CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC MATTER EXTRACTED FROM PODZOL B HORIZONS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SCHNITZER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Ring Structures ◽  
Radical Content ◽  
Stable Free Radicals ◽  
Stem Segments

Organic matter was extracted from Podzol B horizons from nine different sites and analyzed by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The biological activity of each extract was also assessed. After purification, all extracts, which represented between 31 and 56% of the organic matter in the original soil samples, were soluble in base, acid and water, which classified them as fulvic acids. The chemical and spectroscopic data for the nine fulvic acids indicated great similarities in gross structural features and functional groups. As could be judged from the E4/E6 ratios, the acids contained few condensed ring structures. All fulvic acids contained stable free radicals and increased root initiation in bean stem segments. While the free radical content of the fulvic acids did not correlate statistically with their ability to increase root initiation, this aspect merits further investigation. The high acidity, the predominance of COOH groups and the water solubility exhibited by all fulvic acid preparations point to a significant role of these materials not only in soils and waters but also within plants.

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A NATURAL SOIL LEACHATE FROM A HUMIC PODZOL

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schnitzer ◽  
J. G. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Metal Organic

A leachate, collected in the field in a lysimeter placed between the Ae and Bhf horizon of a Humic Podzol in Newfoundland, was analyzed by chemical and spectroscopic methods.About 87% of the dry, ash-free weight of the leachate was fulvic acid, the remainder consisting mainly of polysaccharides and nitrogenous compounds. A comparison of the analytical characteristics of the purified leachate with those of extracted and purified Podzol Bh fulvic acid showed that the main structural features of the two materials were very similar. Judging from its high contents of oxygen-containing functional groups and from its water solubility, the organic matter in the leachate had all the characteristics of an efficient metal–complexing agent, capable of playing a significant role in metal–organic matter interactions in soils.An organic matter–silica sediment was isolated from the leachate, consisting of 47.6% organic matter and of 52.4% of almost pure SiO2∙nH2O. The organic matter in the sediment accounted for about 10% of the organic matter in the leachate. The isolation of the sediment suggests that investigations on interactions between compounds of silicon and humic substances deserve greater attention than they have so far received.

scholarly journals Evidence for biological shaping of hair ice

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 4261-4273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hofmann ◽  
G. Preuss ◽  
C. Mätzler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
The Common

Abstract. An unusual ice type, called hair ice, grows on the surface of dead wood of broad-leaf trees at temperatures slightly below 0 °C. We describe this phenomenon and present physical, chemical, and biological investigations to gain insight in the properties and processes related to hair ice. Tests revealed that the biological activity of a winter-active fungus is required in the wood for enabling the growth of hair ice. We confirmed the fungus hypothesis originally suggested by Wegener (1918) by reproducing hair ice on wood samples. Treatment by heat and fungicide suppresses the formation of hair ice. Fruiting bodies of Asco- and Basidiomycota are identified on hair-ice-carrying wood. One species, Exidiopsis effusa (Ee), was present on all investigated samples. Both hair-ice-producing wood samples and those with killed fungus show essentially the same temperature variation, indicating that the heat produced by fungal metabolism is very small, that the freezing rate is not influenced by the fungus activity, and that ice segregation is the common mechanism of ice growth on the wood surface. The fungus plays the role of shaping the ice hairs and preventing them from recrystallisation. Melted hair ice indicates the presence of organic matter. Chemical analyses show a complex mixture of several thousand CHO(N,S) compounds similar to fulvic acids in dissolved organic matter (DOM). The evaluation reveals decomposed lignin as being the main constituent. Further work is needed to clarify its role in hair-ice growth and to identify the recrystallisation inhibitor.

Influence of humus acids on mobility and biological availability of iron, zinc and copper

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
A. Fateev ◽  
D. Semenov ◽  
K. Smirnova ◽  
A. Shemet
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Mobile Forms

