Contributions of IMF Programs in the Financial Resilience of Households: Analysis of Satisfaction and Well-Being of Households from Rural Areas&lt;br/&gt;—Case of Malagasy IMFs

The article highlights the problems and prospects of human development, which is the basis for the long-term strategies of social and economic growth of different countries and regions at the present stage. Submitting strategies of this type provides an opportunity to focus on individual empowerment and to build a favorable environment for effective management decisions in the field of forming, maintaining, and restoring human potential. The analysis of the Vinnytsia region human potential dynamics in the regional system of social and economic development factors was carried out. Application of generalized assessment of the regional human development index components allowed the identification of the main trends that characterize the formation of human potential of the territory, including the reproduction of the population, social environment, comfort and quality of life, well-being, decent work, and education. The article emphasizes that despite some positive changes in the social and economic situation of the region and in assessing the parameters of its human development level relative to other regions of Ukraine, Vinnytsia region is now losing its human potential due to negative demographic situation and migration to other regions and countries. The main reason for such dynamics is proven to be related to the outdated structure of the region's economy, the predominance of the agricultural sector, the lack of progressive transformations in the development of high-tech fields of the economy. An important factor is the low level of urbanization of the region, which leads to the spread of less attractive working conditions and less comfortable living conditions. The key factors that cause the growth of urbanization in the region have been identified, including the significant positive impact of the transport and social infrastructure expansion, the lack of which in rural areas leads to a decrease in the level and comfort of life. Without progressive structural changes in the economy and the resettlement system, the loss of human potential will continue.

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The Nexus Between Seniors' Tourism Expenditure and Well-Being in China

Tourism Analysis ◽

10.3727/108354220x15758301241620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 169-174

Author(s):

Renuka Mahadevan ◽

Vanessa Sha Fan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Government Policy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Empirical Relationship ◽

Well Being ◽

Tourism Demand ◽

Leisure Travel ◽

Policy Strategy ◽

Tourism Expenditure

An examination of the two-way relationship between tourism expenditure and life satisfaction for seniors is undertaken in this article. This examination uses panel data on China's seniors and tracks the same seniors over 3 years. Results show that there is bidirectional causality between tourism expenditure and life satisfaction, casting doubt on previous studies that do not consider this two-way relationship. This empirical relationship highlights the importance of a two-pronged policy strategy— a government policy committed to social tourism programs for seniors who may not be able to afford travel and those who reside in rural areas. Another government strategy is to address aged concerns related to mobility and health to improve well-being and the provision of appropriate facilities for leisure travel. Senior tourism demand was found to be income inelastic and this result means that senior tourism can buffer Chinese economic growth in times of economic crisis and uncertainty, making the twin policy strategy a worthwhile consideration.

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Evaluating the Impacts of Smallholder Farmer’s Participation in Modern Agricultural Value Chain Tactics for Facilitating Poverty Alleviation—A Case Study of Kiwifruit Industry in Shaanxi, China

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11050462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 462

Author(s):

Hongyu Wang ◽

Xiaolei Wang ◽

Apurbo Sarkar ◽

Lu Qian

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Poverty Alleviation ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Multidimensional Poverty ◽

Well Being ◽

Reduction Degree ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Storage Technology

Market-based initiatives like agriculture value chain (AVC) are becoming progressively pervasive to support smallholder rural farmers and assist them in entering larger market interventions and providing a pathway of enhancing their socioeconomic well-being. Moreover, it may also foster staggering effects towards the post-era poverty alleviation in rural areas and possessed a significant theoretical and practical influence for modern agricultural development. The prime objective of the study is to explore the effects of smallholder farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain for availing rural development and poverty alleviation. Specifically, we have crafted the assessment employing pre-production (improved fertilizers usage), in-production (modern preservation technology), and post-production (supply chain) participation and interventions of smallholder farmers. The empirical data has been collected from a micro survey dataset of 623 kiwifruit farmers from July to September in Shaanxi, China. We have employed propensity score matching (PSM), probit, and OLS models to explore the multidimensional poverty reduction impact and heterogeneity of farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain. The results show that the total number of poor farmers who have experienced one-dimensional and two-dimensional poverty is relatively high (66.3%). We also find that farmers’ participation in agricultural value chain activities has a significant poverty reduction effect. The multidimensional poverty level of farmers using improved fertilizer, organizational acquisition, and using storage technology (compared with non-participating farmers) decreased by 30.1%, 46.5%, and 25.0%, respectively. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of male farmers using improved fertilizer and participating in the organizational acquisition is greater than that of women. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of female farmers using storage and fresh-keeping technology has a greater impact than the males using storage and improved storage technology. Government should widely promote the value chain in the form of pre-harvest, production, and post-harvest technology. The public–private partnership should also be strengthened for availing innovative technologies and infrastructure development.

