Analysis of Water Stress Prediction Quality as Influenced by the Number and Placement of Temporal Soil-Water Monitoring Sites

With increasing frequency and intensity of dry spells in the cocoa production zones of West Africa, strategies for mitigating impact of water stress on cocoa seedling survival are urgently required. We investigated the effects of applied potassium on biomass accumulation, physiological processes and survival of cocoa varieties subjected to water stress in pot experiments in a gauzehouse facility. Four levels of potassium (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/plant as muriate of potash) were used. Soil water stress reduced plant biomass accumulation (shoot and roots), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Leaf phenol and proline contents were increased under water stress. Additionally, compared to the well-watered conditions, soils under water stress treatments had higher contents of exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus at the end of the experimental period. Potassium applied under well-watered conditions reduced leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence and increased leaf electrolyte leakage, but improved the growth and integrity of physiological functions under soil water stress. Potassium addition increased biomass partitioning to roots, improved RWC and leaf membrane stability, and significantly improved cocoa seedling survival under water stress. Under water stress, the variety with the highest seedling mortality accumulated the highest contents of phenol and proline. A significant effect of variety on plant physiological functions was observed. Generally, varieties with PA 7 parentage had higher biomass partitioning to roots and better seedling survival under soil moisture stress. Proportion of biomass partitioned to roots, RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf electrolyte leakage appear to be the most reliable indicators of cocoa seedling tolerance to drought.

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Nutritional imbalance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown at soil water stress

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s11738-998-0063-8 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 307-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Yasin Ashraf ◽

S. A. Ala ◽

A. Saeed Bhatti

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Soil Water Stress ◽

Nutritional Imbalance

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A new method of applying a controlled soil water stress, and its effect on the growth of cotton and soybean seedlings at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide

Environmental and Experimental Botany ◽

10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.11.015 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 77 ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James A. Bunce ◽

Muhtor Nasyrov

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽

New Method ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Soil Water Stress

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Temporary partial breakdown ofmlo‐resistance in spring barley by sudden relief of soil water‐stress under field conditions: the effects of genetic background andmloallele

Plant Pathology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00261.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 401-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. J. Baker ◽

A. C. Newton ◽

D. Crabb ◽

D. C. Guy ◽

R. A. Jefferies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Soil Water Stress

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RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: IV. EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps68-025 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 129-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A. R. Maurer ◽

H. F. Fletcher ◽

D. P. Ormrod

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Severe Water Stress ◽

Water Conditions ◽

Before And After ◽

Soil Water Conditions

Pea plants growing in "weighing lysimeters" were subjected to five soil-water regimes to determine their response to varying conditions of soil water imposed at different stages of development. Plants subjected to a minimal water stress developed luxuriantly and continued to grow up to the harvest period. Pea yield and plant height were not reduced, but fresh weight and dry matter were less if irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 60% rather than 88% of that available. A severe water stress after blossom reduced pea yield, irrespective of soil-water conditions prior to blossom. Plants which had been given ample soil water before blossom wilted visibly when a severe stress was imposed in the post-blossom period, yet wilting did not occur in plants subjected to severe water stress both before and after blossom. Severe water stress prior to blossom did not cause a decrease in pea yield if ample soil moisture was made available after blossom.

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Water stress affects the productivity, growth components, competitiveness and water relations of phalaris and white clover growing in a mixed pasture

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9920659 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 659 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

L Guobin ◽

DR Kemp ◽

GB Liu

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

White Clover ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Water Potentials ◽

Relative Water ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Leaf Appearance ◽

Water Contents

The effect of water stress during summer and recovery after rain on herbage accumulation, leaf growth components, stomatal conductance and leaf water relations of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica cv. Australian Commercial) was studied in an established mixed pasture under dryland (dry) or irrigated (wet) conditions. Soil water deficits under dry conditions reached 150 mm and soil water potentials in the top 20 cm declined to nearly -2 MPa after 50 days of dry weather. Water stress severely restricted growth of both species but then after rain fell, white clover growth rates exceeded those of phalaris. Under irrigation, white clover produced twice the herbage mass of phalaris but under dry conditions herbage production was similar from both species. Leaf appearance rates per tiller or stolon were slightly higher for white clover than phalaris but were reduced by 20% under water stress in both species. Leaf or petiole extension rates were more sensitive to water stress than leaf appearance rates and declined by 75% in phalaris and 90% in white clover. The ratio of leaf or petiole extension rates on dry/wet treatments was similar for both species in relation to leaf relative water contents, but in relation to leaf water potentials phalaris maintained higher leaf growth rates. Phalaris maintained a higher leaf relative water content in relation to leaf water potentials than did white clover and also maintained higher leaf water potentials in relation to the soil water potential in the top 20 cm. Stomata1 conductances for both species declined by 80-90% with increasing water stress, and both species showed similar stomatal responses to bulk leaf water potentials and leaf relative water contents. It is suggested that the poorer performance of white clover under water stress may be due principally to a shallower root system than phalaris and not due to any underlying major physiological differences. The white clover cultivar used in this study came from the mediterranean region and showed some different responses to water stress than previously published evidence on white clover. This suggests genetic variation in responses to water stress may exist within white clover. To maintain white clover in a pasture under dry conditions it is suggested that grazing practices aim to retain a high proportion of growing points.

