Association of Diet, Vitamin D Status, and Race/Ethnicity on Body Composition of Young Children (4 to 6 Years Old) Living in Southeastern United States

Studies on vitamin D status and its determinants in growing children in countries with ample sunshine such as Malaysia have been limited. The aim of our study was to determine factors associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations such as lifestyle, dietary intake, anthropometry, and body composition in 243 pre-adolescent Malaysian children from low-income families living in Kuala Lumpur. This cross-sectional study measured bone density and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while serum 25(OH)D was measured using LC–MS/MS. Time spent outdoors, body surface area exposed to sunlight, dietary intake, and physical activity level were assessed using questionnaires. Multiple linear regression and stepwise analysis were performed to identify significant predictors for serum 25(OH)D. About 69.4% had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L, and 18.9% were vitamin-D-deficient with 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L. Girls had a nine-fold higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than boys. Body surface area exposed to sunlight, Sun Index, and fat mass were significant predictors of 25(OH)D concentrations in this population. Modifiable lifestyle factors such as sun exposure and reducing obesity are important public health guidance to ensure optimal vitamin D status in these children.

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Vitamin D status in hospitalized male patients in Ain Shams University Hospitals and relation to body composition

Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation ◽

10.4103/1110-161x.189644 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Menna El Araby ◽

HebaY Kamel ◽

TomaderT Abdel Rahman ◽

WessamS Sayed ◽

AhmedK Mortagy

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Male Patients

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VITAMIN D STATUS IN OBESE ADULTS: CORRELATION WITH BODY COMPOSITION AND LIFESTYLE

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2020.110925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75-76 ◽

pp. 110925

Author(s):

L. Cassanmagnago ◽

M. Barsi ◽

S. Combi ◽

E.G. Ferrari ◽

P. Lanzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Obese Adults

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Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, more so than its epimer, has a linear relationship to leaner body composition across infancy in healthy term infants

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2013-0586 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (10) ◽

pp. 1137-1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Tom J. Hazell ◽

Sina Gallo ◽

llze Berzina ◽

Catherine A. Vanstone ◽

Celia Rodd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Z Score ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Weight For Age

Vitamin D status positively associates with skeletal muscle mass and function in adolescents. The C-3 alpha epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (3-epi-25(OH)D3) is high in infants, yet the potential impacts of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 on skeletal muscle development are largely unexplored. The objective of this study was (i) to explore how the concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 track with body composition (lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM)) and (ii) to determine the association between 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 in infancy. Healthy breastfed infants (n = 132) were followed from 1 to 12 months of age as part of a vitamin D dose–response study (NCT00381914). Anthropometry and diet were assessed. Body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 concentrations were evaluated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 increased from 1 to 3 months of age and decreased thereafter (p < 0.05). Infants with 25(OH)D3 concentrations above 75 nmol/L did not have a higher LM (g or %; p > 0.273) than those below this cutoff. LM was not associated with 25(OH)D3, whereas LM% was positively associated with 25(OH)D3 (β = 0.03; CI: 0.01 to 0.06; p = 0.006), while accounting for sex, weight-for-age Z-score, protein and fat intake, and age. For FM, the variables accounting for a significant amount of the variation were plasma 25(OH)D3 concentration (β = −2.38; CI: −4.35, −0.41; p = 0.019), weight-for-age Z-score, protein and fat intake, and time. In healthy infants, higher vitamin D status associates with leaner body composition, though the effect is smaller in magnitude relative to growth.

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Case Study: The Effect of Nutritional Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Performance of a Female Squash Player

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0069 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 279-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christopher Rosimus

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Body Fat ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

The Body ◽

Full Blood Count ◽

Vitamin D Status

The body composition of a squash player may affect athletic performance as carrying excessive body fat may increase injury risk and impair agility and speed. This case study outlines the effect of a nutritional intervention on body composition, vitamin D status, and physical performance of a female squash player. A structured, 6-week, moderate energy–restricted diet (70–78% of estimated energy requirement of 2,300 kcal) was implemented with weekly support. A daily supplement of vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and a multivitamin and whey protein was used. Full blood count, vitamin D status, body composition, and physical performance assessments were carried out at baseline and Week 6 of intervention. Body composition changes were measured using the BOD POD™ and skinfold calipers. Body fat was 23% at baseline and 22% at Week 6. Mean sum of eight skinfolds was 127.4 ± 2.2 mm at baseline and 107.3 ± 0.4 mm at Week 6. Lean body mass-to-fat mass ratio improved from 3.4 at baseline to 3.7 at Week 6. The greatest increments compared with baseline in serum markers were 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (68%), ferritin (31%), eosinophils (20%), and triglycerides (16%). All physical performance measures improved, with reactive strength index (4.8%), and on-court repeated speed (6.0%) showing the greatest improvements from baseline. This intervention demonstrates that structured energy restriction alongside appropriately structured strength and conditioning training is an effective way to gradually reduce the body fat and improve the body composition of a female athlete.

