scholarly journals A Rindler-KAM Spacetime Geometry and Scaling the Planck Scale Solves Quantum Relativity and Explains Dark Energy

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. El Naschie
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
Quantum Relativity

scholarly journals ON WEAK INTERACTIONS AS SHORT-DISTANCE MANIFESTATIONS OF GRAVITY

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 1350022 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTO ONOFRIO
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Fundamental Symmetries ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
Newtonian Constant

We conjecture that weak interactions are peculiar manifestations of quantum gravity at the Fermi scale, and that the Fermi constant is related to the Newtonian constant of gravitation. In this framework one may understand the violations of fundamental symmetries by the weak interactions, in particular parity violations, as due to fluctuations of the spacetime geometry at a Planck scale coinciding with the Fermi scale. As a consequence, gravitational phenomena should play a more important role in the microworld, and experimental settings are suggested to test this hypothesis.

ΛCDM COSMOLOGY THROUGH THE LENS OF EINSTEIN'S STATIC UNIVERSE, THE MOTHER OF Λ

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350012 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABHAS MITRA ◽  
S. BHATTACHARYYA ◽  
NILAY BHATT
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Fundamental Constant ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Static Universe ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
Λcdm Model ◽  
Do So

We show here that, in the context of Einstein's static universe (ESU), the static cosmological constant Λs = 0. We do so by extending (and not contradicting) the ESU relationship from Λs = 4πρ to Λs = 4πρ = 0, where ρ is the ESU matter density (G = c = 1). This extension follows from the fact that the elements of the spacetime geometry depend on pressure and energy density (ρ). Note in the ΛCDM model, Λ is associated with "Dark Energy (DE)." And, if Λ would be considered as a fundamental constant, it should be zero even for a dynamic universe. In such a case, the observed accelerated expansion could be an artifact of inhomogeneity [D. L. Wiltshire, Phys. Rev. D80 (2009) 123512; E. W. Kolb, Class. Quantum. Grav.28 (2011) 164009] or large peculiar acceleration of the Milky way [C. Tasgas, Phys. Rev. D84 (2011) 063503] or extinction of light of distant supernovae [R. E. Schild and M. Dekker, Astron. Nachr.327 (2006) 729, arXiv:astro-ph/0512236]. The same conclusion has also been obtained in an independent manner [A. Mitra, JCAP03 (2013) 007, doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/03/007].

scholarly journals Nature does not play Dice at the Planck scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 2043012
Author(s):  
Tejinder P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Coarse Graining ◽  
Lagrangian Dynamics ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
The Status ◽  
Planck Time ◽  
Matter Fields

We start from classical general relativity coupled to matter fields. Each configuration variable and its conjugate momentum, as also spacetime points are raised to the status of matrices [equivalently operators]. These matrices obey a deterministic Lagrangian dynamics at the Planck scale. By coarse-graining this matrix dynamics over time intervals much larger than Planck time, one derives quantum theory as a low energy emergent approximation. If a sufficiently large number of degrees of freedom get entangled, spontaneous localisation takes place, leading to the emergence of classical spacetime geometry and a classical universe. In our theory, dark energy is shown to be a large-scale quantum gravitational phenomenon. Quantum indeterminism is not fundamental, but results from our not probing physics at the Planck scale.

scholarly journals ON THE EFFECTIVE EQUATION OF STATE OF DARK ENERGY

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 2259-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN S. SLOTH
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Effective Equation ◽  
Ultraviolet Cutoff ◽  
Interesting Possibility

In an effective field theory model with an ultraviolet momentum cutoff, there is a relation between the effective equation-of-state of dark energy and the ultraviolet cutoff scale. It implies that a measure of the equation of state of dark energy different from minus one, ω ≠ -1, does not rule out vacuum energy as dark energy. It also indicates an interesting possibility that precise measurements of the infrared properties of dark energy can be used to probe the ultraviolet cutoff scale of effective quantum field theory coupled to gravity. In a toy model with a vacuum energy-dominated universe with a Planck scale cutoff, the dark energy effective equation of state is w eff ≈ -0.96.

scholarly journals COSMIC HOLOGRAPHIC BOUNDS WITH UV AND IR CUTOFFS

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (27) ◽  
pp. 2035-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUN SOO MYUNG
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Entanglement Entropy ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Inflationary Universe ◽  
Future Event ◽  
The Past ◽  
Slow Roll ◽  
Energy Bound ◽  
The One ◽  
Future Event Horizon

We introduce the cosmic holographic bounds with two uv and ir cutoff scales, to deal with both the inflationary universe in the past and dark energy in the future. To describe quantum fluctuations of inflation on sub-horizon scales, we use the Bekenstein–Hawking energy bound. The Hubble bounds are introduced for classical fluctuations of inflation on super-horizon scales. It turns out that the Hubble entropy bound is satisfied with the entanglement entropy and the Hubble temperature bound leads to a condition for the slow-roll inflation. In order to describe the dark energy, we introduce the holographic energy density which is the one saturating the Bekenstein–Hawking energy bound for a weakly gravitating system. Here the uv (ir) cutoff is given by the Planck scale (future event horizon), respectively. As a result, we find the close connection between inflation and dark energy.

scholarly journals Topological structure of the vacuum, cosmological constant and dark energy

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (34) ◽  
pp. 1630051 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Sidharth ◽  
A. Das ◽  
C. R. Das ◽  
L. V. Laperashvili ◽  
H. B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Top Quark ◽  
Topological Structure ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Vacuum Stability

