Sums and Products of Normal Functions

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
David W. Bash
Keyword(s):  
Riemann Sphere ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Hyperbolic Distance ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Euclidean Metric ◽  
A Value ◽  
Chordal Metric ◽  
Bounded Characteristic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Complex Valued

Let D be the unit disk in the complex plane. Let p(z, z’) denote the hyperbolic distance between z and z’ in ((1 + u)/ (1 — u)) = tanh-1 u, [6, chapter 15]). Let W be the Riemann sphere with the chordal metric. A complex valued function F(Z) in D is a normal function if lor each pair of sequences {zn} and {zn’} of points in D such that the convergence of {(fzn)} to a value α in W implies the convergence of {f(zn’)} to α. Two sequences {zn} and {zn’} of points in D are called close sequences if ρ(zn, zn’) → 0. (There are several equivalent definitions of normality if the functions are meromorphic.) The definition of a normal function implies that a normal function is continuous at each point of D when using the Euclidean metric in the domain and the chordal metric in the range.We wish to study the sums and products of normal functions. Some functions, such as a function in a Hardy p-class, p > 0, (or really any function of bounded characteristic) can be written as a sum or product of two normal functions, but sums and products of normal functions need not be normal (see Lappan [7]).

H2/O2 Cycles: Thermodynamic Potentialities and Limits

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gambini ◽  
G. L. Guizzi ◽  
M. Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycles ◽  
A Value ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
O2 Production

In this paper, the thermodynamic potentialities and limits of the H2/O2 cycles are investigated. Starting from the conventional gas turbine and steam turbine technology, the paper qualitatively tackles problems related to a change of oxidizer and fuel: from these considerations, an internal combustion steam cycle (ICSC) is analyzed where steam, injected in the combustion chamber together with oxygen and hydrogen, is produced in a regenerative way and plays the important role of inert. A proper parametric analysis is then performed in order to evaluate the influence of the main working parameters on the overall performance of H2/O2 cycles. All the results are carried out neglecting the energy requirements for O2 and H2 production systems, but taking into account their work compression only. This choice permits great freedom in the definition of these thermodynamic cycles and allows general considerations because there is no need of any specification about H2 and/or O2 production systems and their integration with thermodynamic cycles. Therefore this paper can be framed in a context of oxygen and hydrogen centralized production (by nuclear or renewable energy sources for example) and in their distribution as pure gases in the utilization place. Adopting realistic assumptions, TIT of about 1350°C, the potentialities of H2/O2 cycles are very limited: the net efficiency attains a value of about 50%. Instead, adopting futurist assumptions, TIT = I700°C, a different H2/O2 cycle scheme can be proposed and more interesting performance is attained (a net efficiency value over 60%). The thermodynamic and technological aspects are completely addressed in the paper, underlining the great importance of the choice of the main working parameters.

scholarly journals Plasmolipin and Its Role in Cell Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-785
Author(s):  
A. A. Shulgin ◽  
T. D. Lebedev ◽  
V. S. Prassolov ◽  
P. V. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Virus Entry ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Main Component

Abstract The mechanisms involved in the origin and development of malignant and neurodegenerative diseases are an important area of modern biomedicine. A crucial task is to identify new molecular markers that are associated with rearrangements of intracellular signaling and can be used for prognosis and the development of effective treatment approaches. The proteolipid plasmolipin (PLLP) is a possible marker. PLLP is a main component of the myelin sheath and plays an important role in the development and normal function of the nervous system. PLLP is involved in intracellular transport, lipid raft formation, and Notch signaling. PLLP is presumably involved in various disorders, such as cancer, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLLP and its homologs were identified as possible virus entry receptors. The review summarizes the data on the PLLP structure, normal functions, and role in diseases.

scholarly journals Sustainability as “Value of Cooperatives”—Can (Wine) Cooperatives Use Sustainability as a Driver for a Brand Concept?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12344
Author(s):  
Barbara Richter ◽  
Jon H. Hanf
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
A Value ◽  
Brand Concept ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shed Light

