types of co-products and feed to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, and gas production by them. The co-products tested were: coffee hulls; pelleted citrus pulp; grape residue; soybean hulls; cottonseed; cassava foliage; and foods usually supplied to ruminants: corn silage and ground corn concentrate. Data of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were tested by analysis of variance using the least square method; the results of gas production were interpreted by a non-linear regression by the Gauss-Newton method; and the effects of treatments were evaluated by the Tukey’s test. The coefficients of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of co-products were different. Gas production was also different between co-products and feeds evaluated for the volume of gas produced from the fast and slow degradation fractions, degradation rate, bacterial colonization time, and the total volume of gas produced. The evaluated co-products exhibited greater in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to corn silage, except for cottonseed, grape residue, and cassava foliage. Co-products showed higher values of in vitro crude protein digestibility compared to corn silage, and a reduced in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, except for pelleted citrus pulp and soybean hulls. Corn silage produced larger volume of gas from the fast degradation fraction compared to the co-products and corn concentrate. Co-products analyzed had appropriate nutritional characteristics according to the techniques applied and can be included in ruminant diets. 

Chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seguin and A. F. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Kura Clover ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
True Protein

Kura clover is a perennial rhizomatous forage legume mainly used for grazing in permanent pastures. A study was conducted to determine the ensiling potential of Kura clover by comparing the chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled forage of two cultivars (Cossack and Endura). Ensiling characteristics were determined by ensiling forages in mini-silos for 50 d. Ruminal nutrient degradabilities of fresh and ensiled forages were determined by the nylon bag technique using two lactating cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. Results showed that silages of both cultivars were well preserved as indicated by low pH and high lactic acid concentration. Cultivar had little effect on the chemical composition of Kura clover silage. However, ensiling increased (P < 0.05) soluble protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and reduced (P < 0.05) neutral and acid detergent insoluble protein fractions. Ensiling increased NPN and reduced true protein by 87 and 29%, respectively. Results of the in situ study indicated that cultivar had no effect on effective ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), an d neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Relative to fresh forage, ensiled Kura clover had similar effective ruminal degradability of DM (712 g kg-1 of DM) and NDF (417 g kg-1 of NDF) but a higher (P < 0.05) effective ruminal degradability of CP (806 vs. 725 g kg-1 of CP). It was concluded that Kura clover may be preserved as silage with minimal alterations in forage quality. These findings will increase the acceptability of Kura clover by widening possible utilizations. Key words: Forage quality, Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.), protein fractions, ruminal degradability, silage

scholarly journals Forage legumes included in diets with tropical grasses. I. Chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Abner A. Rodríguez ◽  
Ernesto O. Riquelme ◽  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of including legume species (Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Centrosema pubescens Benth or Neonotonia wightii) at levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% of the dry matter on the chemical composition (crude protein, CP neutral detergent fiber, NDF; acid detergent fiber, ADF) and on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of mixtures of each legume with four grass species (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst, Panicum maximum jacq., Pennisetum purpureum Schum., or Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Of the legume species included, Leucaena leucocephala and Centrosema pubescens had the highest CP content and IVDMD, respectively. For the legumes, the mean CP and IVDMD values, respectively, were Leucaena leucocephala, 21.98 and 68.09; Stylosanthes guianensis, 13.70 and 63.44; Centrosema pubescens, 18.29 and 68.60; and Neonotonia wightii, 16.72 and 66.64%. For the grasses, they were, respectively, Cynodon nlemfuensis, 8.27 and 61.38; Panicum maximum, 7.64 and 60.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 8.02 and 53.47; and Sorghum bicolor, 7.57 and 59.62%. Neutral detergent fiber and ADF contents were higher in the grasses (Cynodon nlemfuensis, 73.03 and 44.45; Panicum maximum, 65.27 and 49.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 69.26 and 51.88; and Sorghum bicolor, 60.24 and 50.99%, respectively) than in the fegumes (Leucaena leucocephala, 50.52 and 28.50; Stylosanthes guianensis, 52.57 and 36.63; Centrosema pubescens, 58.43 and 34.84; and Neonotonia wightii, 54.11 and 33.23%, respectively). The chemical composition of the forages varied according to the relative proportions of the species included, as expected. However, the effects on IVDMD were not additive; rather, associative effects, mainly antagonistic, were observed in most of the mixtures.

scholarly journals Use of near-infrared spectroscopy for prediction of chemical composition of Tifton 85 grass

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1287-1302
Author(s):  
Camila Cano Serafim ◽  
◽  
Geisi Loures Guerra ◽  
Ivone Yurika Mizubuti ◽  
Filipe Alexandre Boscaro de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Data Set

The reduction in the quality, consumption, and digestibility of forage can cause a decrease in animal performance, resulting in losses to the rural producer. Thus, it is important to monitor these characteristics in forage plants to devise strategies or practices that optimize production systems. The aim of this study was to develop and validate prediction models using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the chemical composition of Tifton 85 grass. Samples of green grass, its morphological structures (whole plant, leaf blade, stem + sheath, and senescent material) and hay, totaling 105 samples were used. Conventional chemical analysis was performed to determine the content of oven-dried samples (ODS), mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose (CEL), hemicellulose (HEM), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Subsequently, all the samples were scanned using a Vis-NIR spectrometer to collect spectral data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the data set, and modified partial least squares was used to correlate reference values to spectral data. The coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.74, 0.85, 0.98, 0.75, 0.85, 0.71, 0.82, 0.77, and 0.93, and the ratio of performance deviations (RPD) obtained were 1.99, 2.71, 6.46, 2.05, 2.58, 3.84, 1.86, 2.35, 2.09, and 3.84 for ODS, MM, CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, CEL, HEM, and IVDMD, respectively. The prediction models obtained, in general, were considered to be of excellent quality, and demonstrated that the determination of the chemical composition of Tifton 85 grass can be performed using NIRS technology, replacing conventional analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document