Initial Growth and Gas Exchanges of Plants of Colored Cotton Submitted to Saline Stress

ABSTRACT Salinity is a complex phenomenon that affects the metabolic processes of the plant, changing the physiological and biochemical parameters. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on growth, biomass and gas exchanges in soybean crop in soil with and without biofertilizer. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the experimental area of the Agrometeorological Station of the UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, from May to June 2016. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to the levels of irrigation water salinity: 0.8; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1, in soil without and with bovine biofertilizer, in five replicates. The following variables were evaluated: growth (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and leaf area), biomass (leaf, root and total dry matter) and gas exchanges (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration). Irrigation water salinity reduced photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration, but with less intensity in the plants that received bovine biofertilizer. The aerobically fermented bovine biofertilizer attenuates saline stress on the initial growth and biomass of soybean plants.

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Plant development, gas exchanges and pigments of Mesosphaerum suaveolens submitted to osmoconditioning and saline stress

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.37427/botcro-2021-005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽

Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽

Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima ◽

Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽

Rodrigo Garcia da Silva Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Statistical Design ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Gas Exchanges ◽

Chlorophyll Pigments ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Dry Biomass

Salinity is one of the main plant abiotic stresses which affects the establishment and development crops. Hence, the search for technologies that minimize the damage caused by salinity is essential. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of salinity stress and osmotic conditioning of seeds on the biomass, gas exchanges and chlorophyll pigments in Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze. The statistical design adopted was a randomized block design, combined according to the Central Composite Design, referring to electrical conductivities of irrigation water and osmotic potentials, with minimum (- α) and maximum (α) values of 0.5 and 10.0 dS m-1 and 0.0 and -1.0 MPa, respectively, totaling nine combinations. The characteristics of dry biomass, gas exchange and chlorophyll indices were evaluated at 45 days after irrigation with saline water started. The salinity of irrigation water severely affected the dry biomass and the gas exchanges of M. suaveolens. Irrigation water of electrical conductivity above 3.2 dS m-1 caused reductions in chlorophyll a, b and total contents in M. suaveolens plants. Seed osmoconditioning did not attenuate the negative effects of saline stress on M. suaveolens plants.

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Agronomic characteristics of the Pennisetum glaucum submitted to water and saline stresses

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.50468 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e50468

Author(s):

Mirna Clarissa Rodrigues de Almeida ◽

Mauricio Luiz de Mello Vieira Leite ◽

Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽

Vicente José Laamon Pinto Simões ◽

Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arid Regions ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Block Design ◽

Salt Content ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

High Salt Content ◽

Four Levels

Agricultural production in semi-arid regions is limited due to water availability. In addition, the water quality available for irrigation is often compromised due to the high salt content present. Millet is a forage species considered tolerant to water deficit and moderately salt tolerant. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the growth of millet under water and saline stress associates. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, composed of four levels of water replacement, based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc): 25%.ETc, 50%.ETc, 75%.ETc and 100%.ETc and three levels of water salinity (0.03, 2.0 and 4.0 dS m-1). With 25%.ETc independent of salinity, all morphological characteristics of millet were affected, occurring death of plants in the initial growth phase. In the absence of salt and greater availability of water, greater plant growth occurred. With respect to salinity, there was a reduction in the increment of all variables evaluated, with the highest reduction at the highest saline level (4.0 dS m-1). Water and salt stresses, when associated, reduce the growth of millet, since concentrations above 2.0 dS m-1 and less than 50%.ETc compromise its full development, providing declines in yield.

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IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA E USO DE SUBSTRATOS NA CULTURA DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v9i1.9820 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 86-91

Author(s):

Bruno Eduardo Lopes Sousa ◽

Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽

Andreza de Melo Mendonça ◽

Max Ferreira dos Santos ◽

Francisco Barroso da Silva Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Saline Water ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

