Fusarium SPECIES ISOLATED FROM WHEAT SAMPLES CONTAINING TOMBSTONE (SCAB) KERNELS FROM ONTARIO, MANITOBA, AND SASKATCHEWAN

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. CLEAR ◽  
S. K. PATRICK
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Growing Conditions

The Fusarium spp. associated with samples of wheat seed containing tombstone kernels were identified for 454 samples collected in 1986 and 1987, representing six wheat classes from three provinces. The results indicate that the frequencies and distribution of the 13 species isolated were influenced by geographic location, growing conditions and wheat class. In 1986 and 1987, F. graminearum infected the most seeds and samples of Ontario-grown wheats. It was also the most frequently recovered species from Manitoba wheats in 1986, but was absent from the Saskatchewan wheats. In 1987, F. avenaceum was isolated from the greatest percentage of seeds from Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The greatest percentage of Manitoba samples in 1986 and 1987 were infected by F. sporotrichioides whereas F. acuminatum infected the most Saskatchewan samples. Only F. graminearum infected more than 7% of the seeds of any sample of Canada Western Red Spring, Canada Prairie Spring, Canada Eastern White Winter, Canada Eastern Red Winter, or Canada Eastern Red Spring class of wheat (to a maximum of 52%), whereas five species (F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) exceeded that level in one or more samples of the Canada Western Amber Durum class. The other seven Fusarium spp. (F. compactum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. pallidoroseum, and F. subglutinans) combined accounted for <5% of isolates. Overall, the lowest frequency of Fusarium spp. was found in the Canada Western Red Spring class of wheats, and the highest in the Canada Western Amber Durum class.Key words: Fusarium, wheat, disease, graminearum, avenaceum, scab

Fusarium species associated with wheat in Victoria

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Unrecorded Species

Wheat roots and seeds were examined for Fusarium species during surveys in 1970 and 1971. Fusarium spp. were commonly isolated from root lesions, especially those on older plants, but seldom from seed. However, frequency of isolation from seed was increased by using a selective medium containing pentachloro-nitrobenaene. Fourteen species, including eleven not previously recorded on wheat in Victoria, were identified, Previously recorded species were: F. culmorum, F. equiseti and F. graminearum. Previously unrecorded species were : F. arthrosporioides, F. avenaceum, F. camptoceras, F. chlamydosporum, F. concolor, F. oxysporum, F. poae, F. sambucinum var. coeruleum, F. semitectum, F. sporotrichioides and F. trichothecioides. The commonest were the weakly pathogenic species F. avenaceum, F. equseti and F. oxysporum. The strongly pathogenic species F. graminearum, was seldo isolated and the other strongly pathogenic species, F. culmorum, was common only in the Southern cereal district.

Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with oat in southwestern Ontario, Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tamburic-Ilincic
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Performance Trial

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph: Gibberella zeae Schwein. Petch] is the predominant Fusarium species pathogenic to wheat, barley and corn in Ontario and produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in grain. The first objective of this study was to determine the Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin concentrations (DON, HT-2, and T-2) from commercial oat (Avena sativa L.) fields grown in the same area as wheat, corn and barley in Ontario. The second objective was to measure DON level across cultivars grown in the Ontario Performance Trial (OPT) after spray-inoculation with F. graminearum. Fusarium sporotrichioides, F. graminearum and F. poae were the predominant species identified in oat. The highest level of DON in commercial oat fields were 0.3, 0.1, 0.2 and 1.2 ppm in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The highest concentrations of HT-2, and T-2 in 2006 were 0.5 and 0.2 ppm, respectively, whereas the levels in 2007 were both under 0.2 ppm. The relatively low level of DON in commercial oat fields confirmed that oat is in general less affected with F. graminearum than other cereals. However, this study supports the importance of monitoring Fusarium spp. and concentrations of mycotoxins in oat in Ontario, especially during growing conditions, as experienced in 2008, which favored Fusarium infection and DON accumulation. Differences in percent of Fusarium spp. infected kernels and DON level (ppm) were identified amongst the cultivars in the OPT in naturally infected oat samples and after inoculation, respectively. Key words: Oat, Fusarium spp., mycotoxins

scholarly journals Effects of Antagonists on Mycotoxins of Seedborne Fusarium spp. in Sweet Corn

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Mary E. Ridout ◽  
Bruce Godfrey ◽  
George Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Pichia Membranifaciens ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
F1 Cross