Soil organic matter is known as an important condition for the mobility of trace elements in soils, their geo- chemical migration and availability to plants. However, various components of soil organic matter have differ- ent effect on these processes due to their signifi cant differences in structure and properties. Aim. To establish the role of humic and fulvic acids in the process of formation of microelement mobility in soils and their accu- mulation in plants. Methods. A model experiment with sand culture was used to investigate the release of trace elements from preparations of humic and fulvic acids and their uptake by oat plants. Results. It was found that among biologically needed elements humic acids are enriched with iron, fulvic acids – with zinc, and copper distribution between these two groups of substances may be characterized as even. These elements have un- equal binding power with components of soil organic matter, as evidenced by their release into the cultivation medium and accumulation in plants. In the composition of fulvic acids zink has the most mobility – up to 95 % of this element is in the form, accessible for plants; the lowest mobility was demonstrated by copper in the composition with humic acids, for which no signifi cant changes in the concentration of mobile forms in the substrate and in the introduction to the test culture were registered. Despite signifi cantly higher iron content in humic acids, the application of fulvic acids in the cultivation medium provides a greater increase in the con- centration of mobile forms of this element. Conclusions. The results confi rm the important role of organic sub- stances of fulvic nature in the formation of zinc and iron mobility in the soil and their accumulation in plants.

scholarly journals Evidence for biological shaping of hair ice

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 5293-5332
Author(s):  
D. Hofmann ◽  
G. Preuss ◽  
C. Mätzler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
The Common

Abstract. An unusual ice type, called hair ice, grows on the surface of dead wood of broad-leaf trees at temperatures slightly below 0 °C. We describe this phenomenon and present physical, chemical, and biological investigations to gain insight in the properties and processes related to hair ice. Tests revealed that the biological activity of a winter-active fungus is required in the wood for enabling the growth of hair ice. We confirmed the fungus hypothesis originally suggested by Wegener (1918) by reproducing hair ice on wood samples. Treatment by heat and fungicide, respectively, suppresses the formation of hair ice. Fruiting bodies of Asco- and Basidiomycota are identified on hair-ice carrying wood. One species, Exidiopsis effusa (Ee), has been present on all investigated samples. Both hair-ice producing wood samples and those with killed fungus show essentially the same temperature variation, indicating that the heat produced by fungal metabolism is very small, that the freezing rate is not influenced by the fungus activity and that ice segregation is the common mechanism of ice growth at the wood surface. The fungus plays the role of shaping the ice hairs and to prevent them from recrystallisation. Melted hair ice indicates the presence of organic matter. Chemical analyses show a complex mixture of several thousand CHO(N,S)-compounds similar to fulvic acids in dissolved organic matter (DOM). The evaluation reveals decomposed lignin as the main constituent. Further work is needed to clarify its role in hair-ice growth and to identify the recrystallisation inhibitor.

scholarly journals Transformations of phenolic compounds in meadow soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ziolkowska ◽  
Bozena Debska ◽  
Magdalena Banach-Szott
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids

Abstract The aim of the research has been to determine the role of phenolic compounds in the processes of transformations of organic matter in meadow soils, leading to the formation of humic substances. The research has been performed based on the plant material and soil sampled from Europe’s unique complex of permanent grasslands irrigated continuously for 150 years applying the slope-and-flooding system, the Czerskie Meadows. Phenolic compounds were isolated from the plant material samples (hay, sward and roots) and soils (horizon A, AE and Bsv) and from the fraction of humic and fulvic acids. It was found that the contents of phenolic compounds decrease in the following order: hay > sward > roots > A horizon soil > AE horizon soil > Bsv horizon soil > A horizon fulvic acids > AE horizon fulvic acids > Bsv horizon fulvic acids > A horizon fulvic acids > AE horizon fulvic acids > Bsv horizon fulvic acids. A significantly higher share of cinnamyl than vanillyl and syringyl compounds in the extracts of fulvic acids and slightly higher in the hydrolysates of humic acids confirms the effect of the chemical composition of the plant material undergoing decomposition on the properties of the emerging humic substances.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Bactericidal Performance of LaFeO3 under Solar Light in the Presence of Natural Organic Matter: Spectroscopic and Mechanistic Evaluation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2785
Author(s):  
Nazmiye Cemre Birben ◽  
Ezgi Lale ◽  
Renato Pelosato ◽  
Nazli Turkten ◽  
Isabella Natali Sora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Indicator Microorganism ◽  
Inactivation Mechanism