Similar to the number of agricultural cooperatives in the European Union, the number of German wine cooperatives is decreasing. The main purpose of the wine cooperatives is to support the member businesses with the highest possible payouts for their grapes. Wine cooperatives can fulfil this purpose by implementing a differentiation strategy. On the one hand, brands can be used for differentiation. On the other hand, cooperatives can use particular values in the communication with customers that correspond to the target group’s values. Based on the definition of the International Co-operative Alliance, cooperatives are a sustainable form of enterprise. Therefore, the question arises whether it is possible to use sustainability as a value that corresponds to cooperatives as a form of enterprise as well as to a strong societal value that gains importance. Which role does social capital play in the context of social sustainability? The aim of this paper is to shed light on the understanding of brands, to show which cooperative-specific characteristics might pose a challenge to cooperatives in terms of brand management and to examine the understanding of the sustainability construct as well as sustainable management practices applied by wine cooperatives to date. Two exploratory, qualitative studies have been conducted.

scholarly journals Néron models and limits of Abel–Jacobi mappings

2010 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Green ◽  
Phillip Griffiths ◽  
Matt Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Normal Function ◽  
Motivic Cohomology ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Geometric Setting ◽  
Neron Models ◽  
A Finite Group ◽  
Intermediate Jacobian ◽  
Néron Models ◽  
Singular Fibre ◽  
Finite Singularity

AbstractWe show that the limit of a one-parameter admissible normal function with no singularities lies in a non-classical sub-object of the limiting intermediate Jacobian. Using this, we construct a Hausdorff slit analytic space, with complex Lie group fibres, which ‘graphs’ such normal functions. For singular normal functions, an extension of the sub-object by a finite group leads to the Néron models. When the normal function comes from geometry, that is, a family of algebraic cycles on a semistably degenerating family of varieties, its limit may be interpreted via the Abel–Jacobi map on motivic cohomology of the singular fibre, hence via regulators onK-groups of its substrata. Two examples are worked out in detail, for families of 1-cycles on CY and abelian 3-folds, where this produces interesting arithmetic constraints on such limits. We also show how to compute the finite ‘singularity group’ in the geometric setting.

scholarly journals Inflation constraints for classes of f(R) models

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1850209
Author(s):  
Joseph Ntahompagaze ◽  
Jean Damascène Mbarubucyeye ◽  
Shambel Sahlu ◽  
Amare Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
A Value ◽  
Slow Roll ◽  
Theories Of Gravity ◽  
Text Model ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Inflationary Parameters

In this paper, we explore the equivalence between two theories, namely [Formula: see text] and scalar–tensor theories of gravity. We use this equivalence to explore several [Formula: see text] toy models focusing on the inflation epoch of the early universe. The study is done based on the definition of the scalar field in terms of the first derivative of [Formula: see text] model. We have applied the slow-roll approximations during inflationary parameters consideration. The comparison of the numerically computed inflationary parameters with the observations is done. We have inspected that some of the [Formula: see text] models produce numerical values of [Formula: see text] that are in the same range as the suggested values from observations. But for the case of the tensor-to-scalar ratio [Formula: see text], we realized that some of the considered [Formula: see text] models suffer to produce a value which is in agreement with the observed values for different considered space parameter.

VALUE CONSCIOUSNESS: AN ATTEMPT TO DEFINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR KUZMENKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Idea ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
A Value ◽  
Value Consciousness ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Objective Being

The purpose of the research. The article consider value consciousness is a special sphere of human consciousness that has its own structure and characteristic features. It was discovered in the phenomenological axiology of E. Husserl, M. Scheler, N. Hartmann and D. von Hildebrand. One of the main achievements was the discovery of value intuition-a sense of comprehension of values. The purpose of this article is to systematize knowledge about value consciousness. Results. Value consciousness has its own structure: value intuition; affectivity; free will; evaluation, evaluative judgments; rationality and prejudice of value. The value prejudice plays a general idea of the value consciousness. The way to realize value consciousness is a value response. It performs cognitive and praxiological roles. The definition of value consciousness is given as a way of correlating the real and ideal worlds, through which a person enters into value relations with the world and embodies values. The boundaries between personal and group types of value consciousness are drawn: individual consciousness is more affective, values are realized only through it, it is more complex. Positive and negative experiences, especially suffering and the feeling of death, are identified as sources of value consciousness formation. The fundamental characteristic of value consciousness is its determination by both ideal and real worlds, which leads to the emergence of “disconnection”. This is alienation from objective being, good, higher values as a result of the defeat of consciousness by “value blindness”, moral indifference. They are based on the love of low things, due to the inability to know the highest values.