In this review, we present a theory of cosmological constant and dark energy (DE), based on the topological structure of the vacuum. The multiple point principle (MPP) is reviewed. It demonstrates the existence of the two vacua into the SM. The Froggatt–Nielsen’s prediction of the top-quark and Higgs masses is given in the assumption that there exist two degenerate vacua in the SM. This prediction was improved by the next-order calculations. We also considered Sidharth’s theory of cosmological constant based on the noncommutative geometry of the Planck scale space–time, what gives an extremely small DE density providing the accelerating expansion of the Universe. Theory of two degenerate vacua — the Planck scale phase and electroweak (EW) phase — is also reviewed, topological defects in these vacua are investigated, also the Compton wavelength phase suggested by Sidharth is discussed. A general theory of the phase transition and the problem of the vacuum stability in the SM is reviewed. Assuming the existence of a new scalar [Formula: see text] bound state [Formula: see text], earlier predicted by Froggatt, Nielsen and Laperashvili, we try to provide the vacuum stability in the SM and exact accuracy of the MPP.

scholarly journals Entropic Information Theory: Formulae and Quantum Gravity, Bits from bit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
olivier denis
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Information Framework

We show here that entropic information is capable of unifying all aspects of the universe at all scales in a coherent and global theoretical mathematical framework materialized by entropic information framework, theory and formulas, where dark matter, dark energy and gravity are truly informationals processes and where information is code and code is what creates the process, it is itself the process. Mass, energy and movement of information are respectively dark matter, dark energy, and gravity. Here, we reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics by introducing quantum gravity for the Planckian scale. The formulas of entropic information are expressed in natural units, physical units of measurement based only on universal constants, constants, which refer to the basic structure of the laws of physics: C and G are part of the structure of space-time in general relativity, and h captures the relationship between energy and frequency that is the basis of quantum mechanics. Here we show that entropic information formulas are able to present entropic information in various unifying aspects and introduce gravity at the Planck scale. We prove that Entropic information theory is thus building the bridge between general relativity and quantum mechanics

scholarly journals Dark energy and quantum gravity

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1944018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Berglund ◽  
Tristan Hübsch ◽  
Djordje Minić
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Dual Space ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
De Sitter Spacetime ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Sitter Spacetime

Realizing dark energy and the observed de Sitter spacetime in quantum gravity has proven to be obstructed in almost every usual approach. We argue that additional degrees of freedom of the left- and right-movers in string theory and a resulting doubled, noncommutatively generalized geometric formulation thereof can lead to an effective model of dark energy consistent with de Sitter spacetime. In this approach, the curvature of the canonically conjugate dual space provides for the dark energy inducing a positive cosmological constant in the observed spacetime, whereas the size of the above dual space is the gravitational constant in the same observed de Sitter spacetime. As a hallmark relation owing to a unique feature of string theory which relates short distances to long distances, the cosmological constant scale, the Planck scale and the effective TeV-sized particle physics scale must satisfy a see-saw-like formula — precisely the generic prediction of certain stringy cosmic brane type models.

scholarly journals A TOPOLOGICAL EXTENSION OF GENERAL RELATIVITY TO EXPLORE THE NATURE OF QUANTUM SPACETIME, DARK ENERGY AND INFLATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1330022
Author(s):  
M. SPAANS
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Effective Equation ◽  
Dark Energy Density ◽  
Topological Quantum ◽  
Quantum Spacetime

General Relativity is extended into the quantum domain. A thought experiment is explored to derive a specific topological build-up for Planckian spacetime. The presented arguments are inspired by Feynman's path integral for superposition and Wheeler's quantum foam of Planck mass mini black holes (BHs)/wormholes. Paths are fundamental and prime three-manifolds like T3, S1 × S2 and S3 are used to construct quantum spacetime. A physical principle is formulated that causes observed paths to multiply: It takes one to know one. So topological fluctuations on the Planck scale take the form of multiple copies of any homeomorphically distinct path through quantum spacetime. The discrete time equation of motion for this topological quantum gravity is derived by counting distinct paths globally. The equation of motion is solved to derive some properties of dark energy and inflation. The dark energy density depends linearly on the number of macroscopic BHs in the universe and is time-dependent in a manner consistent with current astrophysical observations, having an effective equation of state w ≈ -1.1 for redshifts smaller than unity. Inflation driven by mini BHs proceeds over n ≈ 55 e-foldings, without strong inhomogeneity. A discrete time effect visible in the cosmic microwave background is suggested.

scholarly journals Dark matter, dark energy and the time evolution of masses in the universe

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 1444016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Solà
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Static Vacuum ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Universe

The traditional "explanation" for the observed acceleration of the universe is the existence of a positive cosmological constant. However, this can hardly be a truly convincing explanation, as an expanding universe is not expected to have a static vacuum energy density. So, it must be an approximation. This reminds us of the so-called fundamental "constants" of nature. Recent and past measurements of the fine structure constant and of the proton–electron mass ratio suggest that basic quantities of the standard model, such as the QCD scale parameter, Λ QCD , might not be conserved in the course of the cosmological evolution. The masses of the nucleons and of the atomic nuclei would be time-evolving. This can be consistent with General Relativity provided the vacuum energy itself is a dynamical quantity. Another framework realizing this possibility is QHD (Quantum Haplodynamics), a fundamental theory of bound states. If one assumes that its running couplings unify at the Planck scale and that such scale changes slowly with cosmic time, the masses of the nucleons and of the DM particles, including the cosmological term, will evolve with time. This could explain the dark energy of the universe.

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