Forage corn dry-matter yields and N uptake as affected by previous legumes and N fertilizer

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Théophile Paré ◽  
François-P. Chalifour ◽  
Josée Bourassa ◽  
Hani Antoun
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Whole Plants

Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 on a Rivière-du-Loup sandy gravelly loam (Ferro-Humic Podzol) at St-Anselme and on a Chaloupe silty loam (Orthic Humic Gleysol) at Deschambault in Eastern Quebec. In monoculture, or following a legume, corn (Zea mays L.) Pioneer 3979 was fertilized with 0, 50, 100 or 150 kg N ha−1, and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Outlook and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Maple Amber received 20 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3. In 1987, the whole-plant dry-matter yields (DMY) of corn increased linearly with the supply of N at St-Anselme and Deschambault. The stover and whole-plant N uptake, also increased linearly with the N levels at both locations, but the supply of N had no effect on the ear N uptake. In 1988, at St-Anselme and at Deschambault, the ear, stover and whole-plant DMY of plants not receiving N and following faba bean were significantly higher than those in monoculture or following soybean and not fertilized with N; these differences between previous crops were more evident at St-Anselme than at Deschambault. At both locations, the DMY of the stover, ears and whole plants of corn were more responsive to the increased N levels following soybean or corn. At both locations, the N uptake of corn following faba bean did not increase with the N levels in contrast to corn following corn or soybean. The N-fertilizer replacement values (NFRV) for soybean (on the basis of corn DMY) were negligible or lower than 0 kg N ha−1 at both locations. At St-Anselme, the values for faba bean were higher than 150 kg N ha−1, but averaged 32 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault (DMY basis). On the basis of corn N uptake, the NFRV of faba bean ranged from 92 kg N ha−1 for ears and was higher than 150 kg N ha−1 for whole plants at St-Anselme, and varied from 37 kg N ha−1 for stover to 44 kg N ha−1 for ears at Deschambault.Key words: Previous crop, forage corn, soybean, faba bean, N-fertilizer replacement value

Residual effects of faba bean and soybean for a second or third succeeding forage-corn production

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Théophile Paré ◽  
François P. Chalifour ◽  
Josée Bourassa ◽  
Hani Antoun
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Silty Loam

Many studies have been conducted on the effects of annual legumes on subsequent corn production but they rarely extended beyond a second succeeding crop. We have therefore conducted field experiments on a sandy gravelly loam at St-Anselme and on a silty loam at Deschambault in eastern Quebec to determine the residual effects of (i) faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) on a third succeeding corn (Zea mays L.) crop and (ii) 2 consecutive years of these legumes on a second subsequent corn crop. In monoculture or following legumes, corn was fertilized with 0, 50, 100 or 150 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3. The corn stover and whole-plant dry matter yields (DMY), and the ear and whole-plant N uptake were higher following faba bean grown 3 years earlier than in monoculture at both locations. At Deschambault, the stover DMY of second subsequent corn following 2 consecutive years of faba bean did not vary with the N application. At both locations, the DMY, N concentrations and N uptake of second subsequent corn were higher after 2 consecutive years of faba bean than after other previous crop sequences. Two consecutive years of soybean had significant effects on the DMY and N uptake of a second subsequent corn crop with N application at Deschambault. At both locations, the N-fertilizer replacement values (NFRV) of soybean were lower or equal to 0 kg N ha−1. The NFRV (DMY and N uptake bases) of faba bean grown three years earlier and of 2 consecutive years of this pulse varied widely between locations. Key words: Corn, faba bean, soybean, residual N, crop sequence, rotation effects

Forage-corn production and N-fertilizer replacement values following 1 or 2 years of legumes

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Théophile Paré ◽  
François P. Chalifour ◽  
Josée Bourassa ◽  
Hani Antoun
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Crop Sequence

