Sulphur fertilizer and tillage effects on canola seed quality in the Black soil zone of western Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Grant ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
A. M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Canola Quality

Field studies in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta over 3 yr evaluated immediate and residual effects of source, timing and placement of su lphur (S) fertilizers on canola quality under reduced (RT) and conventional tillage (CT). Oil concentration of canola seed increased and chlorophyll content decreased with application of plant-available forms of S fertilizer if soils were deficient in available sulphate-S. Therefore, canola seed quality was improved by correction of S deficiencies. The magnitude and consistency of fertilizer effects reflected the sulphate availability of the fertilizer source applied, with ammonium sulphate having a greater effect than the bentonite-elemental S product, Tiger 90®, in the year of application. Effects on seed N concentration were inconsistent, but decreases in seed N concentration occasionally occurred with correction of an S deficiency, reflecting an inverse relationship between seed yield or seed oil concentration and seed N concentration. Seed S concentration generally increased with increases in available sulphur. Application of ammonium sulphate in the preceding wheat crop provided residual sulphate-S for canola, leading to increased oil and seed S concentration, and decreased chlorophyll and seed N concentration. Tillage system had little influence on canola quality, with RT occasionally reducing oil concentration and increasing chlorophyll and seed N content. The response of seed quality to S fertilization was similar under CT and RT. Sulphate-S sources consistently improved canola quality on S-deficient fields. Key words: Bentonite S, chlorophyll, elemental S, green seed. zero oil, protein, zero tillage

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE, QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E RESÍDUO EM SEMENTES DE TRIGO EM FUNÇÃO DA DESSECAÇÃO COM HERBICIDAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Lizandro Ciciliano Tavares ◽  
Sandro de Oliveira ◽  
Bruno Moncks Silva ◽  
Elisa Souza Lemes ◽  
Francisco Amaral Villela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Ammonium Glufosinate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Factor C ◽  
And Control

In the wheat crop,pre-harvest desiccation with herbicides caninfluencethe productivity and physiological seed quality.The study aimed to quantify the yield, physiological seed quality,andresidue in wheat seeds.The experimental design was a randomized block designina 2x2x6 factorial, being thefactor A constituting of wheat cultivars (BRS 177 e BRS Umbu),the factor B application stages (before and after physiological maturation) and, factor C desiccation with different herbicides (2,4-D, paraquat, glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate, metsulfuron-methyl, and control) with four replications.The variables analyzed were thethousand seedsweight, hectoliter weight, number of antheciumper spike, seed yield, physiological seed quality by the vigortestsand standard germination, and residue in wheat seeds after the application of herbicides in pre-harvest.The desiccation in pre-harvest herbicide held at a later stage after physiological maturity, in general, does not affect the physiological quality and seed yield of BRS Umbu and BRS 177 cultivars. The application of methyl-metsulfuronand paraquat does not show residual effects on the seed independent of the application stage, while the application of ammonium glufosinate, glyphosate, and 2,4-D,when applied before the physiological maturity result residue levels in wheat seed.

PEAT AND COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AS AMENDMENTS FOR GRAY WOODED SOILS

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (2) ◽  
pp. 68-84
Author(s):  
R. E. Carlyle ◽  
J. D. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Surface Peat

The nitrates in pot cultures of gray wooded soil were generally affected by the various amendments as follows: increased by applications of neutral or acid subsurface peat and not depressed by neutral or acid surface peat; increased by ammonium phosphate alone and in combination with the surface and subsurface peats, and by ammonium sulphate in combination with the subsurface peats, but slightly depressed by triple superphosphate in combination with the subsurface peats.The wheat crop yields in pot cultures of gray wooded soil were generally affected by the various amendments as follows: increased somewhat by peat alone, and especially by subsurface peat; increased substantially by ammonium phosphate alone, but increased to a greater extent in all three series by a combination of ammonium phosphate and subsurface peat; increased substantially by ammonium sulphate and subsurface peat, but not by triple superphosphate and peat.The plate counts of bacteria in treated cultures of gray wooded soil increased for two to four months, and then decreased. The ammonium phosphate plus subsurface peat treatment gave the highest counts, the ammonium phosphate plus surface peat the second highest, and the ammonium sulphate plus subsurface peat the third highest. The differences between the effects of triple superphosphate plus subsurface peat, ammonium phosphate, surface peat, and subsurface peat, were small. The control gave only a small increase during the course of the experiment.The ratio method showed that there are very large numbers of bacteria in gray wooded soil. Instead of ranging from about 500,000 to about 8,000,000 per gm. of soil as with the plate count method, the numbers varied from about 200,000,000 to 2,000,000,000. The numbers reached a maximum after three months' incubation. The ammonium phosphate plus subsurface peat treatment again gave the highest average number, and the succeeding order was also about the same as in the case of the plate counts.When mixed with gray wooded soil, surface peat, though highly carbonaceous, did not cause any significant decrease in nitrate at first, and produced some increase later. Straw caused some decrease at first, but the later recovery counterbalanced this loss. Cotton caused a decrease to practically none for about three months, and even when combined with ammonium phosphate caused some decrease. Ammonium phosphate alone and in combination with straw and surface peat produced large increases in nitrate. In a duplicate experiment with black soil the trends were similar, but the nitrate was not reduced to the same extent by straw and cotton, and when ammonium phosphate was added with the organic matter, nitrate was not reduced by peat, straw, or cotton.

