scholarly journals Bacterial and Chemical Contamination Associated Carpet Dust in the Holy Mosque, Makkah Al-Mukarramah

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Bassam Husain Mashat Bassam Husain Mashat
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Components ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Vacuum Cleaner ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Surface Covering ◽  
Bacterial Concentrations

Carpets are widely used as surface covering in the holy mosque (Almasjed Alharam) settings, and they are prone to contamination with infectious agents and chemical components. This study aims to evaluate the concentrations of bacteria and chemical pollutants associated carpet dust in the holy mosque, as well as bacterial concentrations in the air state. The dust samples were collected from eighty carpets during month of Ramadan 2011, using a cord portable vacuum cleaner. Airborne bacteria were collected using Airport MD8 gelatin filter sampler. Bacterial concentrations varied depending on location of carpets inside the mosque, with no significant differences between locations (P?0.05). The highest mean bacterial concentrations associated dust (256.42x106 CFU/m2) and in the air state (1.12x105 CFU/m3) were found at the ground floor of 1st expansion location. The highest re-suspension factor (RF) was found at the ground floor of 1st expansion, and the lowest at ground floor of 2nd expansion. Bacillus (25%), Pseudomonas (13%) and Micrococcus (12%) were the dominated bacterial genera. Chloride and ammonium concentrations associated dust were higher at the basement and the ground floor locations. The results did not indicate the presence of any apparent seriousness of the current situation of the carpets in the holy mosque. The data can be treated as a first step in determining the acceptable levels for microorganisms associated carpets in the common indoor environments.

scholarly journals Transmission of murine viruses and mycoplasma in laboratory mouse colonies with respect to housing conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix R. Homberger ◽  
Peter E. Thomann
Keyword(s):  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Mycoplasma Pulmonis ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
The Common

Pathogen-free sentinel mice were placed in 7 animal rooms with different housing conditions and were serologically screened for antibodies to mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), Sendai virus, reovirus 3, Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), ectromelia virus and Mycoplasma pulmonis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, at intervals after introduction. The most commonly detected antibody was against MHV, which was found in mice from 4 rooms, followed by PVM antibody in mice from 3 rooms. Seroconversion to Sendai virus and TMEV was detected in mice from one room each. No seroconversion to any of the antigens was found in 2 rooms. The common criteria of these 2 rooms were that they housed pathogen-free animals from a single source and that the access to the rooms was, purposely or not, restricted to people who had no contact to other mice. The study demonstrated the importance of husbandry and hygienic regimen on the prevalence of infectious agents in laboratory mice.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle Behaviour in an Urban Street Canyon at Different Heights and Implications on Indoor Respiratory Doses

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manigrasso ◽  
Protano ◽  
Vitali ◽  
Avino
Keyword(s):  
Street Canyon ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Total Daily Dose ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Indoor Aerosol

The amount of outdoor particles that indoor environments receive depends on the particle infiltration factors (Fin), peculiar of each environment, and on the outdoor aerosol concentrations and size distributions. The respiratory doses received, while residing indoor, will change accordingly. This study aims to ascertain to what extent such doses are affected by the vertical distance from the traffic sources. Particle number size distributions have been simultaneously measured at street level and at about 20 m height in a street canyon in downtown Rome. The same Fin have been adopted to estimate indoor aerosol concentrations, due to the infiltration of outdoor particles and then the relevant daily respiratory doses. Aerosol concentrations at ground floor were more than double than at 20 m height and richer in ultrafine particles. Thus, although aerosol infiltration efficiency was on average higher at 20 m height than at ground floor, particles more abundantly infiltrated at ground level. On a daily basis, this involved a 2.5-fold higher dose at ground level than at 20 m height. At both levels, such doses were greater than those estimated over the period of activity of some indoor aerosol sources; therefore, they represent an important contribution to the total daily dose.

scholarly journals Pharmacology Properties of Cicer arietinum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Xiren Guli Keyimu ◽  
Magfiret Abduveli Bozlar ◽  
Aini Wulamujiang
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Anticancer Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Food Legumes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Edible Seeds ◽  
The Common

Food legumes are crops of the family Leguminosae, also called Fabacae. They are mainly grown for their edible seeds and thus are also named grain legumes. Based on world production estimates, Cicer arietinum L. (Chickpea) is the third most important coldseason food legume after the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Chickpea is generally consumed as a seed food, being a good source of protein and other essential human nutrients. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has recently been shown to have antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and antidiabetic activities. This article presents information on the chemical components of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer compounds are reviewed in relation to potential medicinal uses.

scholarly journals Preventive Conservation of Cultural Heritage: Biodeteriogens Control by Aerobiological Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3647
Author(s):  
Luigia Ruga ◽  
Fabio Orlandi ◽  
Marco Fornaciari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Aerobiological Monitoring ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Cultural Sites ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Fungal Particles

Artefact conditions need to be continuously monitored to avoid degradation effects naturally caused by time and public exploitation in order to increase the value of cultural assets. In this way, the atmospheric analysis of both biological and chemical pollutants potentially present inside conservation environments represents valid support for the adoption of preventive conservation actions by evaluating periodically the presence of risk for the same artefacts. The aim of the present study was to analyze the fungal particles, potentially biodeteriogen, through aerobiological volumetric monitoring, particularly inside valuable historical, artistic, and cultural sites. Different exposition and conservation typologies of the artefacts with different flows of visitors were considered. The applied methodologies have furnished a reliable description of biological air pollution due to the presence of fungal spores—moreover, they have allowed for the prevention of risk situations and the measurement of their evolution in order to limit degradation processes. Through aerobiological monitoring, it was possible to provide important indications for interventions of prevention, conservation and restoration of cultural heritage in indoor environments.

