LIMITATIONS OF ALKALI-EXTRACTABLE ORGANIC FRACTIONS AS BASES OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. SCHUPPLI ◽  
J. A. McKEAGUE
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Humic Acid Carbon

Soil samples, mainly from eastern and northern Canada, were extracted with sodium hydroxide-pyrophosphate and the centrifuged extracts were fractionated into humic acid, fulvic acid and the polyphenolic component of the fulvic acid fraction. Details of the extraction and fractionation procedure were altered systematically and the effects of these changes on amounts of carbon in the various fractions were studied. A tenfold increase in the ratio of soil to extracting solution resulted in a marked increase (nearly double in some cases) in the ratio of humic acid carbon to fulvic acid carbon (Ch/Cf). Increasing the centrifugal force from 1150 × g to 8200 × g had little effect on Ch, but decreased Cf values. Dissolving and reprecipitating humic acid resulted usually in a decrease in Ch/Cf. Different shaking speeds and times, and extraction under nitrogen rather than air had minor, if any, effects on the Ch/Cf ratios. Most of the podzolic B horizons tested could be distinguished from the other 60 horizons by the combination of C ext (extractable carbon), Ch/Cf and Ca/Cf (carbon content of the polyphenols component of the fulvic acid fraction/fulvic acid carbon).Extractable organic fractions have some promise as bases of soil classification criteria but their potential is limited at present. The procedures are time-consuming and exacting, and results are not comparable between laboratories. Rigorous standardization of methods and interlaboratory comparisons of data might lead to more useful criteria based on organic matter composition. Key words: Humic acid carbon, fulvic acid carbon, polyphenols carbon, extractable carbon, classification criteria

HUMUS FRACTION RATIOS AS A MEANS OF DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN HORIZON TYPES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. LOWE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Humus Fraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fraction Distribution

Humus fraction distribution in a wide range of horizon samples was examined by measuring carbon content in humic acid (Ch), in fulvic acid (Cf) and in the strongly colored polyphenolic component of the fulvic acid fraction (Ca). Fraction distribution was described by the ratios Ch/Cf and Ca/Cf. It was concluded that humus fraction ratios were related to horizon types as used in the Canadian System of Soil Classification, and were effective in discriminating between certain horizon types, particularly between Luvisolic Bt and Podzolic Bf. The results also suggested that humus fraction ratios may be effective in separating distinct sub-populations within Ah horizons and Bf horizons in general, based on qualitative differences in organic matter present. Aspects of the role of humus fractions in soil genesis are discussed.

Flocs through the looking glass

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jefferson ◽  
P. Jarvis ◽  
E. Sharp ◽  
S. Wilson ◽  
S.A. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Dendritic Structures

The paper describes the investigation of how the make up of raw water influences the physical properties of flocculated suspensions. The work focuses on the properties of four characteristic organic fractions separated as a function of their hydrophobicity. Mesoscale data indicates that the hydrophobic fractions dominate the make up of the water and are the most easily removed. Microscale and nanoscale data reveals that the fulvic acid fraction (FAF) generates statistically smaller and more compact flocs than those formed by the other fractions and the hydrophilic fractions form the most internally open and dendritic structures. The FAF fraction was also seen to dominate the zeta potential response of the raw water.

scholarly journals ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS IN A QUARTZIPSAMMENT UNDER CULTIVATION OF IRRIGATED MANGO IN THE LOWER SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY REGION, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alberto Ferreira Cardoso ◽  
Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima ◽  
Tony Jarbas Ferreira Cunha ◽  
Marcos Sales Rodrigues ◽  
Luis Carlos Hernani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
The Impact

Improper land use has lead to deterioration and depletion of natural resources, as well as a significant decline in agricultural production, due to decreased soil quality. Removal of native vegetation to make way for agricultural crops, often managed inadequately, results in soil disruption, decreased nutrient availability, and decomposition of soil organic matter, making sustainable agricultural production unviable. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of growing irrigated mango (over a 20 year period) on the organic carbon (OC) stocks and on the fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in relation to the native caatinga (xeric shrubland) vegetation in the Lower São Francisco Valley region, Brazil. The study was carried out on the Boa Esperança Farm located in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. In areas under irrigated mango and native caatinga, soil samples were collected at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. After preparing the soil samples, we determined the OC stocks, carbon of humic substances (fulvic acid fractions, humic acid fractions, and humin fractions), and the light and heavy SOM fractions. Growing irrigated mango resulted in higher OC stocks; higher C stocks in the fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin fractions; and higher C stocks in the heavy and light SOM fraction in comparison to nativecaatinga, especially in the uppermost soil layer.