scholarly journals Influence of formulation of elemental S fertilizer on yield, quality and S uptake of canola seed

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
E. D. Solberg ◽  
M. Nyborg
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
First Year ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Percent Recovery ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
S Fertilizers

The rate of S oxidation in elemental S fertilizers to plant-available sulphate-S depends on factors that affect microbial activity, such as soil moisture, temperature, aeration and size of fertilizer granules. Three field experiments were conducted on S-deficient Gray and Dark Gray Luvisol soils (Typic Cryoboralf) during 2000 and 2001 in Saskatchewan (exp. 1 at Porcupine Plain and exp. 3 at Canwood) and Alberta (exp. 2 at Legal) to determine the effects of formulation of elemental S fertilizers on yield, oil, protein and S concentration, S uptake, percent recovery of applied S and N uptake in seed of canola (Brassica napus L. ‘A4573’ at Porcupine Plain and ‘Invigor 2663’ at Legal and Canwood). In exp. 1 (2000 and 2001) and exp. 2 (2000), treatments included five elemental S fertilizers (granular ES-99, ES-95, ES-90 and Biosul-90; and Biosul-50 suspension), granular potassium sulphate and zero-S control. In exp. 3, treatments included eight elemental S fertilizers (granular ES-99, ES-95, ES-90 and Biosul-90; powder Lab fine ES-99.5, ES Settle-47 and ES SPB571-85.8; and Biosul-50 suspension), 21.7% elemental S plus 18.7% sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), blend of granular ES-90 and ammonium sulphate (1:1), granular ammonium sulphate and zero-S control. The S fertilizers were surface-broadcast or sprayed at 15 and 30 kg S ha-1 rates within 2–3 d after sowing in spring. Canola plants in the zero-S treatment showed S deficiency in the growing season, and seed yield increased with sulphate-S fertilizer by 21.8, 1.4, and 3.6 times in exps. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was little effect of S fertilizer on protein concentration in seed. Biosul-50 suspension in all experiments and powder forms of elemental S fertilizers, used only in exp. 3, were almost as effective as sulphate-S fertilizers. In all experiments, granular elemental S fertilizers had no or only a very small effect on yield, S uptake, percent recovery of applied S, N uptake, oil concentration, S concentration and protein concentration of canola seed in the first year of application. In the second year of exp. 1, granular elemental S fertilizers tended to increase yield, S uptake, N uptake, oil concentration, and S concentration of canola seed, but none of them produced seed yield or improved other parameters of canola seed comparable with the sulphate-S and elemental S powder or suspension fertilizers. In summary, granular elemental S fertilizers were not effective in increasing canola seed yield and S uptake on S-deficient soils in the first year of application. After the second annual application, most granular elemental S fertilizers tended to correct deficiency of S in canola plants, but improvements in yield and other parameters of seed were still less than the sulphate-S and suspension or powder forms of elemental S fertilizers. Key words: Canola, elemental and sulphate S fertilizers, granular, suspension, oil and protein content, seed yield, S uptake