Mathematical models of transmission and control of infectious agents

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Alex Welte ◽  
Cari van Schalkwyk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Indeed, the ‘heavy lifting’ of healthcare is in the care of patients, the development and distribution of vaccines, drugs and devices, and the conception and implementation of sensible systems and policies. However, in recent decades, spectacular increases in the availability of computational capacity have paved the way for mathematical modelling to play an ever-increasing role in many aspects of public health, by supporting formal analyses at various scales of the processes involved. This chapter explores a particular kind of ‘modelling’—and it is not the common (bio)statistical kind. We focus on what we would call ‘dynamical’ modelling (as opposed to ‘statistical’ modelling). This essentially entails the reduction, to mathematics, of key facts and principles inherent in the ‘processes’ or ‘mechanisms’ in an epidemiological situation. We can then manipulate these mathematical constructs, in search of insights that, while ultimately implied in the model construction, are not superficially apparent from our primary data and our intuition.

Observations on two infectious agents found within the rootlets of the parasitic barnacle, Sacculina carcini

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Russell ◽  
G. Walker ◽  
R. Woollen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sacculina Carcini ◽  
The Common ◽  
Respective Host

Two types of infectious agent within rootlet cells of the parasitic barnacle, Sacculina carcini have been recognized by transmission electron microscopy. The rootlets were dissected from the common shore crab, Carcinus maenas, collected from two locales—Plymouth and Pwllheli. Yeast cells were identified within cells of S. carcini rootlets from crabs collected at both locations and an iridovirus was also found, but only in rootlets from Plymouth crabs. These infectious agents were never found co-occurring in the rootlets from Plymouth crabs. Both agents, when present in rootlets, were also present in the respective host crab tissues. It is therefore concluded that S. carcini rootlets are susceptible to invasion from natural infectious agents of the host crab.

scholarly journals Microscopy and chemical analyses reveal flavone-based woolly fibres extrude from micron-sized holes in glandular trichomes of Dionysia tapetodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Bourdon ◽  
Josephine Gaynord ◽  
Karin H. Müller ◽  
Gareth Evans ◽  
Simon Wallis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Micron Diameter ◽  
Flavone Derivatives ◽  
Surface Covering

Abstract Background Dionysia tapetodes, a small cushion-forming mountainous evergreen in the Primulaceae, possesses a vast surface-covering of long silky fibres forming the characteristic “woolly” farina. This contrasts with some related Primula which instead form a fine powder. Farina is formed by specialized cellular factories, a type of glandular trichome, but the precise composition of the fibres and how it exits the cell is poorly understood. Here, using a combination of cell biology (electron and light microscopy) and analytical chemical techniques, we present the principal chemical components of the wool and its mechanism of exit from the glandular trichome. Results We show the woolly farina consists of micron-diameter fibres formed from a mixture of flavone and substituted flavone derivatives. This contrasts with the powdery farina, consisting almost entirely of flavone. The woolly farina in D. tapetodes is extruded through specific sites at the surface of the trichome’s glandular head cell, characterised by a small complete gap in the plasma membrane, cell wall and cuticle and forming a tight seal between the fibre and hole. The data is consistent with formation and thread elongation occurring from within the cell. Conclusions Our results suggest the composition of the D. tapetodes farina dictates its formation as wool rather than powder, consistent with a model of thread integrity relying on intermolecular H-bonding. Glandular trichomes produce multiple wool fibres by concentrating and maintaining their extrusion at specific sites at the cell cortex of the head cell. As the wool is extensive across the plant, there may be associated selection pressures attributed to living at high altitudes.

APPLICATION OF MODIFIED NANONATURALLY MONTMORILLONITE IN MONOCHLOROBENZENE REMEDIATION IN RIVER WATER

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
pp. 1240029
Author(s):  
CHEN LIU ◽  
JUN-FENG CHEN ◽  
YUN LI ◽  
RONG-CHANG CHEN ◽  
SACHIO ASAOKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Inland River ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Wide Issue ◽  
The Common ◽  
Silicate Clay ◽  
Pollution Removal ◽  
Made In

As the inland waterway transportation developed rapidly in China, the frequency of hazardous chemical leakage accidents is increasing every year. Such pollution to inland river environment has become a world-wide issue. Montmorillonite (Mont) is typical 2:1 layer type silicate clay and due to their special structure, it has been used in organic pollution removal process. In order to improve their ability in pollution adsorption, the pillared Mont was made in this work. Since the common toxic structure in most chemical pollutants is the halogen atom-benzene ring part, we select a typical compound Monochlorobenzene (MCB) as the aim contaminant. In this research, the original Mont, Na –Mont, TiO2 and TiO2 –Mont were prepared and used in MCB degradation experiment as catalysts. The influence of catalyst amount, promoter ( H2O2 ) amount, MCB concentration and reaction time to MCB removal rate were studied, respectively in detail.

Research on the Compression Mechanism of Densified Biomass Fuel

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Zong Shou Cai ◽  
Li Hong Chen ◽  
Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Compression Mechanism ◽  
The Common ◽  
Densified Biomass ◽  
Biomass Particles ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Comprehensive Study

By using mechanical force, biomass can be compressed or extruded into densified solid fuel with higher bulk density and higher calorific value, which makes it convenient in transportation and storage. The compressing technology of biomass is considered as one of the simplest and the most direct way to utilize biomass as a fuel in the world. However, due to the different chemical composition of biomass, the compression mechanism of biomass particles is different from other particles of coal, ceramics, metals and other materials. A comprehensive study on the compression mechanism of densified biomass fuel was carried out in this paper. The effects of the common chemical components of biomass on the quality of the densified fuel were further explored. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis and a technical reference to understand the compression mechanism of biomass.

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