Fusarium species coexist as toxigenic, systemic pathogens in sweet corn seed production in southwestern Idaho, USA. We hypothesized that fungal antagonists of seedborne Fusarium would differentially alter production of Fusarium mycotoxins directly and/or systemically. We challenged the Fusarium complex by in vitro antagonism trials and in situ silk and seed inoculations with fungal antagonists. Fungal antagonists reduced growth and sporulation of Fusarium species in vitro from 40.5% to as much as 100%. Pichia membranifaciens and Penicillium griseolum reduced fumonisin production by F. verticillioides by 73% and 49%, respectively, while P. membranifaciens and a novel Penicillium sp. (WPT) reduced fumonisins by F. proliferatum 56% and 78%, respectively. In situ, pre-planting inoculation of seeds with Penicillium WPT systemically increased fumonisins in the resulting crop. Morchella snyderi applied to silks of an F1 cross systemically reduced deoxynivalenol by 47% in mature seeds of the F2. Antagonists failed to suppress Fusarium in mature kernels following silk inoculations, although the ratio of F. verticillioides to total Fusarium double with some inoculants. Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations in sweet corn seed change systemically, as well as locally, in response to the presence of fungal antagonists, although in Fusarium presence in situ was not changed.

Biomonitoring of Fusarium spp. Mycotoxins: Perspectives for an Individual Exposure Assessment Tool

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cano-Sancho ◽  
S. Marin ◽  
A.J. Ramos ◽  
V. Sanchis
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Individual Exposure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Current Exposure

Fusarium species are probably the most prevalent toxin-producing fungi of the northern temperate regions and are commonly found on cereals grown in the temperate regions of America, Europe and Asia. Among the toxins formed by Fusarium we find trichothecenes of the A-type or B-type, zearalenone, fumonisins or nivalenol. The current exposure assessment consists of the qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation based on the knowledge of the mycotoxin occurrence in the food and the dietary habits of the population. This process permits quantifying the mycotoxin dietary intake through deterministic or probabilistic methods. Although these methods are suitable to assess the exposure of populations to contaminants and to identify risk groups, they are not recommended to evaluate the individual exposition, due to a low accuracy and sensitivity. On the contrary, the use of biochemical indicators has been proposed as a suitable method to assess individual exposure to contaminants. In this work, several techniques to biomonitor the exposure to fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone or T-2 toxin have been reviewed.

In Vitro Binding of Zearalenone to Different Adsorbents

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANTE J. BUENO ◽  
LILIANA DI MARCO ◽  
GUILLERMO OLIVER ◽  
ALICIA BARDÓN
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Binding ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Vitro Binding ◽  
Dose Levels

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Fusarium species. No treatment has been successfully employed to get rid of the ZEA contained in foods. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability (adsorptive power) of five adsorbents—activated carbon, bentonite, talc, sandstone, and calcium sulfate—to trap ZEA in vitro. Activated carbon was the best adsorbent, binding 100% ZEA (pH 3 and 7.3) at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% dose levels. Bentonite, talc, and calcium sulfate were less efficient than activated carbon but still could bind ZEA to some extent. On the other hand, sandstone was inactive in the experimental conditions employed. Our results indicate that activated carbon could be a good candidate for detoxification of ZEA present in foods.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Pathogenicity of Fusarium circinatum and other Fusarium Species in Polish Provenances of P. sylvestris L.

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Davydenko ◽  
Justyna Nowakowska ◽  
Tomasz Kaluski ◽  
Magdalena Gawlak ◽  
Katarzyna Sadowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Unintentional Introduction ◽  
Different Levels

The fungal pathogen Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), a disease which seriously affects different species of pine in forests and nurseries worldwide. In Europe, the fungus affects pines in northern Spain and Portugal, and it has also been detected in France and Italy. Here, we report the findings of the first trial investigating the susceptibility of Polish provenances of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., to infection by F. circinatum. In a greenhouse experiment, 16 Polish provenances of Scots pine were artificially inoculated with F. circinatum and with six other Fusarium species known to infect pine seedlings in nurseries. All pines proved highly susceptible to PPC and displayed different levels of susceptibility to the other Fusarium spp. tested. The findings obtained indicate the potentially strong threat of establishment of an invasive pathogen such as F. circinatum following unintentional introduction into Poland.

scholarly journals Incidence of leaf rot disease in relation to root (wilt) in young coconut palms and fungi in lamina and petiole lesions

CORD ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
N. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Exserohilum Rostratum ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Leaf Rot

