scholarly journals Estimating the Income Distribution of Some Muslim Countries Based on Entropy Measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Omar Abdul Rahman Kittaneh Omar Abdul Rahman Kittaneh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
Available Information

Having biased and unjustified income distribution in a country can have many unpleasant consequences such as, poor health, frustration and dissatisfaction, increase in social problems and criminal activities, unreliable education systems, etc. Therefore, determining the income distribution of a country is of great importance and benefit for social safety and economic growth. Using real data for the year 2016 for three Muslim countries, Saudi Arabia (KSA), United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Egypt, this paper utilizes the so-called entropy measures in the problem of estimating the income probability distribution, using the least available information or incomplete information such as the average and range of income. The paper also provides rough estimates of the Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Gini Index for each country.

Ragam Bangunan Perundang-Undangan Hukum Keluarga di Negera-Negara Muslim Modern: Kajian Tipologis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Miftahul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Fourth Type ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
The Difference

The reality of the difference in applying Islamic law in the context of marriage law legislation in modern Muslim countries is undeniable. Tunisia and Turkey, for example, have practiced Islamic law of liberal nuance. Unlike the case with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates that still use the application of Islamic law as it is in their fiqh books. In between these two currents many countries are trying to apply the law in their own countries by trying to bridge the urgent new needs and local wisdom. This is widely embraced by modern Muslim countries in general. This paper reviews typologically the heterogeneousness of family law legislation of modern Muslim countries while responding to modernization issues. Typical buildings seen from modern family law reforms can be classified into four types. The first type is progressive, pluralistic and extradoctrinal reform, such as in Turkey and Tunisia. The second type is adaptive, unified and intradoctrinal reform, as in Indonesia, Malaysia, Morocco, Algeria and Pakistan. The third type is adaptive, unified and intradoctrinal reform, represented by Iraq. While the fourth type is progressive, unifiied and extradoctrinal reform, which can be represented by Somalia and Algeria.

scholarly journals Adopsi International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) di Negara-negara Muslim: Perspektif Institutional Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Elsa Nuriyani ◽  
Sepky Mardian
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World

The aim of this study is to discover the adoption of International Financial ReportingStandards convergence enforced in Muslim countries. The population of this study is27 Muslim states in the world, while the sample of this study are 7 Muslim States, i.e.;Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Egypt, Nigeria, United Arab Emirates, andIndonesia. The results of this study indicate that most of the Muslim countries in theworld have converged their accounting standards with IFRS for certain reasons thatarised from each country. Although there are some countries that do not carry out theconvergence throughly due to standard nonconformities with existing policies in thosecountries.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KETIMPANGAN PEDAPATAN DAN DESENTRALISASI DI INDONESIA

KINERJA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Lestari Agusalim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
National Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Regression Approach

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh desentralisasi dalam mendistribusikan pendapatan nasional untuk mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, yaitu PDB sebagai representasi pendapatan nasional dan data indeks gini sebagai representasi tingkat ketimpangan pendapatan dengan rentang waktu 1978-2015. Metode analisis menggunakan regresi linear dengan pendekatan OLS dimana Indeks gini digunakan sebagai variabel dependen, dan PDB sebagai variabel independen. Selain itu, terdapat variabel independen lainnya, yaitu variabel dummy desentralisasi yang berguna untuk mengetahui pengaruh desentralisasi terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dari aspek ekonomi, desentralisasi belum mampu mendistribusikan pertumbuhan ekonomi untuk memperkecil ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Ketimpangan Pendapatan, DesentralisasiAbstractThis research aims to analyze the effect of decentralization on national income distribution and the reduce of income Inequality in Indonesia. This research used secondary data with gross domestic product (GDP) representing national income and gini index data representing income inequality from 1978 to 2015. An OLS Linear Regression approach was employed where the gini index was the dependent variable, and the independent variables were GDP and the Dummy for decentralization implementation. The result revealed that decentralization had not been able to distribute economic growth to minimize income Inequality.Keywords: Economic Growth, Income Inequality, Decentralization

scholarly journals Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhina Vadyza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capita Output

Economic growth is a process of increasing per capita output that occurs continuously in the long run. Economic growth is one indicator of the success of development. Increasingly increasing economic growth usually increases people's welfare. While economic development is an effort to increase per capita income by processing potential economic forces into the real economy through investment, increasing knowledge, increasing skills, using technology, adding management skills and organizing.Economic growth is also related to the increase in "per capita output". The theory must include theories about GDP growth and theories about population growth. Then the third aspect is economic growth in a long-term perspective, that is, if for a long period of time the per capita output shows an increasing tendency.The distribution of income distribution in Indonesia is increasingly uneven. This can be seen from the increasing Indonesian Gini Index. As is known, the Gini index measures the income distribution of a country. The size of the Gini index Between 0 (zero) to 1 (one), the Gini index Equal to 0 (zero) indicates the index that the income distribution is perfectly equal, while the Gini index is 1 (one ) shows that the income distribution is totally uneven. Based on the data, the Indonesian Gini index continues to increase from year to year.The state of income distribution in Indonesia since 1970 can be said not to improve, this is caused by many factors, including the First production factor market (input market) which is the increase in labor supply which results in excess labor, low labor wages and limited employment opportunities in urban areas resulting in unemployment and urban slums.Second, land ownership. Land distribution is the main determinant of the extent of poverty and income distribution.