The costs of N fertilizer and concern for sustainable agriculture have led to renewed interest in the use of legumes as a source of N for succeeding non-legume crops. In this regard, field experiments were conducted in 1987,1988 and 1989 on a Rivière-du-Loup sandy gravelly loam (Ferro-Humic Podzol) at St-Anselme and on a Chaloupe silty loam (Orthic Humic Gleysol) at Deschambault in eastern Quebec, Canada, to determine the effects of 1 or 2 years of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Outlook and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Maple Amber on subsequent forage-corn (Zea mays L.) Pioneer 3979 dry matter yields (DMY) and N uptake, and the N-fertilizer replacement values (NFRV) of the different crop sequences. Corn in monoculture or following a legume was fertilized with 0, 50, 100 or 150 kg N ha−1, and legumes received 20 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3. In 1989, at both locations, the DMY and N uptake of forage corn in monoculture or following 2 consecutive years of soybean, or subsequent to soybean and faba bean grown 2 years previously, increased linearly with N application. After 2 consecutive years of faba bean, the DMY were not affected by increasing fertilization, but the N uptake generally increased proportionally to N application. The estimated NFRV (on a DMY basis) after 2 consecutive years of faba bean varied from 60 to 125 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme, and from 100 to 110 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for the ears and stover, respectively. The NFRV estimated for the same cropping sequence varied from 122 to 129 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme and from 104 to 131 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault, for the stover and ears, respectively, on the basis of N uptake. For 2 consecutive years of soybean, it averaged 14 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme and 33 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault, on the basis of the DMY; when based on the N uptake, the NFRV of 2 consecutive years of soybean varied from 14 to 21 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme and from 0 to 15 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for the stover and ears, respectively. The average NFRV (based on the DMY) for faba bean grown 2 years previously were 17 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme but NFRV varied from 0 to 16 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for stover and ears, respectively; on the basis of N uptake, the NFRV for the same crop sequence averaged 24 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme, but varied from 0 to 15 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for the stover and ears, respectively. Key words: Corn, faba bean, soybean, crop sequence, N fertilization

scholarly journals Nitrogen recovery and dry matter production of silage maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by subsurface band application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Van Dijk ◽  
G. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Negative Effect

In 1991-94 the effects of subsurface band application of mineral N fertilizer on the N recovery and dry matter (DM) yield of silage maize were studied in nine field experiments on sandy and clay soils in the Netherlands. In the early crop stages and especially in the clay soil experiments, banded N had a significant negative effect on the N uptake and DM yield compared to broadcast N, possibly due to salt damage. At final harvest, however, banding significantly increased the N uptake and DM yield in most of the experiments. The apparent N recovery increased by circa 20-25% (absolute). The positive effects indicated that band application improved the efficiency of the N fertilizer. It could be calculated that banding allowed a reduction in the N rate of 20-30% without significant effects on the N uptake and DM yield of the silage maize. Benefits of banding were positively (P

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY PLACEMENT OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. BULLEN ◽  
R. J. SOPER ◽  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Glycine Max L

Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted on Southern Manitoba soils, low in available soil phosphorus, to investigate the effects of various placement methods and levels of phosphorus fertilizer on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill ’Maple Presto’). It was found that soybean responded well to applied phosphorus on low-P soil in growth chamber studies. In the first growth chamber experiment, P was applied in solution to 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 1% of the total soil volume. Dry matter yields, total phosphorus uptake and utilization of fertilizer P increased at each level of applied P as the size of the phosphated band was decreased. The results were partly attributed to greater chemical availability of P in the smaller zones of P fertilizer reaction. In a second growth chamber experiment, soybeans responded differently to phosphorus banded in six different locations. Placement of the fertilizer 2.5 cm directly below the seed was more effective in increasing dry matter yield, total phosphorus uptake and fertilizer P utilization than placement 2.5 cm and 5 cm away at the same depth or placement 5 cm below the seed, whether the band was directly below, 2.5 cm away or 5 cm away. Soybean yield responses in the field were greatest with P banded 2.5 cm directly below the seed on low-P soils. Placement of P 2.5 cm below the seed resulted in grain yields that were 64% and 50% higher (at the two sites) than those obtained in control plots. Sidebanding P, 2.5 cm below and 2.5 cm away from the seed at the same level of application, improved grain yields of control plots by 40% and 39%. Seed placement and broadcast applications of P were not as effective in increasing grain yields. Broadcasting P in fall or in spring at rates of up to 52.38 kg P/ha did not result in significantly higher grain yields than those obtained in control plots. Placement of P in contact with the seed appeared to reduce seedling emergence, resulting in depressed yields when 52.38 kg P/ha were applied. Key words: Glycine max L. Merrill, ’Maple Presto’

scholarly journals Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Quiñones ◽  
Rodrigo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cutting Height