High Salinity Water ◽

Salinity Water ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Bean Crop

Objetivou-se avaliar a interação entre diferentes níveis salinos e substratos sob o crescimento inicial, o acúmulo de biomassa e as trocas gasosas da cultura do feijão-caupi. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (5 x 2), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por substratos inseridos ao solo (T1- biocarvão + solo na proporção 1:1; T2- solo (testemunha); T3- adubação mineral; T4- casca de arroz carbonizada + carnaúba + solo na proporção 2:1:1 e S5- casca de arroz carbonizada + solo na proporção 1:1), e duas águas de irrigação (1,0 e 4,0 dS m-1). Aos 40 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foram avaliados: número de folhas (NF), altura de planta (AP), diâmetro do caule (DC), área foliar (AF), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) e total (MST), fotossíntese (A), transpiração (E) e condutância estomática (gs). A água de alta salinidade afetou negativamente a AP, DC, MSPA e a gs das plantas. Os tratamentos T4 e T5 promoveram maior NF e A quando combinado com água não salina. Os tratamentos T4 e T5 proporcionaram maiores valores de gs e E. Palavras-chave: Vigna unguiculata L. Walp; salinidade; adubação. Influence of saline stress and fertilizers on caupi bean crop ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on the initial growth, on the accumulation of biomass and on the gas exchange of the cowpea culture submitted to different substrates. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. The design used was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (5 x 2), with four replications. The treatments consisted of substrates inserted in the soil (T1- biochar + soil in the proportion 1: 1; T2- soil (control); T3- mineral fertilization; T4- carbonized rice husk + carnauba + soil in the proportion 2: 1: 1 and S5- carbonized rice husk + soil in a 1: 1 ratio), and two irrigation waters (1.0 and 4.0 dS m-1). At 40 days after sowing (DAS), the following were evaluated: number of leaves (NF), plant height (AP), stem diameter (DC), leaf area (AF), shoot dry matter (MSPA) and total (MST), photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs). High salinity water negatively affected AP, DC, MSPA and plant gas. The treatments T4 and T5 promoted greater NF and A when combined with non-saline water. The treatments T4 and T5 provided higher values of gs and E. Keywords: Vigna unguiculata L. Walp; salinity; fertilization.

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CRESCIMENTO E FOTOSSÍNTESE DO MILHO CULTIVADO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO COM ESTERCO E POLÍMERO SUPERABSORVENTE

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2020v25n3p603-616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 603-616

Author(s):

Vanessa Ohana Gomes Moreira ◽

Raimundo Nonato De Assis Júnior ◽

Túlio Cordeiro Aragão

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Superabsorbent Polymer ◽

Biometric Parameters ◽

E Mail

CRESCIMENTO E FOTOSSÍNTESE DO MILHO CULTIVADO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO COM ESTERCO E POLÍMERO SUPERABSORVENTE VANESSA OHANA GOMES MOREIRA1; RAIMUNDO NONATO DE ASSIS JÚNIOR2 E TÚLIO CORDEIRO ARAGÃO3 1Engenheira Agrônoma, Mestra e Doutoranda em Ciência do Solo, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici – Bloco 807, CEP 60356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutor em Agronomia - Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Professor Titular, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici – Bloco 807, CEP 60356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Graduando em Química. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici - Bloco 940, CEP 60440-900, Fortaleza – Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o uso de esterco bovino e polímero iônico superabsorvente no crescimento inicial e na capacidade fotossintética de plantas de milho cultivadas em Neossolo Quartzarênico salino-sódico. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação com quatro tratamentos: T1 - Controle; T2 – Polímero; T3 - Esterco bovino; T4 - Polímero + Esterco bovino. Foram avaliados os parâmetros biométricos: altura das plantas, diâmetro do colmo, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, comprimento e massa seca da raiz aos 45 dias após a emergência (DAE) das plantas. A fotossíntese foi avaliada em três momentos: aos 15, 30 e 45 DAE. Houve diferenças significativas pelo teste F (p < 0,05) nos parâmetros biométricos avaliados e na taxa de fotossíntese. As menores médias das variáveis analisadas foram obtidas no tratamento controle. A aplicação do polímero resultou em médias dos parâmetros biométricos e da fotossíntese estatisticamente menores que as médias do esterco bovino. A combinação de polímero e esterco promoveu incremento na capacidade fotossintética e no comprimento da raiz. Conclui-se que, o esterco é mais eficiente que o polímero na melhoria do crescimento inicial do milho sob estresse salino e, quando combinados, promovem maior capacidade fotossintética e maior crescimento das raízes. Palavras-chave: salinidade do solo, hidrogel, adubo orgânico, Zea Mays L. MOREIRA, V. O. G.; ASSIS JÚNIOR, R. N.; ARAGÃO, T. C. GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MAIZE CULTIVATED UNDER SALINE STRESS WITH MANURE AND SUPERABSORBENT POLYMER 2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the use of bovine manure and ionic superabsorbent polymer in the initial growth and in the photosynthetic capacity of maize cultivated in saline-sodium Quartzarenic Neosol . The experiment was installed in a greenhouse with four treatments: T1 - Control; T2 - Polymer; T3 - Bovine manure; T4 - Polymer + Bovine manure. Biometric parameters were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aerial part dry matter, root length and root dry matter at 45 days after emergence (DAE). The photosynthesis was evaluated in three moments: at 15, 30 and 45 DAE. Significant differences were observed by the F test (p <0.05) in biometric parameters evaluated and photosynthesis rate. The application of the polymer resulted in lower averages than those of the bovine manure for all biometric parameters and photosynthesis. The combination of polymer and bovine manure promoted an increase in photosynthetic capacity and in root length. It is concluded that bovine manure is more efficient than polymer in improving the initial growth of maize under saline stress and when combined promote increase in rate of photosynthesis and root growth. Keywords: soil salinity, hydrogel, organic fertilizer, Zea Mays L.