scholarly journals Nutrient dynamics with application of humic substances and liming in irrigated soil filled columns

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽  
pp. 1567-1578
Author(s):  
Cleire Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Rose Luiza Tavares ◽  
Renato Assis ◽  
Veridiana Cantão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
P Release ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the retention of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients, as well as pH and electrical conductivity in Oxisols. Soil samples were placed into columns, with addition of humic substances (soil with and without liming). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and the columns consisted of PVC tubes with 40 cm height x 5 cm diameter. The humic substances used were humic acid and fulvic acid, applied at rates of 0, 60, 120 and 240 L ha-1, in soil with or without lime. Ten irrigation events were performed, simulating 32 mm rainfall. After that, samples were collected from the columns, at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths, to identify the residual effect of the addition of humic substances. A completely randomized design was used for this experiment, with 2×2×4 factorial statistical model and 3 replications. The results showed that, under acidic soil conditions, the use of fulvic acid provides more significant P release (up to 40%) in soil when compared to humic acid. When the rate of 240 L ha-1 is applied, the fulvic acid can release up to 83% of P in the soil.

The Variations of Organic Fluorescent Property in the Effluents from Biotreatment Unit Followed by Constructed Wetland Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 395-399
Author(s):  
Jia Peng Hu ◽  
Shen Yun Zhao ◽  
Chun Yen Chiu ◽  
Hsiao Jung Ho ◽  
Ming Han Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Fluorescent Property ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
Peak Location

In this study, EEFM (Excitation emission fluorescent matrix) was used to evaluate the variation of organic characteristic of both source sewages into WuYiShan wastewater treatment. Similar organic property for both source sewages was identified, having four peaks, respectively belonging to fulvic acid, humic acid, aromatic protein and soluble microbial by-product. The fluorescent intensity (FI) of dominant humic acid fraction increased after biological treatment, and decreased in constructed wetland. UV process could result the increase of FI value of humic acid. However, the ratio of FI value of peak location in soluble microbial by-product to fulvic acid, called as Fs/Ff, continuously had an ascent after the biotreatment, constructed wetland and UV process. The organic property was apparently affected by the interior microorganism activity.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Organic Carbon Fractions in Paddy and Associated Non-paddy Soils of Upper Brahmaputra Valley of Assam

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenesia A. Phillips ◽  
R. M. Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Organic Carbon Fractions

An investigation was carried out to study the soil organic carbon fractions in paddy and associated non-paddy soils of Assam, India. Three districts viz. Sivasagar, Jorhat and Golaghat in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam were selected for this study. Soil samples were collected from six profiles, three each from mono-cropped paddy and associated non-paddy areas were collected. Horizon -wise, soil samples were analyzed for organic carbon fractions. Organic carbon, Humus C, Humin C, Humic acid C and Fulvic acid C were all analyzed from the samples. Organic carbon content in soil varied from 0.90 -7.90g kg⁻¹. Surface horizons of paddy soils contained lower amounts of humus C (0.255-0.330 per cent) and fulvic acid C (CFA) (0.135 – 0.180 per cent) and higher amounts of humin carbon (0.210 -0.475 per cent) and humic acid C (CHA) (0.120-0.150 per cent) as compared to that of non-paddy soils (0.300-0.435 and 0.195-0.300, 0.180-0.490 and 0.105-0.135 per cent respectively). It was concluded that the ratio of (CHA+CFA)/CTOC indicated less humification on the surface horizons of paddy soils. This is a direct result of prolonged submergence which led to humic acid carbon becoming less oxidized or humified.

