On-farm production and utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Douds Jr. ◽  
G. Nagahashi ◽  
P. E. Pfeffer ◽  
W. M. Kayser ◽  
C. Reider
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Technological Barriers ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
On Farm

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonize the roots of the majority of crop plants, forming a symbiosis that potentially enhances nutrient uptake, pest resistance, water relations, and soil aggregation. Inoculation with effective isolates of AM fungi is one way of ensuring the potential benefits of the symbiosis for plant production. Although inocula are available commercially, on-farm production of AM fungus inoculum would save farmers the associated processing and shipping costs. In addition, farmers could produce locally adapted isolates and generate a taxonomically diverse inoculum. On-farm inoculum production methods entail increasing inoculated isolates or indigenous AM fungi in fumigated or unfumigated field soil, respectively, or transplanting pre-colonized host plants into compost-based substrates. Subsequent delivery of the inoculum with seed to the planting hole in the field presents technological barriers that make these methods more viable in labor-intensive small farms. However, a readily available method for utilization of these inocula is mixing them into potting media for growth of vegetable seedlings for transplant to the field. Direct application of these inocula to the field and transplant of seedlings precolonized by these inocula have resulted in enhanced crop growth and yield. Key words: AM fungi, sustainable agriculture, biofertilizer

scholarly journals On-farm Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi Using Trap Crop Cycles

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1084-1101
Author(s):  
S.B. Raut ◽  
C.D. Deokar ◽  
A.M. Navale ◽  
J.A. Dahatonde
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth and production of Helianthus tuberosus under field condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabaiporn Nacoon ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Nuntavun Riddech ◽  
Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk ◽  
Jindarat Ekprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Inoculation Treatment ◽  
Amf Inoculation

AbstractIn this work, the effects of co-inoculation between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and a phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to promote the growth and production of sunchoke under field condition were investigated during 2016 and 2017. Four treatments were set up as follows: plants without inoculation, with AMF inoculation, with PSB inoculation and with co-inoculation of PSB and AMF. The results showed the presence of PSB and AMF colonization at the harvest stage in both years. This suggested the survival of PSB and successful AMF colonization throughout the experiments. According to correlation analysis, PSB positively affected AMF spore density and colonization rate. Also, both AMF and PSB positively correlated with growth and production of sunchoke. Co-inoculation could enhance various plant parameters. However, better results in 2016 were found in co-inoculation treatment, while AMF inoculation performed the best in 2017. All of these results suggested that our AMF and PSB could effectively promote growth and production of sunchoke under field conditions. Such effects were varied due to different environmental conditions each year. Note that this is the first study showing successful co-inoculation of AMF and PSB for promoting growth and yield of sunchoke in the real cultivation fields.

Susceptibility of barley cultivars to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
The University

The relative susceptibility of selected barley cultivars produced in western Canada to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi under field and greenhouse conditions was evaluated in this study. Cultivars tested under field conditions at the University of Alberta and Lacombe research stations showed no significant differences in VAM colonization of barley roots; colonization was light. Greenhouse trials at the University of Alberta with eight cultivars inoculated with individual mycorrhizal species illustrated significant differences among the barley cultivars in their reactions to Glomus dimorphicum, G. intraradices, and G. mosseae. Distinct differences were observed in the ability of each Glomus species to colonize the barley cultivars. The VAM fungi increased growth and yield in some cultivars, depending on the Glomus species. This study indicates that a degree of host-specificity exists in VAM fungi and that the host-mycorrhizal fungus genotypes may influence the effectiveness of the symbiosis. Key words: Barley, cultivars, susceptibility, VA mycorrhizal fungi

scholarly journals Application of Mycorrhizal Technology for Improving Yield Production of Common Bean Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal M. Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Wafaa M. Shukry ◽  
Mahmoud M.B. Shokr ◽  
Mai A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Common Bean Plants