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Amelioration of Saline Stress on Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seedlings Inoculated With Halotolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Isolated From Hypersaline Environments

Frontiers in Agronomy ◽

10.3389/fagro.2021.665798 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

María Florencia Yañez-Yazlle ◽

Neli Romano-Armada ◽

Verónica Beatriz Rajal ◽

Verónica Patricia Irazusta

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Culture Media ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Hypersaline Environments ◽

Salvia Hispanica ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Pgp Activities ◽

Growth Promoting

The rhizosphere and microbiome of halotolerant plants could be crucial for alleviating salinity stress during plant growth. The aims of this work were (1) to isolate bacteria from rhizosphere and bulk soil samples from the Salar del Hombre Muerto (Catamarca, Argentina), (2) to characterize different plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities produced by these bacterial isolates, and (3) to evaluate their effect on the initial growth of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) under saline stress. A total of 667 microorganisms were isolated, using different culture media with NaCl, and their abilities for nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophores production, and indole-3-acetic acid production were evaluated. Thirteen strains were selected for showing all the tested PGP activities; they belonged to the genera Kushneria, Halomonass, Pseudomonas, Planomicrobium, and Pseudarthrobacter. The strains Kushneria sp. and Halomonas sp. showed the highest salinity tolerance (from 50 to 2,000 mM NaCl) and biomass and biofilm production. Chia seeds were treated with six of the first 13 selected strains to evaluate their plant growth-promoting effect under saline stress (without and with 50 and 100 mM NaCl). Halomonas sp. 3R.12 and Kushneria sp. T3.7 produced heavier seedlings with a balanced shoot/root length ratio, while Pseudomonas sp. AN23 showed the best effect upon chia seedlings, with a morphological response similar to non-stressed seedlings. On the other hand, seedlings displayed no responses when inoculated with Planomicrobium sp. 3S.31 and Pseudarthrobacter sp. ER25. This study contributes to the knowledge on microorganisms from hypersaline environments as plant growth promoters for their use in the production of salt-sensitive crops, among other potential uses.

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Gas exchanges and production of colored cotton irrigated with saline water at different phenological stages

Revista Ciência Agronômica ◽

10.5935/1806-6690.20180027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽

Pedro Dantas Fernandes ◽

Geovani Soares de Lima ◽

Janivan Fernandes Suassuna ◽

Rennan Fernandes Pereira

Keyword(s):

Saline Water ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Gas Exchanges ◽

Colored Cotton

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IMPACT OF SALINE CONDITIONS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON CITRUS PRODUCTION AND GAS EXCHANGES

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n218rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 415-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