Solar photocatalytic inactivation (SPCI) of E. coli as the indicator microorganism using LaFeO3 (LF) has already been investigated under various experimental conditions, excluding any role of natural organic matter (NOM). However, comprehensive information about the behavior of E. coli and its inactivation mechanism in the presence of NOM, as well as the behavior of NOM components via solar photocatalysis using LF as a photocatalyst, has prime importance in understanding real natural water environments. Therefore, in this study, further assessment was devoted to explore the influence of various NOM representatives on the SPCI of E. coli by using LF as a novel non-TiO2 photocatalyst. The influence of NOM as well as its sub-components, such as humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA), was also investigated to understand different NOM-related constituents of real natural water conditions. In addition to spectroscopic and mechanistic investigations of cell-derived organics, excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra with parallel factor multiway analysis (PARAFAC) modeling revealed further information about the occurrence and/or disappearance of NOM-related and bacteria-related fluorophores upon LF SPCI. Both the kinetics as well as the mechanism of the LF SPCI of E. coli in the presence of NOM compounds displayed substrate-specific variations under all conditions.

The Role of Archpriest Eugene Popov in Enhancing of the Anglican-Orthodox Dialog

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Ярослав Очканов
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Church Community ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Church

Статья посвящена исследованию малоизученной стороны деятельности видного русского священнослужителя протоиерея Евгения Попова, бывшего с 1842 по 1875 гг. настоятелем русской посольской церкви в Лондоне. Его служение на Английской земле совпало с углублением диалога между Русской Православной и Англиканской церквами, явившегося следствием религиозных преобразований в Англии в 1830 - 1840-е гг. Отец Евгений в рассматриваемый период фактически стал связующим звеном между русским церковноначалием и англиканами - инициаторами единения двух Церквей. Он проделал огромную работу по популяризации православия в Англии и много сделал для ознакомления русской церковной общественности с вероучением и структурными особенностями англиканства. Материалом для исследования послужили, прежде всего, письма протоиерея Евгения Попова обер-прокурорам Святейшего Синода Н. А. Протасову и А. П. Толстому. Эти документы являются своеобразными отчётами о современном состоянии Англиканской Церкви, о религиозных течениях в ней и усилиях, предпринимаемых определёнными церковными кругами в Англии по сближению с православием. Результаты его деятельности имели важное значение в последующие десятилетия, когда англикано-православный диалог вышел на церковно-государственный уровень. The article is devoted to the insufficiently studied aspects of Russian prominent cleric Archpriest Eugene Popov, rector of Russian Embassy Church in London from 1842 to 1875. His Ministry on the English soil coincided with the deepening of the dialogue between the Russian Orthodox and Anglican Churches, which was the result of religious transformations in England in the 1830s and 1840s. Father Eugene in the period under consideration actually became a connecting link between the Russian Church authorities and the anglicans-initiators of the union of the two Churches. He had done a great job by popularizing Orthodoxy in England and by familiarizing the Russian Church community with the doctrine and structural features of Anglicanism. The study, first of all, is based the letters of Archpriest Yevgeny Popov to the chief prosecutors of the Holy Synod N. A. Protasov and A. P. Tolstoy, which were original reports on the current state of the Anglican Church, it’s religious trends, and the efforts made by certain Church circles in England to get closer to Orthodoxy. The fruits of his activities were important in the following decades, when the Anglican-Orthodox dialogue reached the Church-state level.

THE USE OF THE TRANSLATION METHOD IN MASTERING THE TERMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Classification ◽  
Optimal Methods ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problems Of Translation

The article is devoted to the role of Tourism terminology in linguistics and the issue of general classification, peculiarities in the expression and translation of terms related to tourism in English into Uzbek and Russian, as well as the choice of the most optimal methods for translating terms in accordance with the requirements of this professional sphere. The terminology of the English language tourism is distinguished by its brightness, versatility. Tourism terms are formed under the influence of a generalized lexical layer of language and perform a specific functional function.Tourism terms are formed through the affixation method (prefixation, suffixation, circumphixation) and get rich through the process.The terminology of English Tourism is distinguished by its content and structural features, forming a part of the language vocabulary from the linguistic point of view. Texts in the field of Tourism take into their composition concepts of Tourism and interpret them in their content. They will be mainly in the form of advertising, as well as enlighten information about a particular region or place, create informational precedents and ensure their manifestation in the social cultural presence. The relevance of the study of the problems of translation of terms in the field of tourism has been investigated, mainly due to the development of international relations, expansion of cooperation between local and foreign companies, as well as the increase in this area of communication.

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