Evaluation of a concentrated milk replacer and a vitamin-amino acid-iron-electrolyte supplement on baby pig survival and performance

Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid widely used in sports nutrition, especially because of its immunomodulatory role. Notwithstanding, glutamine plays several other biological functions, such as cell proliferation, energy production, glycogenesis, ammonia buffering, maintenance of the acid-base balance, among others. Thus, this amino acid began to be investigated in sports nutrition beyond its effect on the immune system, attributing to glutamine various properties, such as an anti-fatigue role. Considering that the ergogenic potential of this amino acid is still not completely known, this review aimed to address the main properties by which glutamine could delay fatigue, as well as the effects of glutamine supplementation, alone or associated with other nutrients, on fatigue markers and performance in the context of physical exercise. PubMed database was selected to examine the literature, using the keywords combination “glutamine” and “fatigue”. Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated in this integrative literature review. Most of the studies evaluated observed that glutamine supplementation improved some fatigue markers, such as increased glycogen synthesis and reduced ammonia accumulation, but this intervention did not increase physical performance. Thus, despite improving some fatigue parameters, glutamine supplementation seems to have limited effects on performance.

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Effects of an Amino Acid/Creatine Energy Supplement on the Acute Hormonal Response to Resistance Exercise

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.17.6.608 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 608-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nicholas A. Ratamess ◽

Jay R. Hoffman ◽

Ryan Ross ◽

Miles Shanklin ◽

Avery D. Faigenbaum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Hormonal Response ◽

Energy Supplement ◽

And Performance

The authors aimed to examine the acute hormonal and performance responses to resistance exercise with and without prior consumption of an amino acid/creatine/energy supplement. Eight men performed a resistance-exercise protocol at baseline (BL), 20 min after consuming a supplement (S) consisting of essential amino acids, creatine, taurine, caffeine, and glucuronolactone or a maltodextrin placebo (P). Venous blood samples were obtained before and immediately after (IP), 15 min (15P), and 30 min (30P) after each protocol. Area under the curve of resistance-exercise volume revealed that BL was significantly less than S (10%) and P (8.6%). For fatigue rate, only S (18.4% ± 12.0%) was significantly lower than BL (32.9% ± 8.4%). Total testosterone (TT) and growth hormone (GH) were significantly elevated at IP and 15P in all conditions. The GH response was significantly lower, however, in S and P than in BL. The TT and GH responses did not differ between S and P. These results indicated that a supplement consisting of amino acids, creatine, taurine, caffeine, and glucuronolactone can modestly improve high-intensity endurance; however, the anabolic-hormonal response was not augmented.

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Metabolic and performance responses to the replacement of lactose by fat in milk replacer formulations for dairy calves

animal ◽

10.1016/j.animal.2020.100031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 100031

Author(s):

T.T. Yohe ◽

H. Berends ◽

L.N. Leal ◽

J.N. Wilms ◽

M.A. Steele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Calves ◽

Milk Replacer ◽

And Performance

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DIGESTIBILITY OF MILK REPLACERS CONTAINING RAPESEED OIL, FED TO DAIRY CALVES UNDER A MONTH OLD

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas74-045 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 331-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. M. BELL ◽

SANDRA C. M. ADAMS

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Milk Replacer ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Fish Protein ◽

Brewers Yeast ◽

Time Utilization ◽

Milk Replacers

Sixteen calves 3–28 days of age were fed milk replacers containing 15% added fat with 0, 5, 10 or 15% rapeseed oil (27% erucic acid) substituting for lard. The protein in these replacers was entirely of milk origin. The rapeseed oil was 69% digestible, compared to 94% for the lard, and its use resulted in depression of the digestibility of protein from 80 to 66% as the portion of rapeseed oil rose from 0 to 15%. Three calves were fed a milk replacer containing 10% lard and 10% rapeseed oil, in which 60% of the protein of milk origin was replaced by protein from fish protein concentrate and from brewers’ yeast. The calves showed progressive improvement in their ability to digest amino acids in successive 2-day periods. Average amino acid digestibility increased from 72% at 4–6 days of age to 87% at 16–18 days of age, at which time utilization about equalled that expected on milk-origin diets.

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Reduced protein diet and amino acid concentration alter intestinal barrier function and performance of broiler chickens with or without synthetic glucocorticoid

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps/pey563 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (9) ◽

pp. 3662-3675 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R Barekatain ◽

G Nattrass ◽

A J Tilbrook ◽

K Chousalkar ◽

S Gilani

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Amino Acid Concentration ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

And Performance ◽

Synthetic Glucocorticoid

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The digestibility and performance of complementary feedingstuffs using maillard reaction products in the post weaning pig

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200019876 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 84-84

Author(s):

M. J. Hutchinson ◽

M. E. E. McCann ◽

V Beattie

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Maillard Reaction ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Maillard Reaction Products ◽

Reaction Products ◽

High Quality ◽

Cooking Process ◽

Weaning Pig ◽

And Performance

The addition of ‘high quality’ complementary feedingstuffs to the diet of the post weaning pig can positively impact on growth and lean muscle deposition. The Maillard Reaction bonds amino acid and sugar molecules together, and is one of the major pathways in the chemical changes that occur in the cooking process. Cooking of feedingstuffs has been shown to improve the digestibility and nutritive value of a diet (Pickford et al, 1992). In this study, lysine (Lys), methionine (Met) and threonine (Thr) where chemically reacted with sugar molecules to give in vitro early Maillard Reaction Products (MRP). The aim of this study was to assess what effect the addition of a solution of these MRPs to a complementary feedingstuff (Matan XL) would have on overall diet digestibility and subsequent piglet performance.

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