scholarly journals LITTER MATE CORRELATIONS IN THE WEIGHT OF PIGS

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kirchoff ◽  
D. F. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Litter Mate

Studies on the muscless of meat animals:V. Inter- and intra-litter differences in the composition of Longissimus dorsi muscles from pigs

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lawrie ◽  
D. P. Gatherum
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Large White ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Litter Mate

1. The percentage of intramuscular fat (and its iodine number), of moisture (fat-free), and of total, myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic, stroma and non-protein nitrogens in lumbar 1. dorsi muscles, and their ultimate pH, fibre diameter, cross-sectional area and weight (both absolutely and as a percentage of the total musculature) were determined at bacon weight in two male and two female litter-mate pigs from each of four pure-bred sows mated with one boar of the same breed. Such data were obtained for pigs of Large White, Landrace and Welsh breeds.

The abnormalities of the inner ear in kreisler mice

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-490
Author(s):  
M. S. Deol
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Otic Vesicle ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Abnormal Position ◽  
Sectioned Material

The recessive gene kreisler (symbol kr) was discovered by Hertwig (1942a), who later described its effects on behaviour (1942b) and the inner ear (1944, 1956). She found that it was possible to trace the anomalies of the ear back to 9-day embryos, when the otic vesicle can be seen to be situated in an abnormal position. The present study was aimed at discovering the cause of this abnormality, and at giving a fuller account of the later development of the ear. Material and Methods The particulars of the sectioned material are given in Table 1. Only litter-mate controls were used throughout. The embryos were fixed in Bouin's fluid, sectioned at 7½ or 10 μ, depending on their age, and stained with Ehrlich's haematoxylin and eosin. The older material was fixed in Witmaack's fluid or formalin, sectioned at 10 μ, and stained either the same way or with cresyl violet or Weil's iron haematoxylin.

NUMBERS OF NORMAL AND ATRETIC OOCYTES IN UNILATERALLY SPAYED RATS

1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANITA M. MANDL ◽  
S. ZUCKERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Litter Mate

A quantitative study of the number of oocytes at different stages of development in the remaining ovary of unilaterally spayed rats has confirmed earlier results reported by Arai [1920a]. The ovary doubles in weight, and produces as many mature Graafian follicles as are found in the two ovaries of litter-mate controls. The number of primordial oocytes remains at the level normal for one ovary.

Abstract P131: Jak2 Expression In Cd11c+ Myeloid Cells Plays A Role In Salt-sensitive Hypertension Through An Enac-dependent Mechanism.

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luul A Aden ◽  
Ashley Pitzer ◽  
Samantha Grimes ◽  
Evan C Ray ◽  
Thomas R Kleyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Ester Hydrochloride ◽  
Methyl Ester Hydrochloride ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Salt Sensitive Hypertension ◽  
Wildtype Littermate ◽  
Volume Retention ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Hypertension is a major risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. Excess dietary salt contributes to inflammation and the genesis of hypertension. We recently found that gamma and alpha subunits of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaCαγ) on dendritic cells mediate NADPH oxidase-dependent formation of immunogenic isolevuglandin (IsoLG)-protein adducts leading to inflammation and salt-sensitive hypertension. We hypothesized that Jak2 expression, specifically in CD11c + myeloid cells, regulates expression of ENaCγ and promotes salt-sensitive hypertension. Our results indicate that deletion of Jak2 in CD11c + myeloid cells reduced the salt-induced expression of ENaCγ in CD11c+ cells. Moreover, mice lacking Jak2 in CD11c+ cells developed a blunted hypertensive response (123.8±4.7) during the high salt feeding phase of the N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L- NAME)/high salt model of salt-sensitive hypertension compared to their wildtype littermate controls (140.5±6.5). These mice also exhibited less infiltration of monocyte/macrophages in their kidneys and less volume retention (69.55±5.8) in response to high salt-feeding when compared to the wildtype litter mate controls (57.89±9.5). These results indicate that Jak2 expression in CD11c + myeloid cells plays a role in salt- sensitive hypertension through an ENaC-dependent mechanism.

Effect of level of feed intake on the performance and carcass composition of growing pigs

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Barber ◽  
R. Braude ◽  
K. G. Mitchell ◽  
R. J. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Different Genetic Background ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARY1. Twelve blocks of six enzootic-pneumonia-free Large White litter-mate pigs were individually fed, wet, from 20 to 92 kg live weight on six different levels of feed intake. Four groups were fed according to scales based on live weight and two were fed on a ‘semi-ad libitum’ system. One of the scales used was based on the ARC (1967) recommendations.2. Pigs on ‘semi-ad libitum’ feeding grew significantly faster than those on scale feeding although the feed: gain ratios were similar. Differences in performance between the four scale-fed groups were relatively small.3. Although treatment differences in carcass measurements were in the main small, the commercial grading results favoured the carcasses from the scale-fed pigs. The firmness of backfat assessed by thumb pressure was reduced as the level of feeding was increased.4. The results were compared with those obtained in a similar trial carried out at Shinfield in 1957 using pigs of a completely different genetic background. The general conclusions reached were similar in the two trials, that to obtain the most satisfactory overall results some form of controlled scale-feeding was necessary.