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Effects of body fat mass and therapeutic weight loss on vitamin D status in privately owned adult dogs

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2018.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tabitha J. Hookey ◽

Robert C. Backus ◽

Allison M. Wara

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Condition ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Ideal Body ◽

Privately Owned

AbstractMore than one-third of humans and companion dogs in Western societies are overweight or obese. In people, vitamin D deficiency is widespread and associated with obesity, a now recognised inflammatory state. Low vitamin D status occurs in dogs with inflammatory conditions, but its relationship with obesity has not been investigated. In otherwise healthy privately owned adult dogs of ideal body condition (control,n7) and dogs with overweight to obese body condition (treatment,n8), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and body composition as inferred from2H-labelled water dilution space were evaluated. Subsequently, the dogs were transitioned to a commercial canine therapeutic weight-loss diet; control dogs were fed to maintain body weight and treatment dogs were energy-restricted to achieve a safe weight-loss rate. Thereafter, serum 25(OH)D concentration was re-evaluated 8 weeks after diet transition, and at the study end, which was 6 months or when ideal body condition was achieved. At study end, body composition analysis was repeated. Initial body condition scores and percentage body fat were positively correlated (ρ = 0·891;P< 0·001). However, percentage body fat and serum 25(OH)D concentration were not significantly correlated. Final serum 25(OH)D concentrations were greater (P< 0·05) than initial concentrations for control and treatment groups, indicating a diet but not weight-loss effect on vitamin D status. These findings suggest that vitamin D status of dogs is not affected by obesity or loss of body fat with therapeutic weight reduction.

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Third Trimester Vitamin D Status Is Associated With Birth Outcomes and Linear Growth of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants in the United States

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/qai.0000000000002041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 336-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christopher R. Sudfeld ◽

Denise L. Jacobson ◽

Noé M. Rueda ◽

Daniela Neri ◽

Armando J. Mendez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Linear Growth ◽

The United States ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Hiv Exposed ◽

Exposed Uninfected

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25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Vitamin D Binding Protein, Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and Body Composition in a Diverse Sample of Women Collegiate Indoor Athletes

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk5020032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Jennifer B. Fields ◽

Sina Gallo ◽

Jenna M. Worswick ◽

Deanna R. Busteed ◽

Margaret T. Jones

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Whole Body ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Women athletes are at higher risk for bone diseases; yet, information on vitamin D status ((25(OH)D), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), and bioavailable 25(OH)D is limited. Collegiate athletes (n = 36) from volleyball (WVB), basketball (WBB), and track and field (WTF) were measured for (25(OH)D), VDBP, and bioavailable 25(OH)D; body composition and bone mineral density (BMD); and skin pigmentation. Participants self-reported daily vitamin D intake and sun exposure. One-way analysis of variance analyzed mean differences in measures across sports. Linear regression examined relationships between 25(OH)D; VDBP; bioavailable 25(OH)D; and whole body, hip, and spine BMD. Participants’ (mean ± SD, 19.4 ± 1.4 years, 172.75 ± 8.21 cm, 70.9 ± 13.2 kg, and 22.9 ± 4.1% body fat) overall mean 25(OH)D was 70.5 ± 32.25 nmol/L, and 28% of participants were deemed inadequate and 61% below thresholds identified as sufficient for athletes. Although WBB athletes consumed higher (p = 0.007) dietary vitamin D (760.9 ± 484.2 IU/d) than WVB (342.6 ± 257.8) and WTF (402.3 ± 376.4) athletes did, there were no differences across sport in serum 25(OH)D. WVB and WTF had higher bioavailable 25(OH)D than WBB. No relationships existed between vitamin D status and body composition. Vitamin D inadequacy was identified among 1/3 of women indoor sport athletes. Consistent monitoring of vitamin D status and diet are recommended to sustain athlete health and sport performance.

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