Prevalence of intestinal parasites in a range of animal hosts and potential implications to animal and human health in Edo, Nigeria

SummaryRegarding geographical distribution and clinical relevance, the most common canine geohelminths are Toxocara canis, ancylostomatids, and Trichuris vulpis. Canine intestinal parasites from the soil and sand present an important potential serious human health hazard, especially for the children preschool and school – age. This paper aimed to establish the degree of contamination of soil and sand with zoonotic parasites from the canine feces and the degree of risk they could pose for human health in public places and playgrounds in the city of Niš. Our parasitological study involved 200 soil samples and 50 sand samples from the public parks in the city of Niš in southeastern Serbia (43°19′15″N, 21°53′45″ E). From several locations, about 100 g of soil and sand was collected based on the bioclimatic indices. Parasitological diagnosis was performed using conventional qualitative and quantitative coprological methods, abiding by the recommendations about the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. In 38 – 46 % of soil samples and 40 % of sand samples seven species of endoparasites were diagnosed. In the samples of soil, a medium and high degree of contamination with the ascarid T. canis (14 – 22 %) was detected, as well as a low and medium degree of contamination with ancylostomatids (4 – 12 %), and in the samples of sand, a variable degree of contamination with the helminths T. canis (26 %) and A. alata (16 %) was found. A statistically significant difference was found in the contamination with A. alata eggs between the samples of sand and samples of soil. The studied public surfaces represent the reservoir of zoonotic parasites, which is a public health problem requiring a synergistic action of several factors to be successfully resolved, i.e. the implementation of prevention, surveillance, and control measures.

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Relationship between Phylogenetic Groups, Genotypic Clusters, and Virulence Gene Profiles of Escherichia coli Strains from Diverse Human and Animal Sources

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00275-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 73 (18) ◽

pp. 5703-5710 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Satoshi Ishii ◽

Katriya P. Meyer ◽

Michael J. Sadowsky

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Human Health ◽

Animal Species ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Health Hazards ◽

Dna Fingerprint ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

Animal Hosts ◽

Potential Human Health

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli strains in water may originate from various sources, including humans, farm and wild animals, waterfowl, and pets. However, potential human health hazards associated with E. coli strains present in various animal hosts are not well known. In this study, E. coli strains from diverse human and animal sources in Minnesota and western Wisconsin were analyzed for the presence of genes coding for virulence factors by using multiplex PCR and biochemical reactions. Of the 1,531 isolates examined, 31 (2%) were found to be Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains. The majority of these strains, which were initially isolated from the ruminants sheep, goats, and deer, carried the stx 1c and/or stx 2d, ehxA, and saa genes and belonged to E. coli phylogenetic group B1, indicating that they most likely do not cause severe human diseases. All the STEC strains, however, lacked eae. In contrast, 26 (1.7%) of the E. coli isolates examined were found to be potential enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains and consisted of several intimin subtypes that were distributed among various human and animal hosts. The EPEC strains belonged to all four phylogenetic groups examined, suggesting that EPEC strains were relatively widespread in terms of host animals and genetic background. Atypical EPEC strains, which carried an EPEC adherence factor plasmid, were identified among E. coli strains from humans and deer. DNA fingerprint analyses, done using the horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced repetitive-element, palindromic PCR technique, indicated that the STEC, potential EPEC, and non-STEC ehxA-positive E. coli strains were genotypically distinct and clustered independently. However, some of the potential EPEC isolates were genotypically indistinguishable from nonpathogenic E. coli strains. Our results revealed that potential human health hazards associated with pathogenic E. coli strains varied among the animal hosts that we examined and that some animal species may harbor a greater number of potential pathogenic strains than other animal species.

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Risks To Human Health From Intestinal Parasites Carried By Household Dogs

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isee.2015.2015-1685 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 (1) ◽

pp. 1685

Author(s):

Maria Anete Lallo ◽

Diva Denelle Spadacci-Morena ◽

Carolina Oliveira Dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Intestinal Parasites

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Pinning down the role of common luminal intestinal parasitic protists in human health and disease – status and challenges

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182019000039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 146 (6) ◽

pp. 695-701 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christen Rune Stensvold

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Disease Status ◽

Limited Data ◽

Eukaryotic Diversity ◽

Intestinal Pathology ◽

The Status ◽

Health And Disease ◽

The Impact

AbstractWhile some single-celled intestinal parasites are direct causes of diarrhoea and other types of intestinal pathology, the impact of other gut micro-eukaryotes on human health remains elusive. The fact that some common luminal intestinal parasitic protists (CLIPPs) have lately been found more often in healthy than in diseased individuals has fuelled the hypothesis that some parasites might in fact be protective against disease. To this end, the use of new DNA technologies has helped us investigate trans-kingdom relationships in the gut. However, research into these relationships is currently hampered by the limited data available on the genetic diversity within the CLIPPs genera, which results in limited efficacy of publicly available DNA sequence databases for taxonomic annotation of sequences belonging to the eukaryotic component of the gut microbiota. In this paper, I give a brief overview of the status on CLIPPs in human health and disease and challenges related to the mapping of intestinal eukaryotic diversity of the human gut.

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Endemic Australian arboviruses of human health significance

Microbiology Australia ◽

10.1071/ma18024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

David W Smith

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Virus Replication ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Urban Populations ◽

Temperature Conditions ◽

Virus Activity ◽

Mosquito Breeding ◽

Health Significance ◽

Animal Hosts ◽

Arbovirus Infection

Each year many thousands of cases of human arbovirus infection are notified within Australia, acquired either within Australia or when travelling overseas1. These cause diseases varying from fever and aches, to debilitating joint disease, to encephalitis and death. The arboviruses endemic to Australia are all maintained in a cycle between mosquitoes (and rarely midges) and a bird or mammalian host2. As such, the virus activity is dependent on rainfall and temperature conditions that are conducive to mosquito breeding, and to virus replication and amplification (Figure 1). Those conditions being met, there have to be suitable amplifying animal hosts nearby, and their absence is one of the factors that protects most of the larger urban populations in Australia. Then, of course, humans have to be exposed to the infected mosquitoes to get disease.

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Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18002741 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin B. Clark

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Gut Bacteria ◽

Infection Cycle ◽

Fair Weather ◽

Host Health ◽

Microbe Interactions ◽

Animal Hosts ◽

Host Infection ◽

Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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Lycopene alleviates sulfamethoxazole-induced hepatotoxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo01638a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 8547-8559

Author(s):

Hongjing Zhao ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Mengyao Mu ◽

Menghao Guo ◽

Hongxian Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Human Health ◽

Grass Carp ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Ctenopharyngodon Idellus

Antibiotics are used worldwide to treat diseases in humans and other animals; most of them and their secondary metabolites are discharged into the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat to human health.

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Advances in Plant Phenolics: From Chemistry to Human Health

10.1021/bk-2018-1286 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Plant Phenolics

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Emerging Nutrition Gaps in a World of Affluence - Micronutrient Intake and Status Globally

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000068 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 238-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manfred Eggersdorfer ◽

Paul Walter

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Human Health ◽

Old Age ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

New Science ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Micronutrient Intake

Nutrition is important for human health in all stages of life - from conception to old age. Today we know much more about the molecular basis of nutrition. Most importantly, we have learnt that micronutrients, among other factors, interact with genes, and new science is increasingly providing more tools to clarify this interrelation between health and nutrition. Sufficient intake of vitamins is essential to achieve maximum health benefit. It is well established that in developing countries, millions of people still suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However, it is far less recognized that we face micronutrient insufficiencies also in developed countries.

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