This study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi with different levels of NPK fertilizers on yield production of common bean plants which common bean plants were subjected to five levels of NPK fertilizers (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 %). Application of AMF significantly increased the growth and yield components of common beans with minimized the levels of NPK comparing to equivalents non-mycorrhizal ones. The results obtained revealed that inoculation with AMF and the concentrations 50% and 75% of NPK with AMF are the greater than other concentrations and non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal Common bean plants had significantly higher number of pods, length of one pod, pods weight, 100 seeds weight, weight of seed/plant and intensity of mycorrhizal colonization(M%) . Concentrations of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and total carbohydrates, crude protein and mycorrhizal dependency of some yield parameters were significantly increased in mycorrhizal plants at different NPK levels when comparing to those of non-mycorrhizal plants paticularly at (50% and 75%) concentration of NPK, but lower Na concentration in mycorrhizal common bean seeds than those of non-mycorrhizal.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 191-197

Frequent cultivation prior to planting to prevent weed competition results in an opportunity for the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Douds ◽  
Gerald Nagahashi ◽  
John E. Shenk
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals

AbstractInoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is a potentially useful tool in agricultural systems with limited options regarding use of synthetic chemicals for fertility and pest control. We tested the response ofAllium porrumcv. Lancelot to inoculation with AM fungi in a field high in available P (169 μg g−1soil) that had been repeatedly cultivated to control weeds. Seedlings were inoculated during the greenhouse production period with a mixed species inoculum produced on-farm in a compost and vermiculite medium withPaspalum notatumFlugge as a nurse host. Inoculated and uninoculated seedlings were the same size at outplanting. Inoculated seedlings were over 2.5-fold greater in shoot weight and shoot P content than uninoculated seedlings at harvest. These results demonstrate the potential yield benefits from inoculation with AM fungi in situations where farm management practices may negatively impact on indigenous populations of AM fungi.

scholarly journals Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Populations in Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 718-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Del Val ◽  
J. M. Barea ◽  
C. Azcón-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The European Union

ABSTRACT High concentrations of heavy metals have been shown to adversely affect the size, diversity, and activity of microbial populations in soil. The aim of this work was to determine how the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is affected by the addition of sewage-amended sludge containing heavy metals in a long-term experiment. Due to the reduced number of indigenous AM fungal (AMF) propagules in the experimental soils, several host plants with different life cycles were used to multiply indigenous fungi. Six AMF ecotypes were found in the experimental soils, showing consistent differences with regard to their tolerance to the presence of heavy metals. AMF ecotypes ranged from very sensitive to the presence of metals to relatively tolerant to high rates of heavy metals in soil. Total AMF spore numbers decreased with increasing amounts of heavy metals in the soil. However, species richness and diversity as measured by the Shannon-Wiener index increased in soils receiving intermediate rates of sludge contamination but decreased in soils receiving the highest rate of heavy-metal-contaminated sludge. Relative densities of most AMF species were also significantly influenced by soil treatments. Host plant species exerted a selective influence on AMF population size and diversity. We conclude based on the results of this study that size and diversity of AMF populations were modified in metal-polluted soils, even in those with metal concentrations that were below the upper limits accepted by the European Union for agricultural soils.

DEVELOPING PREDICTION EQUATIONS AND OPTIMIZING PRODUCTION OF THREE AM FUNGAL INOCULA UNDER ON-FARM CONDITIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHAVEER P. SHARMA ◽  
ALOK ADHOLEYA
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Time Required ◽  
On Farm

SUMMARYThe production potential of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), AM-1004 (Glomus intraradices), AM-1209 (mixed indigenous AMF) and AM-1207 (Mycorise, commercial inocula), were examined separately in three fractions/forms (root-based, soil-based and mixture of roots + soil) at 40, 60, 80 and 105 days in raised beds. The beds were amended with organic matter to develop regression equations for predicting optimal AM production vis-à-vis time required for particular inocula using infectious propagules (IP) as the independent variable. The IP production observed in the system was found to vary among the different inocula used. AM-1004 and AM-1207 produced significantly higher propagule counts in root or soil-based samples and a mixture of both at 105 days as compared to AM-1209. Based on two-way ANOVA, irrespective of time, AM-1004 (root/soil-based) produced a significantly larger number of propagules, whereas propagules in the crude inoculum (roots + soil) of all three inocula were not significantly different. On the other hand, irrespective of AMF, significantly more propagules (in all forms) were observed at 105 days. Similarly, irrespective of time, AM-1004 produced significantly higher root colonization (MCP, mycorrhizal colonization percentage) in all three forms (roots: 65.95%; soil: 24.32; soil + roots: 58.03%). The MCP in roots was increased significantly with time of multiplication. However, there was not much improvement in the MCP of soil or in soil + roots fractions beyond 80 days. Further, prediction of the number of IP for the three AM inocula was mathematically derived separately from the Mitscherlish-Bray equation (Y=a–b*exp (–cD). Based on the maximum yield of propagules of the three inocula observed and fitted into equations, root-based AM-1004 and AM-1209 inocula were found to be more efficient in producing propagules in 65 days as compared to AM-1207, which produced propagules in 76 days. While comparing the overall combinations, AM-1004 and AM-1209 inocula used either as roots, soil or a mixture of both and have greater potential in producing more propagules in the shortest span of time. While taking into account the predicted values of AM-1209 crude inoculum, about 12 IP g−1substrate can be achieved in 72 days. Therefore, if a farmer uses crude inocula (having zero time IP of about 0.8/g substrate) of AM 1209, a total production of about 12.12 million IP/m3can be achieved in 72 days. These can be used for on-farm production.