Executable statements

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Schenck ◽  
Peter Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Target Variable ◽  
A Value ◽  
Assignment Statement ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Case Statement ◽  
Local Variable

Executable statements define the actions of functions, procedures and rules. They define the logic and actions needed to support the definition of constraints by acting on parameters, local variables and constants. The shortest possible ‘executable’ statement is just a semicolon. It is called a null statement because it does nothing. Such a statement is not useless, however, as you can use a null statement to stake out territory for future use, or perhaps to make the absence of a statement stand out more clearly as in the example following. …IF a = 13 THEN ; -- do nothing ELSE b := 5 ; -- otherwise give b a value END_IF ;... The Alias statement gives a short name (alias) to an identifier that might be long or clumsy to write. The alias exists only in the scope of the alias statement and references to the alias is the same as writing out the identifier out in full. The assignment statement is used to give a value to a local variable or parameter. The type of the expression assigned to the variable must be compatible with the variable or parameter. Some assignments are shown below. The target variable and the expression being assigned to it are assignment compatible if any of the following hold true: • The types are the same. • The expression results in a type which is a subtype of the type declared for the variable being assigned to. • The type of the variable being assigned to is a select type and the expression results in a type which is a member of that select type. The Case statement executes one (or perhaps zero) statement based on the value of an expression. The statement executed is chosen depending on the value of the Selector. The case statement consists of an expression, which is the case selector and a list of alternative actions, each one preceded by a case label. Agreement between the type of the case label and the case selector is required. The first occurring statement having a case label that evaluates to the same value of the case selector is executed.

Definition of a Protocol for the Knowledge, the Analysis and the Communication of the Architectural Heritage

2017 ◽  
pp. 94-131
Author(s):  
Marinella Arena
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
A Value ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Definition Of

The communication of architecture is a complex and multidisciplinary process, indispensable for enhancing a monument properly and to allow understanding and knowledge to a large number of users. The European Architectural Heritage, and the Italian one in particular, is enormous; the processes of knowledge, cataloguing and analysis are far from being complete. This fact has prompted the European Union to invest, especially in recent years, in research projects designed to increase the communication strategies and put a value on the present assets in its territory. For example, the programs of the European Commission for Research and Innovation, found in “Horizon 2020”, define the communication based on the new media as the new frontier for the enhancement of architectural heritage (Reflective Cities). The main goal is to develop a better awareness of the Architectural Heritage through increased interaction between the citizen, the monument and the scientific community.

Mental Illness

Clean Hands ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Jesse S. Summers ◽  
Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
A Value ◽  
Definition Of

Scrupulosity is a mental illness. This is not determined simply by inclusion in or exclusion from the current DSM. The features that characterize Scrupulosity needn’t be disordered, and this chapter addresses skepticism—eliminativism and social constructionism—about mental illness more generally. Illnesses, according to skeptics about mental illness, require physical markers and a value-free diagnosis. These are not present for Scrupulosity, nor are they present for many mental illnesses. The chapter considers dysfunction and harm as definitive of mental illness. It then examines the DSM-5 definition of mental illness and finds that Scrupulosity fits that definition.

Possibility of Uniform Rational Approximation in the Spherical Metric

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Gauthier ◽  
A. Roth ◽  
J. L. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Compact Subset ◽  
Rational Approximation ◽  
Complex Plane ◽  
Riemann Sphere ◽  
Rational Functions ◽  
Finite Complex ◽  
Finite Plane ◽  
Extended Plane ◽  
Chordal Metric

Let ƒ b e a mapping defined on a compact subset K of the finite complex plane C and taking its values on the extended plane C ⋃ ﹛ ∞﹜. For x a metric on the extended plane, we consider the possibility of approximating ƒ x-uniformly on K by rational functions. Since all metrics on C ⋃ ﹛oo ﹜ are equivalent, we shall consider that x is the chordal metric on the Riemann sphere of diameter one resting on a finite plane at the origin.

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