What Happened to Polarization and Inequality Between 2008 and 2018 in Spain?

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
Rosa María García-Fernández ◽  
Candela Ruiz Tobar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Middle Income

The main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the dynamics of income distribution in Spain between 2008 and 2018 using SILC data. We consider the concepts of polarization and inequality as different aspects of the income distribution. To compute both aspects, we use the measures of Palacios-González and García-Fernández (2012) and the Gini index respectively. Findings indicate that polarization and inequality fluctuate around an upward trend during these years in Spain. Furthermore, the lower and middle income households have been more adversely affected than those with higher incomes, and the middle class has not benefited from the economic growth in Spain.

scholarly journals THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE GLOBAL ISLAMIC FINANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF MUSLIM COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (38) ◽  
pp. 231-239
Author(s):  
A. Batorshyna ◽  
V. Tokar ◽  
L. Kolinets ◽  
L. Sybyrka ◽  
O. Almarashdi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Islamic Insurance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The article discloses development peculiarities of the global Islamic financial industry and determines its interplay with the economic growth of Muslim countries. The aim of the article is to reveal current trends in key segments of the global Islamic finance market (Islamic banking, capital market and Iinsurance) and analyze the impact of each of them on the economic growth of the countries, which are most developed in the field of Islamic finance. The countries surveyed were selected according to the Islamic Finance Development Indicator (IFDI), which reflects the general state of the Islamic financial industry worldwide and in each country. IFDI is based on five indicators: quantitative development (QD), knowledge, governance, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and awareness. In 2019, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Indonesia, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia were the most developed countries in terms of Islamic finance. Examining the impact of different types of Islamic financial assets on the GDP of these Muslim countries, we used Eviews10 to conduct a regression analysis, which showed a positive relationship between GDP and only two types of assets, namely bank and Islamic bonds (sukuk). associated with significant volumes of these segments of the global Islamic financial market and the tradition of investing in key sectors of the economy. We discovered the negative relationship between GDP and Islamic insurance (Takaful) in all countries studied, which can be explained by ineffective investment strategies of Islamic insurance companies, which suffer from low profitability and are unable to increase their assets in line with current trends in innovation and development.  We also found the inverse relationship between Islamic funds and GDPs of the UAE, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia, which may be related to the distribution of financial resources from these countries to other parts of the world and investment cycles, including the waiting period before repatriation of profits and interest; the concentration of funds in major markets makes it impossible to scale their activities in the global market. Keywords: Global islamic finance, Islamic banking, Islamic capital market, Sukuk, Islamic funds, Takaful, Economic growth. JEL Classification G15, O43, O53, Z12 Formulas: 1; fig.: 1; tabl.: 5; bibl.: 20.

scholarly journals Zakat Management Paradigm: Comparison of Indonesia, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia

INFERENSI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
Suryani Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Law ◽  
Tax Deduction

The obligation of Muslims in zakat is expected to help solve the problem of income distribution among human beings. This article aims to find out the management of zakat in Muslim countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. Important findings produced there are differences in the management of zakat in Indonesia, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. From the side of the law it is known that Indonesia and Malaysia do not require zakat in their laws, something different from Arab Saubi has even developed an online-based zakat collection and tax system. While from the zakat collection system, the policy in Malaysia makes zakat a tax deduction.

ANALISIS PENGARUH EKSPOR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ari Mulianta Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
The Relationship

Ekspor merupakan salah satu faktor terjadinya peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara, sejalan dengan hipotesis export-led growth (ELG). Penelitian ini menganalisis perkembangan ekspor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia periode kuartal I 2001 sampai dengan kuartal IV 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dalam menggambarkan perkembangan pertumbuhan ekonomi serta ekspor dan analisis kuantitatif metode Error Correction Model (ECM) dalam menganalisis efek jangka panjang dan jangka pendek dari ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pada periode penelitian, data yang ada menunjukkan bahwa ekspor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia sama-sama mengalami peningkatan. Hasil regresi ECM menunjukkan bahwa ekspor memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, yang mendukung hipotesis bahwa ELG berlaku untuk Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia diperlukan peningkatan kinerja ekspor Indonesia. Peningkatan kinerja ekspor Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya adalah dengan perbaikan sistem administrasi ekspor, peningkatan riset dan pengembangan produk Indonesia, peningkatan sarana dan prasarana infrastruktur, stabilitas nilai tukar dan perluasan pasar non tradisional, termasuk perbaikan struktur ekspor komoditas. Export is one of the factors behind the economic growth which is in line with the export-led growth hypotesis (ELG). This research analyzes the relationship between economic growth and export of Indonesia during first quarter of 2001 until fourth quarter of 2015. It employs descriptive analysis to describe export movement and economic growth during the study period and ECM model to analyze the long run and the short run effects of export on the economic growth. The available information indicated that, during the study period, both export and economic growth showed similar increasing trends. The result of the ECM model revealed that export had a positive and statistically significant relationship with the economic growth, supporting the hypotesis of ELG in Indonesia. Hence, to accelerate economic growth, efforts are required to boost the export performance in Indonesia. The Export performance can be increased by several way, such as improving the export administration system, increasing the research and development of Indonesian products, improving the facilities and infrastructure, exchange rate stability and the non-tradisional markets expansion, and including improvement of the export commodity structure.

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