Pre-cropping with canola decreased Pratylenchus thornei populations, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and yield of wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Owen ◽  
T. G. Clewett ◽  
J. P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Second Year

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) significantly reduces wheat yields in the northern Australian grain region. Canola is thought to have a ‘biofumigation’ potential to control nematodes; therefore, a field experiment was designed to compare canola with other winter crops or clean-fallow for reducing P. thornei population densities and improving growth of P. thornei-intolerant wheat (cv. Batavia) in the following year. Immediately after harvest of the first-year crops, populations of P. thornei were lowest following various canola cultivars or clean-fallow (1957–5200 P. thornei/kg dry soil) and were highest following susceptible wheat cultivars (31 033–41 294/kg dry soil). Unexpectedly, at planting of the second-year wheat crop, nematode populations were at more uniform lower levels (<5000/kg dry soil), irrespective of the previous season’s treatment, and remained that way during the growing season, which was quite dry. Growth and grain yield of the second-year wheat crop were poorest on plots previously planted with canola or left fallow due to poor colonisation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, with the exception of canola cv. Karoo, which had high AM fungal colonisation and low wheat yields. There were significant regressions between growth and yield parameters of the second-year wheat and levels of AMF following the pre-crop treatments. Thus, canola appears to be a good crop for reducing P. thornei populations, but AM fungal-dependence of subsequent crops should be considered, particularly in the northern Australian grain region.

scholarly journals Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival in Soil and Translocation into Leeks (Allium porrum) as Influenced by an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (Glomus intraradices)

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1813-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Gurtler ◽  
David D. Douds ◽  
Brian P. Dirks ◽  
Jennifer J. Quinlan ◽  
April M. Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTA study was conducted to determine the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi onSalmonellaand enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 (EHEC) in autoclaved soil and translocation into leek plants. Six-week-old leek plants (with [Myc+] or without [Myc−] AM fungi) were inoculated with composite suspensions ofSalmonellaor EHEC at ca. 8.2 log CFU/plant into soil. Soil, root, and shoot samples were analyzed for pathogens on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 postinoculation. Initial populations (day 1) were ca. 3.1 and 2.1 log CFU/root, ca. 2.0 and 1.5 log CFU/shoot, and ca. 5.5 and 5.1 CFU/g of soil forSalmonellaand EHEC, respectively. Enrichments indicated that at days 8 and 22, only 31% of root samples were positive for EHEC, versus 73% positive forSalmonella. The meanSalmonellalevel in soil was 3.4 log CFU/g at day 22, while EHEC populations dropped to ≤0.75 log CFU/g by day 15. Overall,Salmonellasurvived in a greater number of shoot, root, and soil samples, compared with the survival of EHEC. EHEC was not present in Myc− shoots after day 8 (0/16 samples positive); however, EHEC persisted in higher numbers (P= 0.05) in Myc+ shoots (4/16 positive) at days 15 and 22.Salmonella, likewise, survived in statistically higher numbers of Myc+ shoot samples (8/8) at day 8, compared with survival in Myc− shoots (i.e., only 4/8). These results suggest that AM fungi may potentially enhance the survival ofE. coliO157:H7 andSalmonellain the stems of growing leek plants.

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