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MITIGATION YIELD SCALED METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE GROWN IN WATER STRESS CONDITIONS WITH BIOCHAR AND SILICATE AMENDMENTS

International Journal of Big Data Mining for Global Warming ◽

10.1142/s2630534821500078 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD ASLAM ALI ◽

SANJIT CHANDRA BARMAN ◽

MD. ASHRAFUL ISLAM KHAN ◽

MD. BADIUZZAMAN KHAN ◽

HAFSA JAHAN HIYA

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Saturated Soil ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Standing Water ◽

Water Contents ◽

Soil Water Contents

Climate change and water scarcity may badly affect existing rice production system in Bangladesh. With a view to sustain rice productivity and mitigate yield scaled CH4 emission in the changing climatic conditions, a pot experiment was conducted under different soil water contents, biochar and silicate amendments with inorganic fertilization (NPKS). In this regard, 12 treatments combinations of biochar, silicate and NPKS fertilizer along with continuous standing water (CSW), soil saturation water content and field capacity (100% and 50%) moisture levels were arranged into rice planted potted soils. Gas samples were collected from rice planted pots through Closed Chamber technique and analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. This study revealed that seasonal CH4 emissions were suppressed through integrated biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50–75% of the recommended doze), while increased rice yield significantly at different soil water contents. Biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50% of the recommended doze) increased rice grain yield by 10.9%, 18.1%, 13.0% and 14.2%, while decreased seasonal CH4 emissions by 22.8%, 20.9%, 23.3% and 24.3% at continuous standing water level (CSW) (T9), at saturated soil water content (T10), at 100% field capacity soil water content (T11) and at 50% field capacity soil water content (T12), respectively. Soil porosity, soil redox status, SOC and free iron oxide contents were improved with biochar and silicate amendments. Furthermore, rice root oxidation activity (ROA) was found more dominant in water stress condition compared to flooded and saturated soil water contents, which ultimately reduced seasonal CH4 emissions as well as yield scaled CH4 emission. Conclusively, soil amendments with biochar and silicate fertilizer may be a rational practice to reduce the demand for inorganic fertilization and mitigate CH4 emissions during rice cultivation under water stress drought conditions.

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Effects of soil water depletion on the water relations in tropical kudzu

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x1999000700006 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 1151-1157

Author(s):

Adaucto Bellarmino de Pereira-Netto ◽

Antonio Celso Novaes de Magalhães ◽

Hilton Silveira Pinto

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Soil Water Depletion ◽

Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽

Water Depletion ◽

Relative Water ◽

Dry Soil

Tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth., Leguminosae: Faboideae) is native to the humid Southeastern Asia. Tropical kudzu has potential as a cover crop in regions subjected to dryness. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of soil water depletion on leaflet relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (g) and temperature (T L) in tropical kudzu. RWC of waterstressed plants dropped from 96 to 78%, following a reduction in SWC from 0.25 to 0.17 g (H2O).g (dry soil)-1.Stomatal conductance of stressed plants decreased from 221 to 98 mmol.m-2.s-1, following the reduction in soil water content (SWC). The day after re-irrigation, g of water stressed plants was 15% lower than g of unstressed plants. Differences in T L between waterstressed and unstressed plants (deltaT L) rose linearly from 0.1 to 2.2ºC following progressive water deficit. RWC and T L of waterstressed plants paralled RWC and T L of unstressed plants the day after reirrigation. The strong decrease in SWC found in this study only induced moderate water stress in tropical kudzu. In addition, tropical kudzu recover rapidly from the induced water stress after the re-irrigation.

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Unexpected relationships between δ13C and wine grape performance in organic farming

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2013.47.4.1556 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Edoardo Antonio Costantino Costantini ◽

Alessandro Agnelli ◽

Pierluigi Bucelli ◽

Aldo Ciambotti ◽

Valentina Dell’Oro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Potential ◽

Soil Water ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Water Availability ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Soil Water Availability ◽

Wine Grape ◽

Stem Water Potential ◽

Stem Water

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) and wine grape viticultural and oenological performance in organic farming.Methods and results: The study was carried out for four years in the Chianti Classico wine production district (Central Italy), on five non irrigated vineyards conducted in organic farming. The reference variety was Sangiovese. Eleven sites were chosen for vine monitoring and grape sampling. The performance parameters were alcohol and must sugar content, sugar accumulation rate, mean berry weight, and extractable polyphenols. δ13C, stem water potential, and soil water availability were also monitored. Finally, soil nitrogen as well as yeast available nitrogen in the must were measured. δ13C was directly related to stem water potential and soil water deficit, and indicated a range of water stress conditions from none and moderate to strong. However, its relationship with viticultural and oenological results was contrary to expectation, that is, performance linearly increased along with soil moisture. On the other hand, the worst performance was obtained where both water and nitrogen were more limiting.Conclusions: The unexpected relationship between δ13C and Sangiovese performance was caused by low nitrogen availability. The studied sites all had low-fertility soils with poor or very poor nitrogen content. Therefore, in the plots where soil humidity was relatively higher, nitrogen plant uptake was favoured, and Sangiovese performance improved. Macronutrient being the main limiting factor, the performance was not lower in the plots where soil water availability was relatively larger. Therefore, the best viticultural result was obtained with no water stress conditions, at low rather than at intermediate δ13C values.Significance and impact of the study: Water nutrition is crucial for wine grape performance. δ13C is a method used to assess vine water status during the growing season and to estimate vine performance. A good performance is expected at moderate stress and intermediate δ13C values. A better knowledge of the interaction between water and nutrient scarcity is needed, as it can affect the use of δ13C to predict vine performance.

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