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.

scholarly journals Intercropping of Faba Bean with Barley at Various Spatial Arrangements Affects Dry Matter and N Yield, Nitrogen Nutrition Index, and Interspecific Competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1116-1127
Author(s):  
Christos A. DORDAS ◽  
Anastasios S. LITHOURGIDIS ◽  
Kalliopi GALANOPOULOU
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
N Yield

Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crop species on the same area of land, and can improve yield, forage quality, and soil health. Despite the fact that intercropping is an old practice, it received significant attention the last years because of the environmental impact that it has. However, the effect of the various spatial arrangements of the different species that are used in an intercropping system was not determined. The objective of the present study was to study the yield, growth and nitrogen (N) uptake rate, N nutrition index (NNI) of barley, interspecific competition, quality and financial outcome of intercrops of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. equina) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with various spatial arrangements (1:1, 2:2, 2:1 alternate rows, and mixed in the same row). The land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (K), actual yield loss (AYL) and system productivity index (SPI) values were greater for the FB:B intercrop of 2:1, indicating the advantage of intercropping in terms of dry matter and N yield. Sole cropping of barley showed a reduction in NNI by 7 %, whereas NNI for barley increased by an average of 14% in intercropping treatments. Based on biomass production and the competition indices for dry matter and N yield, and NNI the FB:B intercrop of 2:1 was more advantageous than faba bean and barley monocrops, as well as the other intercropping treatments that were tested.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

Triticale out-performs wheat on range of UK soils with a similar nitrogen requirement

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. ROQUES ◽  
D. R. KINDRED ◽  
S. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk ◽  
N Rates

SUMMARYTriticale has a reputation for performing well on poor soils, under drought and with reduced inputs, but there has been little investigation of its performance on the better yielding soils dominated by wheat production. The present paper reports 16 field experiments comparing wheat and triticale yield responses to nitrogen (N) fertilizer on high-yielding soils in the UK in harvest years 2009–2014. Each experiment included at least two wheat and at least two triticale varieties, grown at five or six N fertilizer rates from 0 to at least 260 kg N/ha. Linear plus exponential curves were fitted to describe the yield response to N and to calculate economically optimal N rates. Normal type curves with depletion were used to describe protein responses to N. Whole crop samples from selected treatments were taken prior to harvest to measure crop biomass, harvest index, crop N content and yield components. At commercial N rates, mean triticale yield was higher than the mean wheat yield at 13 out of 16 sites; the mean yield advantage of triticale was 0·53 t/ha in the first cereal position and 1·26 t/ha in the second cereal position. Optimal N requirement varied with variety at ten of the 16 sites, but there was no consistent difference between the optimal N rates of wheat and triticale. Triticale grain had lower protein content and lower specific weight than wheat grain. Triticale typically showed higher biomass and straw yields, lower harvest index and higher total N uptake than wheat. Consequently, triticale had higher N uptake efficiency and higher N use efficiency. Based on this study, current N fertilizer recommendations for triticale in the UK are too low, as are national statistics and expectations of triticale yields. The implications of these findings for arable cropping and cereals markets in the UK and Northern Europe are discussed, and the changes which would need to occur to allow triticale to fulfil a role in achieving sustainable intensification are explored.