scholarly journals Physiological quality of soybean and wheat seeds produced with alternative potassium sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Zampar Toledo ◽  
Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
João Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Alkaline Rock ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Potassium Sources ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The use of unconventional sources of K for plants has been widely studied, but the effects of alternative materials on physiological seed quality are still relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean and wheat seeds after using different potassium sources in a crop succession. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with four replications. Treatments consisted of three K sources (KCl, alkaline rock and ground phonolite, with 58%, 11% and 8.42% of K2O, respectively) applied in four doses (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg K2O ha-1). Potassium doses were applied in soybean and their residual effects were evaluated on the following wheat crop. Soybean and wheat seeds were evaluated immediately after harvesting by tests for moisture content, seed weight, germination, first count, electrical conductivity, seedling length and seedling dry matter. Soybean plants fertilized with alternative sources of K produced heavier seeds with a lower coat permeability compared to KCl; the physiological quality of soybean seeds and the weight of wheat seeds increase due to higher K2O doses, independently of their source.

Experiments measuring the residual effects of nitrogen fertilizers

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
A. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Potato Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Potato Yields

The experiment testing N residues (made on a clay-loam soil) clearly showed that N applied for potatoes benefited the following wheat crop, but that N applied for wheat benefited the following potato crop little. There were no worth-while 1. An experiment on a clay-loam soil measured responses to three amounts of nitrogen on alternate crops of wheat and potatoes; these dressings were tested in all combinations with three rates of N applied 1 and 2 years previously. Nitrogen applied for potatoes consistently increased yields of following wheat. The residue from applying 1·5 cwt. N/acre for potatoes was equivalent to topdressing the wheat with 0·55 cwt. N/acre; the value of the residue was decreased by applying N to the wheat. Potato yields were increased little by applying N to the preceding wheat crop and the residues were of little significance when compared with the responses to new N. There was no gain from N applied 2 years previously for either crop.

WHEAT YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY UNDER CONTRASTING RESIDUE AND TILLAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN A SEMIARID AREA OF MOROCCO

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mrabet
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
No Till ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Use Efficiency

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) production using no-tillage is becoming an increasingly accepted management technology. Major obstacles to its adoption in Morocco, however, are exportation of wheat straw from the field and stubble grazing. Among pertinent solutions is the control of these practices. A four-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of residue level under no-tillage on wheat grain and total dry-matter yields, water use and water-use efficiency, and to compare this with conventional tillage systems. The aim was to evaluate whether all the straw produced is needed for no-till cropping or whether partial removal of straw from the field is possible without any adverse effect on production. No-tillage and deep tillage with disk plough performed equally well and subsurface tillage with an off-set disk produced the lowest yields. Both bare and full no-tillage covers depressed wheat production. Uo to 30% of straw produced under no-tillage can be removed without jeopardizing wheat crop performance.

scholarly journals ZEOLITES AND FERTILIZERS ON THEIR BASIS IN SOYBEAN CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE VOLGA FOREST STEPPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
A. Kh. Kulikova ◽  
◽  
N. G. Zakharov ◽  
N. A. Khairtdinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region

Experimental field studies were carried out on the experimental field of Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University in 2018-2020. The experiment scheme in 2019 (laid in 2018) consisted of 4 variants: 1. Control (without fertilizers); 2. Zeolite in pure form, 500 kg / ha; 3. Organic mineral fertilizer, obtained by enriching zeolites with amino acids, 500 kg / ha; 4. Zeolite 500 kg / ha + N40 (carbamide at the dose of 40 kg of nitrogen per 1 ha). In 2020, the experiment was supplemented with four variants in order to identify more appropriate doses of fertilization (zeolite enriched with amino acids, 250 kg / ha; zeolite enriched with amino acids, 500 kg / ha; zeolite enriched with carbamide, 250 kg / ha; zeolite enriched with urea , 500 kg / ha). The experiments were carried out in 3-fold repetition with a randomized placement of plots. The effect of zeolite from Yushansk deposit of Ulyanovsk region and fertilizers based on it enriched with amino acids and urea were studied in the experiment, as well as their effect on general biological activity of leached black soil, on its agrochemical parameters, photosynthetic activity of soybean crops, yield and seed quality. A significant influence of experimental fertilizers on biological activity of the soil, improvement of nutrient regime, as well as the ability of zeolite to neutralize soil acidity was found. Improvement of the soil environment in case of application of zeolite enriched with amino acids and urea as a fertilizer contributed to an increase of soybean yields by 6-14% and by 12-31% to improvement of the product quality. With an increase of the dose of fertilizers, the yield of soybean seeds increased, but not proportionally.