Coconut leaf rot in association with root (wilt) is widespread in southern districts of Kerala, India. The disease complex has spread to northern districts of the state and also adjacent districts in Tamil Nadu. Where as the root (wilt) is a systemic infection (due to phytoplasma) the leaf rot is a foliar syndrome due to fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Exserohilum rostratum, Fusarium spp.). Occurrence of leaf rot has been related to the incidence of root (wilt) and its appearance in young palms remained a matter of contention as to which disease precedes the other. Leaf rot lesions do occur on leaf petiole/mid-vein/mid-rib even as the disease lesions are known to be common on lamina (spindles). Investigations brought out that in majority of leaf rot affected young palms (2-5 years old) the flaccidity symptom of root (wilt) could be also discerned. In lesser number of affected palms, the other symptoms of root (wilt), yellowing and marginal necrosis, were also visible. As such, in 88.5% of leaf rot affected young palms one or the other symptom of root (wilt) has been recorded irrespective of season. C. gloeosporioides, E. rostratum and other fungi were found both in lamina and petiole lesions in different months. C. gloeosporioides was detected from petiole and lamina tissues in all the months, followed by E. rostratum, Fusarium spp. etc. C. gloeosporioides was isolated from these parts in more numbers and consistently during January-December. E. rostratum appeared erratically. Aggressiveness of C. gloeosporioides during months of wet season was confirmed. Fusarium spp. was isolated predominantly from these parts in dry months (January-May). Knowledge on occurrence of leaf rot in young palms in relation to root (wilt) and dynamics of leaf rot pathogens in leaf parts among months/seasons of year (in inoculums build-up, spread and dissemination) are important in the context of integrated management of root (wilt)-leaf rot complex.

scholarly journals Current Classification and Diversity of Fusarium Species Complex, the Causal Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Banana in Malaysia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1955
Author(s):  
Anysia Hedy Ujat ◽  
Ganesan Vadamalai ◽  
Yukako Hattori ◽  
Chiharu Nakashima ◽  
Clement Kiing Fook Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum Species Complex

The re-emergence of the Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium odoratissimum (F. odoratissimum) causes global banana production loss. Thirty-eight isolates of Fusarium species (Fusarium spp.) were examined for morphological characteristics on different media, showing the typical Fusarium spp. The phylogenetic trees of Fusarium isolates were generated using the sequences of histone gene (H3) and translation elongation factor gene (TEF-1α). Specific primers were used to confirm the presence of F. odoratissimum. The phylogenetic trees showed the rich diversity of the genus Fusarium related to Fusarium wilt, which consists of F. odoratissimum, Fusarium grosmichelii, Fusarium sacchari, and an unknown species of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex. By using Foc-TR4 specific primers, 27 isolates were confirmed as F. odoratissimum. A pathogenicity test was conducted for 30 days on five different local cultivars including, Musa acuminata (AAA, AA) and Musa paradisiaca (AAB, ABB). Although foliar symptoms showed different severity of those disease progression, vascular symptoms of the inoculated plantlet showed that infection was uniformly severe. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Fusarium oxysporum species complex related to Fusarium wilt of banana in Malaysia is rich in diversity, and F. odoratissimum has pathogenicity to local banana cultivars in Malaysia regardless of the genotype of the banana plants.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF A MONOALKYL BENZENE SULPHONATE COMPLEX

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Taber ◽  
B. B. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Active Component ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Household Detergent ◽  
Fungi Imperfecti

The antimicrobial activities of a branched, monoalkyl benzene sulphonate complex (ABS), the active component of a commercial liquid household detergent, and of the detergent have been investigated. Cultures of dermatophytes, Candida albicans, saprophytic phycomycetes, ascomycetes, fungi imperfecti, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested. Only the Fusarium species and the Gram-negative bacteria were not inhibited by a concentration of 0.1 ml of the detergent/50 ml medium. Microgram quantities of ABS inhibited the Gram-positive bacteria and the fungi except Fusarium spp. ABS was lethal in microgram quantities, the effect being detectable within 30 minutes. Inhibition of exogenous respiration of glucose by C. albicans began upon contact and was complete within 50 minutes. A linear and biodegradable ABS was more active than the branched form against C. albicans.

Genetic diversity and potential inoculum sources of Fusarium species causing cankers in bareroot-propagated almond trees in California nurseries

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Justine Stack ◽  
Stephen Mark Marek ◽  
Thomas Gordon ◽  
Richard M. Bostock
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Fusarium Acuminatum ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Rotation Crops

Previous research determined that Fusarium acuminatum and Fusarium avenaceum are important causal agents of a canker disease in bareroot-propagated fruit and nut trees in California that emerges during cold-storage or after transplanting. The disease largely disappeared after 2001, but it reemerged in 2011 in almond trees in at least one nursery. This motivated further study of the etiology and epidemiology of the disease by undertaking studies to determine distribution of the pathogens throughout almond nursery propagation systems and trace possible sources of inoculum. Research initiated in 2013 detected pathogenic Fusarium spp. throughout the almond propagation system, including in healthy trees, in soils, on wheat rotation crops, on equipment, and in the cold storage facility air. In addition to the two Fusarium spp. implicated previously, Fusarium brachygibbosum and a new Fusarium species, Fusarium californicum, were found to be pathogenic on almond trees. Multi-locus sequence typing and somatic compatibility testing confirmed that isolates within a species collected from different materials in the nursery were all highly genetically similar and likely of one clonal lineage. These findings affirm that equipment surfaces, wheat rotation crops, soil, cold storage facility air, and asymptomatic almond tree materials (i.e., rootstock cuttings, budwood, and scions) can potentially contribute inoculum to increase disease prevalence and severity.

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