Determination of rate of cross circulation in parabiotic rats with P32-labeled erythrocytes

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Fleming ◽  
Laura Caldwell ◽  
Roberta Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Blood Volumes

Litter-mate female rats parabiosed at 21 days by the Bunster-Meyer method were allowed to mature for several months. Volumes of blood obtained from donor animals were incubated at 37°C with P32, in the form of buffered isotonic sodium phosphate. A plasma-free suspension of labeled erythrocytes was prepared and a sample of known activity was injected into the femoral vein of one member of each parabiotic pair. Four pairs of 100 lambda blood samples, obtained by venipuncture, were taken at varying intervals, for the succeeding 150 minutes. Using the dye dilution principle, it was possible to determine the blood volume of the injected rat after the first sample, and that of the pair at the time of equilibrium. The average blood volume was 6.53% of body weight. The concentration of tagged cells reached equal values in both members of the pairs at an average time of 90 minutes. There was less than a 20% loss of total activity in all the pairs used for determinations. An equation was derived for the calculation of the rate of exchange. The average for 15 pairs was 2.09 blood volumes per hour. The range was from 3.95 bl. vol/hr. in the fastest pair to 0.74 bl. vol/hr. in the slowest.

THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND OF BOVINE GROWTH HORMONE ON THE RESPONSES TO TESTOSTERONE OF PROSTATE, PREPUTIAL, HARDERIAN AND LACHRYMAL GLANDS AND OF BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE IN THE RAT

1975 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. EBLING ◽  
ERIKA EBLING ◽  
VALERIE RANDALL ◽  
J. SKINNER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Independent Action ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Harderian Glands ◽  
Preputial Glands

SUMMARY The relative responses to testosterone of the prostate, preputial, Harderian, and lachrymal glands, the seminal vesicles and the brown adipose tissue, have been compared in litter-mate, castrated and hypophysectomized–castrated rats, with or without treatment with bovine GH. The responses of both prostate and preputial glands, though not the seminal vesicles, were reduced by hypophysectomy, and restored by GH. Growth hormone had some independent action on the preputial glands, but most of its effect was synergistic with testosterone. The response of brown adipose tissue to testosterone was similarly reduced by hypophysectomy, but was not restored by the GH. The weights of the Harderian and lachrymal glands were not affected by castration, but they were considerably reduced by hypophysectomy. Growth hormone had a slight restorative effect on the Harderian glands, but none on the lachrymal glands.

Growth of the Cranial Vault in Rabbits with Congenital Coronal Suture Synostosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie M. Burrows ◽  
Mark P. Mooney ◽  
Timothy D. Smith ◽  
H. Wolfgang Losken ◽  
Michael I. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Cranial Suture ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Clinical Populations

Craniofacial growth data from craniosynostotic children have shown that suture immobilization results in predictable restrictions of cranial vault growth in a direction perpendicular to the affected suture and compensatory growth at sutures perpendicular to the affected one. This study tests these predictions by using rabbits with nonsyndromic congenital coronal suture synostosis. Data were collected from 96 rabbits divided into three groups: 42 unaffected litter mate controls, 33 partially synostosed rabbits, and 21 completely synostosed rabbits. Markers were placed bilaterally on either side of the vault sutures at 1.5 weeks of age. Serial radiographs were taken at 1.5, 6, 12, and 18 weeks of age for assessment of growth at the vault sutures and of various cranial landmarks. Results revealed that completely synostosed animals had significantly (p <.05) shorter cranial vaults, reduced growth at the coronal suture, and increased growth at the sagittal, frontal, and squamosal sutures compared with unaffected rabbits. Results also showed that the calvarial growth observed in this craniosynostotic rabbit model closely reflects predicted compensatory patterns seen in human clinical populations and that this rabbit model is valuable for understanding the pathogeneses and craniofacial growth patterns of humans with premature cranial suture synostosis.

scholarly journals Brief Report: Transplantation of Allogeneic Canine Bone Marrow Stored at -80 C. in Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 918-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. STORB ◽  
R. B. EPSTEIN ◽  
R. F. LE BLOND ◽  
R. H. RUDOLPH ◽  
E. D. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Unrelated Donors ◽  
Bone Marrow Engraftment ◽  
Allogeneic Marrow ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Prompt initial bone marrow engraftment was observed in 10 lethally irradiated dogs receiving infusions of 9.8 to 30.0 x 109 allogeneic marrow cells stored at -80 C. in dimethyl sulfoxide. The 3 recipients of bone marrow from unrelated donors, mismatched by canine histocompatibility testing, subsequently rejected their grafts and died within 16 days with marrow hypoplasia. The 3 dogs with matched unrelated donors and the 4 with matched litter mate donors all showed sustained marrow engraftment. Evidence of marrow repopulation by allogeneic cells was obtained by cytogenetic studies in one and by change to donor red cell type in 3 instances.

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