Topsoil replacement depth and organic amendment effects on plant nutrient uptake from reclaimed natural gas wellsites

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Zvomuya ◽  
Francis J Larney ◽  
Olalekan O Akinremi ◽  
Reynald L Lemke ◽  
Vasile E Klaassen
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
South Central ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Cattle Feedlot

Sustained plant nutrient a vailability on reclaimed wellsites is critical to the successful restoration of crop productivity. This study evaluated topsoil replacement depth (TRD) (0, 50, 100, and 150% of mandatory TRD) and organic amendment [beef cattle feedlot manure, compost derived from straw-bedded cattle feedlot manure, wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) straw, alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) hay, and unamended control] effects on nutrient uptake by a wheat crop at three abandoned gas wellsites in south-central Alberta. Grain N uptake increased by 0.055 kg ha-1 for each percent increase in TRD, reflecting the corresponding linear increase in grain N concentration. Low carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio amendments, particularly compost and alfalfa, were the most effective for improving grain N concentration and uptake. Conversely, N concentration and uptake were lowest for the high C:N (53:1) wheat straw amendment. Reclamation programs should, therefore, consider incorporation of the low C:N alfalfa or compost in order to safeguard against N deficiency in the first 1–2 yr following reclamation. Our results also show that high P amendments, such as manure and compost, are better choices for improving P uptake by spring wheat. These results emphasize the importance of topsoil replacement and amendment quality (C:N ratio and P concentration) in ensuring adequate N and P supply in the 1–2 yr following reclamation. Based on this, compost appears to be the best single amendment for ensuring enhanced uptake of both N and P on reclaimed wellsites in the short term. Key words: Topsoil replacement; organic amendments; reclamation; nitrogen; phosphorus

scholarly journals Yield and physiological quality of wheat seeds after desiccation with different herbicides

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Henrique Krenchinski ◽  
Victor José Salomão Cesco ◽  
Danilo Morilha Rodrigues ◽  
Vinicius Gabriel Caneppele Pereira ◽  
Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Abstract: Some desiccation techniques for harvesting wheat may affect seed quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different desiccant herbicides applied to the wheat crop and their effects on the production and seed quality. The experiment was conducted with cultivar COODETEC 150 (CD 150) in two sites in Palotina (Paraná state, Brazil) with a randomized block design consisting of 7 treatments (desiccation herbicides) and 4 replications. Desiccation was realized when 50% of the plants were in stage 80 with seeds in powdery or mass consistency. The variables analyzed were percentage of moisture content after harvest, Yield, hectoliter weight, mass of 100 seeds, vigor, germination, fresh mass of seedlings, dry mass of seedlings and root length. The herbicides carfentrazone-ethyl and clethodim were the ones that promoted greatest reduction in vigor. The herbicide paraquat caused reduction in seedling length. There was a reduction in the mass of 100 seeds for glufosinate-ammonium, clethodim, diquat and carfentrazone-ethyl. Glufosinate-ammonium, paraquat, glyphosate, clethodim and diquat caused reduction in yield. Desiccation of Cultivar CD 150 at stage 80 is not recommended, since plant Yield and physiological seed parameters were adversely affected by herbicides.

Effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on the drying, yield and quality of canola

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Darwent ◽  
K. J. Kirkland ◽  
L. Townley-Smith ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
A. J. Cessna
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Seed Yields

Potential use of preharvest applications of glyphosate in canola (Brassica rapa L.) in western Canada both as a harvest aid and to control weeds prompted this study. Experiments were conducted from 1988 to 1990 at four locations in the region to document the effectiveness of preharvest applications of glyphosate to enhance canola seed and foliage drydown and to measure the effect of such applications on seed yield and quality. Glyphosate was applied in early August to early September at rates of 0.45, 0.90 and 1.70 kg acid equivalent ha−1 to canola with seed moisture contents ranging from 79 to 12%. Seed and foliage moisture drydown were not enhanced by glyphosate treatment. Glyphosate treatments generally had little or no effect on canola seed yields, seed weight, seed germination, green seed content or oil content except when applied when the pods were green and when seed moisture contents were high. Seed/pod moisture was not a reliable indicator of stage of canola development and thus, should not be used alone as an indicator of when preharvest applications of glyphosate can be applied to canola without decreasing seed yield and quality. Key words: Glyphosate, canola, Brassica rapa L., preharvest application, desiccation, seed quality

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