Fractionation of Residues of Pendimethalin, Trifluralin, and Oryzalin during Degradation in Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Nelson ◽  
William F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Soil Sterilization ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Bound Residues ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Degradation In Soil

A sequential extraction procedure was developed to study the fate of pendimethalin [N- (1 -ethylpropyl) -3,4- dimethyl - 2,6 - dinitrobenzenamine], trifluralin (α,α,α -trifluoro - 2,6 - dinitro -N,N- dipropyl -p- toluidine), and oryzalin (3,5 -dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) in soil over a 6 - month laboratory incubation period. The distinction of non - bound residues was based on an acidic - methanol extraction followed by an extraction with an acetone :H2O : HCl (95:4:1, v/v/v) solution and then extraction with 0.5 N NaOH with further fractionation of the NaOH extract by partial precipitation. After 6 months, soil - bound14C-residues of pendimethalin, trifluralin, and oryzalin contained 15, 14, and 23%, respectively, of the radioactivity applied to non - sterilized soil. The proportion of bound radioactivity associated with each organic fraction was nearly identical for each herbicide; 46, 12, 12, and 30% was associated with the acetone:H2O:HCl-soluble, fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin organic fractions, respectively. Soil sterilization reduced herbicide degradation by 31% and radioactivity in the fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin organic fractions by approximately 50% during the 6-month period. Radioactivity in the acetone:H2O:HC1-soluble fraction was reduced less than 10% by soil sterilization.

Fossil macromolecules from cephalopod shells: characterization, immunological response and diagenesis

Paleobiology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Westbroek ◽  
P. H. van der Meide ◽  
J. S. van der Wey-Kloppers ◽  
R. J. van der Sluis ◽  
J. W. de Leeuw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Nautilus Pompilius ◽  
Biochemical Compounds

The EDTA-soluble fractions extracted from rostra of two late Cretaceous belemnites (Cephalopoda), Gonioteuthis and Belemnitella, were divided into an humic acid and a fulvic acid fraction (the latter was absent in Belemnitella). The extracts are compared with preparations from shells of two recent cephalopods, Nautilus pompilius and Sepia officinalis. Use was made of immunology, amino acid analysis, pyrolysis mass spectrometry and some other techniques.The fulvic acid fraction of Gonioteuthis, a mixed peptide-like saccharide-like substance, produced confluent immunodiffusion patterns with an EDTA-soluble Nautilus extract against anti-Nautilus rabbit serum. The humic acid of Gonioteuthis did not contain D-alloisoleucine and its amino acid composition was very similar to that of the EDTA-insoluble fraction of Nautilus. This humic acid was enriched in polyphenol, which may be due to chemical reaction of peptides and carbohydrates during diagenesis. It is concluded that both fractions of Gonioteuthis are original belemnite materials that have undergone only minor alterations during diagenesis.This is an exploratory study of biochemical compounds derived from fossils, with particular emphasis on immunological methods.

scholarly journals Evaluation by Multivariate Statistical Methods of Relationship with Physicochemical Properties of Humic Acid and Some Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-852
Author(s):  
Mehmet DÜZGÜN ◽  
Uğur BİLGE ◽  
M. Zahir DÜZ
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Multivariate Statistical

Humic acid is a very important component for soil. In particular, It is an important factor for regulation of plant nutrients. In this study, HA (humic acid) contents of soil samples taken from 12 different locations were determined by appropriate method. After extracting the humic acid from the soil samples, the remaining soil elements concentrations were determined by ICP-OES method. In addition, the element concentrations in the humic acid fraction were determined by the same method. In soil samples were determined organic matter (OM), pH, EC, clay, silt and sand. The relationships between all variables were evaluated by multivariate statistical analysis such as correlation, simple linear regression, PCA (Principal Component Analysis). Spearman rho coefficient was taken into consideration in the correlation analysis. Simple linear regression analysis showed significant regression model between HA and OM, pH, HAfMn (HAf: humic acid fraction), HAfSe, HAfP, TfCd (Tf:soil fraction), TfMn, TfPb, TfSe. In the PCA analysis, 4 factors were found to explain 88.23% of the total change. P1:OM, TPb, TSe, HA  P2:TAs, TSb, TBa, TMn, TFe  P3: TCd, TP, pH, TSn, Silt, TAl  P4: Kil, sand, TBe, EC. In the correlation analysis (N: 12), HA was significant positive with TfSe (r= 0.615, P <0.05), and significant negative with HAfBe (r= -0.786, P <0.01) and significant positive with HAfMn (r= 0.918, P <0.01) and significant negative with HAfSn (r= -0.700, P <0.05) and significant positive with HAfSe (r= 0.704, P <0.05) and significant positive with HAfP (r= 0.700, P <0.05) correlation was found.

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