Soybean nitrogen contribution to corn and residual nitrate under conventional tillage and no-till

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Rembon ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Tillage Method

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) can produce high-N residues that may benefit subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) production, but the degree of benefit is often unpredictable and may be related to tillage methods. This study investigated the effects of conventional-tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) on fertilizer replacement values for corn in a corn-soybean rotation. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons on two soils, a Ste. Rosalie clay (Humic Gleysol), and an Ormstown silty clay (Humic Gleysol). Continuous corn, corn following soybean, soybean following corn, continuous soybean, and three levels of fertilizer N (0, 90, 180 and 0, 20, and 40 kg N ha−1 for corn and soybean, respectively) were compared. Tillage did not effect yield or N uptake consistently. Corn grain yields and N uptake were greater following soybean than following corn. Soybean provided N fertilizer credits ranging from 40 to 150 kg N ha−1, which was greater than the residual NO3 in the soil prior to planting. Credits were greater in the year with higher corn yields and lower previous winter precipitation resulting in greater NO3 carryover. Tillage effects on N credits from soybean differed between the sites. Consequently, N contributions of soybean to corn could not be related to tillage method or soil type. Key words:Zea mays L., Glycine max L. Merill, rotations, grain yield, N uptake, tillage, fertilizer N

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization of a High Yielding White-Kernel Corn in Oxisols and Ultisols in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 336-343
Author(s):  
H. Talleyrand ◽  
R. H. Fox ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Grain Yields

Field experiments with a high-yielding white-kernel hybrid corn. Funk's G-795W, were conducted on four typical soils of Puerto Rico: two Oxisols (Bayamón sandy loam at Manatí and Catalina clay at Barranquitas) and two Ultisols (Humatas clay at Corozal and Torres clay at Cidra). The main objectives of this study were to determine the yield potential and the optimum level of N fertilizer for this hybrid in these soils. Auxiliary objectives were to determine the N supplying power of these soils and the apparent recovery of fertilizer N by the crop. High corn yields (8.4 tons/ha) were obtained on the Humatas clay with 60 to 120 kg/ha of N fertilizer. Only 5.4 tons/ha of corn were obtained on Bayamón sandy loam at the same rate of fertilization. Apparent N recoveries were 60 to 72% at these rates. Grain/stover ratios averaged 1.20 on Humatas and only 0.72 on Bayamón. The low grain/stover ratio and the lower grain yields at this site probably could be attributed to late planting and the damage done to the plants by Helminthosporium maydis. There were no yield or N uptake responses to applied N fertilizer on the nonirrigated Catalina and Torres soils. A severe drought reduced stover yields to less than half of those of the irrigated treatments. Maximum nonirrigated grain yields on these soils (4.8 tons/ha) were well below the 8.3 tons/ha obtained on Humatas. The N supplying power of these soils was enough to provide 70 to 90 kg/ha of plant N.

Effects of soil drought during the generative development phase on seed yield and nutrient uptake of faba bean (Vicia faba)

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Xia
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
K Concentration

The effects of periods of drought during different phases of reproductive growth of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cv. Xichang Dabai were investigated in a pot experiment at Xichang Agricultural College, China. Parameters were total dry matter; seed yield; yield components; concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; and total uptake in different organs. All drought treatments decreased total dry matter production and seed yield per plant. Plants subjected to drought from initiation of pod-set to full pod-set (stage D4) produced 32% less total dry matter and 45% less seed yield than the irrigated control. Mean seed weight was a relatively stable yield component. Statistical analysis indicated that only plants subjected to drought at stages D4 and D5 (drought from full pod-set to maturity) had a significantly (P < 0·05) lower mean seed weight than the control. The nutrient concentration was generally high in the younger or more active organs of faba bean, and comparing the nutrients, the N concentration in leaves, stems, flowers, pods, and grain was greatest, followed by K concentration, and P concentration was least. All soil drought treatments decreased the nutrient concentration in various organs after 17–19 days of drought. However, the decreases at maturity were less clear, except the nutrient concentrations in stems and leaves. Water deficit significantly decreased total grain nutrients per plant, the decreases being 34–45% for N uptake, 34–47% for P uptake, and 33–46% for K uptake. Simple linear correlations with the P and K concentration in leaves at maturity and number of pods and seeds per plant gave a correlation coefficient (r) of 0·804–0·874.

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