JÔNATAS RAULINO MARQUES DE SOUSA ◽

HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽

MARCOS ERIC BARBOSA BRITO ◽

DIEGO AZEVEDO XAVIER ◽

GUILHERME DE FREITAS FURTADO

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Gas Exchanges ◽

Rangpur Lime ◽

Associated Gas ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Citrus Production ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT: In two simultaneous experiments, we evaluated the impact of brackish irrigation water and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the production of citrus (scion-rootstock combinations) and its associated gas exchanges. These experiments were conducted at the Campus of Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil in a protected environment (shade screens on the sides) using drainage lysimeters. Experiment I used a randomized block design (3 replicates), in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement, corresponding to five water salinity levels (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, and 3.0 dS m-1) and three scion-rootstock combinations: RS1- Common Sunki mandarin (TSKC) × Poncirus trifoliata English (TRENG) - 256; RS2- Common Rangpur lime (LCRSTC); and RS3- TSKC × (Rangpur lime (LCR) × P. trifoliata (TR)) - 059; with Mimo do Céu orange as the scion variety. Experiment II used a randomized block design (3 replicates), in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to the three scion/rootstock combinations and two nitrogen (N) doses (100 and 200 mg kg-1 of soil). Plants were irrigated with water of 3.0 dS m-1. For both experiments, gas exchanges and mean mass of fruits were evaluated at harvest. Gas exchanges were inhibited in plants under saline stress. Plants grafted with Common Rangpur lime showed greater production potential than did the other genotypes studied, even under brackish water conditions.

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Morphophysiological characteristics of okra plants submitted to saline stress in soil with organic fertilizer

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v11i0.3241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. e3241

Author(s):

Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽

Andreza de Melo Mendonça ◽

Jonnathan Richeds da Silva Sales ◽

Francisco Barroso da Silva Junior ◽

João Gutemberg Leite Moraes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Salinity Levels

The excess of salts may compromise the growth and physiological functions of plants, but the use of bovine organic fertilizer can mitigate these effects. It was intended was to evaluate the saline stress in soil with and without bovine organic fertilizer on the initial growth, the accumulation of biomass and the gas exchanges of the okra culture. The test was conducted at the UNILAB’s experimental farm, in Piroás, in Redenção – CE city. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with five replications, in a 5 x 2 factorial concerning five irrigation water salinity levels (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 dS m-1), in the presence and absence of bovine organic fertilizer. Plant height, stem diameter, root length, a dry mass of shoot, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were evaluated. The bovine organic fertilizer promoted better means in initial growth and biomass in okra plants compared to the control treatment, thus showing efficiency in the attenuation of the salts present in irrigation water. The increase in the saline concentration of the irrigation water reduced the gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) in okra plants. Nonetheless, in smaller proportions in the soil with the bovine organic fertilizer.

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INITIAL DEVELOPMENT AND TOLERANCE OF PEPPER SPECIES TO SALINITY STRESS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n327rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 826-833

Author(s):

FRANCISCO VANIES DA SILVA SÁ ◽

LAUTER SILVA SOUTO ◽

EMANOELA PEREIRA DE PAIVA ◽

SALVADOR BARROS TORRES ◽

FERNANDA ANDRADE DE OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Saline Waters ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the main causes of crop yield decline in arid and semi-arid regions, requiring the use of tolerant species that allow cultivation in these areas. The objective of this study was to determine the emergence, initial growth and tolerance of pepper species irrigated with saline waters. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment (greenhouse), with a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, using four replicates of 30 seeds each. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, involving five irrigation water salinity levels (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and three species of pepper [E1 - Capsicum annuum (“Doce Comprida”); E2 - Capsicum frutescens (“Malagueta”); E3 - Capsicum chinense (“De Bico”)]. Pepper seedlings were grown in trays of 30 cells with a capacity of 0.1 dm3 of substrate. During the first 30 days after sowing, seedlings were monitored for emergence, initial growth and dry matter accumulation. As the salinity of the irrigation water increased, there was a reduction in the emergence, growth and phytomass accumulation of C. annuum, C. frutescens and C. chinense peppers. These species tolerate saline waters of up to 1.78, 2.71 and 1.55 dS m-1 respectively, in the initial development phase, with C. frutescens being the most tolerant to saline stress, and C. chinense the most sensitive.

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