Total, water-soluble and acid-soluble arabinoxylans in western Canadian barleys

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Fleury ◽  
M. J. Edney ◽  
L. D. Campbell ◽  
G. H. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acid Extract ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Cooperative Program ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Total P

Non-starch polysaccharides, such as β-glucan and arabinoxylan, are often implicated as a cause of the poor feeding value of barley for poultry. Levels of arabinoxylan in Canadian barley types, though, have not been thoroughly investigated. Total, water-extract and acid-extract arabinoxylan levels were determined for six-rowed (covered), two-rowed (covered) and hulless (both six- and two-rowed) barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars and genotypes grown in the 1991 Western Canadian Barley Cooperative Program. Analyses were performed using a dichromatic modification of the orcinol method. The six-rowed barley types contained significantly greater total, water-extract and acid-extract arabinoxylan concentrations than hulless or two-rowed types (P < 0.05). In hulless barley, total (P < 0.01), water-extract (P < 0.01), and acid-extract (P < 0.05) levels of arabinoxylan were, respectively, less than, greater than and similar to levels of arabinoxylan in samples of two-rowed barley. Environment had a significant effect on levels of water-extract (P < 0.01) and acid-extract (P < 0.05) arabinoxylan. Genetic differences affected the arabinoxylan content of cultivars and genotypes within each of the barley types (P < 0.05). Levels of acid-extract arabinoxylan were positively correlated with the viscosities of acid extracts of the barleys (P < 0.001). Key words: Arabinoxylan, barley, viscosity, acid-extract, pentosans

scholarly journals Correlation of saponarin content with biosynthesis-related gene expression in hulled and hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
HanGyeol Lee ◽  
Jae-Hyeok Park ◽  
A Mi Yoon ◽  
Young-Cheon Kim ◽  
Chul Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Hulless Barley

Innovative Strategies for Lipid-Based Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneet Sharma ◽  
Sabna Kotta ◽  
Mohd Aleem ◽  
Shubham Singh ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Absorption ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Selection Of

In the last decade, there has been a mounting concern in lipid-based formulations to deliver water-soluble drugs. Lipid-based drug delivery systems are one of the budding and promising technologies designed to tackle the poor bioavailability problems. This chapter stresses the different mechanisms of lipophilic drug absorption along with its advantages and limitations. It points out the different mechanisms of how lipid-based excipients and the different formulations interact with the absorption process. This review provides a comprehensive summary about the lipid formulation classification scheme (LFCS), a guide for the selection of appropriate formulation and commonly used excipients for lipid-based formulations, along with the important factors to be considered in formulation design and excipient selection. This review also focuses on the formulation of solid lipid-based formulations, important evaluation aspects, and commercial formulations available for the purpose.

scholarly journals Apple Pomace Extract as a Sustainable Food Ingredient

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro A. R. Fernandes ◽  
Sónia S. Ferreira ◽  
Rita Bastos ◽  
Isabel Ferreira ◽  
Maria T. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Sustainable Solutions

Apple pomace is a by-product of apple processing industries with low value and thus frequent disposal, although with valuable compounds. Acidified hot water extraction has been suggested as a clean, feasible, and easy approach for the recovery of polyphenols. This type of extraction allowed us to obtain 296 g of extract per kg of dry apple pomace, including 3.3 g of polyphenols and 281 g of carbohydrates. Ultrafiltration and solid-phase extraction using C18 cartridges of the hot water extract suggested that, in addition to the apple native polyphenols detected by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a diode-array detector and mass spectrometry UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn, polyphenols could also be present as complexes with carbohydrates. For the water-soluble polyphenols, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were observed by inhibiting chemically generated hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and nitrogen monoxide radicals (NO•) produced in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. The water-soluble polyphenols, when incorporated into yogurt formulations, were not affected by fermentation and improved the antioxidant properties of the final product. This in vitro research paves the way for agro-food industries to achieve more diversified and sustainable solutions towards their main by-products.

scholarly journals The Anti-Obesity Effect of Polysaccharide-Rich Red Algae (Gelidium amansii) Hot-Water Extracts in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Hamsters

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Chiu ◽  
Lu ◽  
Liu ◽  
Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gelidium Amansii

This study investigated the anti-obesity effect of a polysaccharide-rich red algae Gelidium amansii hot-water extract (GHE) in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese hamsters. GHE contained 68.54% water-soluble indigestible carbohydrate polymers. Hamsters were fed with a HF diet for 5 weeks to induce obesity, and then randomly divided into: HF group, HF with 3% guar gum diet group, HF with 3% GHE diet group, and HF with orlistat (200 mg/kg diet) group for 9 weeks. The increased weights of body, liver, and adipose in the HF group were significantly reversed by GHE supplementation. Lower plasma leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels were observed in the GHE+HF group compared to the HF group. GHE also increased the lipolysis rate and decreased the lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissues. GHE induced an increase in the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 in the livers. The decreased triglyceride and total cholesterol in the plasma and liver were also observed in obese hamsters fed a diet with GHE. These results suggest that GHE exerts a down-regulation effect on hepatic lipid metabolism through AMPK phosphorylation and up-regulation of PPARα and UCP-2 in HF-induced obese hamsters.

Intraspecific Differential Response of Wild Oat and Barley to Barban

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Jacobsohn ◽  
Robert N. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
In The Wild

Two wild oat(Avena fatuaL.) biotypes and two barley(Hordeum vulgareL.) varieties known to have intraspecific differential response to foliarly-applied 4-chloro-2-butynylm-chlorocarbanilate (barban) were studied. When barban was applied to the roots, the intraspecific differential response (measured by shoot retardation) was maintained in both species but to a much lesser extent than previously observed with foliar application. Wild oat maintained a greater differential response than barley. Therefore, the factors causing the differential response to foliarly-applied barban may reside primarily in the leaves of both species but to some extent elsewhere (perhaps at the plant apex) in the wild oat biotypes and to a lesser extent elsewhere in the barley varieties. Differential response to foliar applications was not caused by differential uptake, but may be caused primarily by the susceptible biotype or variety's reduced ability to degrade barban beyond 3-chloroaniline. This might cause the greater build-up of compound X (a water-soluble 3-chloroaniline-containing metabolite of barban) observed in the susceptible biotype or variety. Compound X appeared to be nonphytotoxic. The build-up of compound X in turn may reduce the rate of metabolism of barban resulting in the greater amount of free barban found in the treated leaf of the susceptible biotype or variety 12 to 24 hr after treatment. This greater amount of free barban in the leaf of the susceptible biotype or variety may be responsible for the differential response to foliar applications of barban. Evidence for this partial explanation of the differential response was better for barley than for wild oat.

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