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Digital Technologies To Enhance Social Connectedness in Long-Term Care Facilities During COVID-19: A Review

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 942-943

Author(s):

Shannon Freeman ◽

Aderonke Abgoji ◽

Alanna Koopmans ◽

Christopher Ross

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Care Facility ◽

Well Being ◽

Sufficient Information ◽

Term Care ◽

Care Facilities

Abstract A consequence of the strict visitor restrictions implemented by many Long-term Care Facilities (LTCFs), during the COVID-19 pandemic, was the exacerbation of loneliness and social isolation felt by older adult residents. While there had been a shift by some persons to utilize digital solutions to mitigate the effects of the imposed social isolation, many facilities did not have sufficient information regarding available solutions to implement institutional strategies to support social connectedness through digital solutions. To support our partners in evidence-based policy-making we conducted a scoping review to identify existing virtual technology solutions, apps, and platforms feasible to promote social connectedness among persons residing in a long-term care facility context during times of lockdown such as experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial identification of relevant literature involved a combination of keywords and subject headings searches within 5 databases (PubMed, CINAHL EBSCO, PsychINFO EBSCO, Embase OVIDSP, and Web of Science ISI). DistillerSR was used to screen, chart and summarize the data. There is growth in the availability of technologies focused on promoting health and well-being in later life for persons in long-term care facilities however a gap remains in widespread uptake. We will describe the breadth of technologies identified in this review and discuss how they vary in utility in smaller scale facilities common in rural areas. Of the technologies that can be used to mitigate the impacts of social isolation felt by long-term care residents, many “solutions” depend on stable highspeed internet, which remains a challenge in rural and northern areas.

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Rural Healthcare IoT Architecture Based on Low-Energy LoRa

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147660 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7660

Author(s):

Ace Dimitrievski ◽

Sonja Filiposka ◽

Francisco José Melero ◽

Eftim Zdravevski ◽

Petre Lameski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Well Being ◽

Battery Life ◽

Ultra Low Power ◽

Term Operation ◽

Doctor Patient Communication ◽

Connected Health ◽

Iot Devices

Connected health is expected to introduce an improvement in providing healthcare and doctor-patient communication while at the same time reducing cost. Connected health would introduce an even more significant gap between healthcare quality for urban areas with physical proximity and better communication to providers and the portion of rural areas with numerous connectivity issues. We identify these challenges using user scenarios and propose LoRa based architecture for addressing these challenges. We focus on the energy management of battery-powered, affordable IoT devices for long-term operation, providing important information about the care receivers’ well-being. Using an external ultra-low-power timer, we extended the battery life in the order of tens of times, compared to relying on low power modes of the microcontroller.

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Helping Carers Care: An Education Programme for Rural Carers of People with a Mental Illness

Australasian Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/j.1440-1665.2005.02178.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 148-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faye Hayman

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Self Care ◽

Well Being ◽

Education Programme ◽

Educational Programme ◽

Short Term ◽

Descriptive Information ◽

Exchange Programme ◽

Positive Outlook

Objective: To provide descriptive information about a short-term educational programme for rural carers of people with a mental illness, living in the Loddon Campaspe Southern Mallee region. Method: The Carers Education Exchange Programme is a flexible, needsbased model that can be modified to cater for individual groups. It consists of a number of sessions on topics relevant to caring for someone with a mental illness, held over a period of several weeks. The programme is offered at locations throughout the region, making it accessible to carers in isolated, rural areas. Results: Feedback indicates that the benefits of participating in the programme include the reduction of isolation and stigma, increased understanding of mental illness, development of skills relevant to the caring role and the formation of supportive networks, both professional and personal. Conclusions: Educational group programmes for carers are an effective way of providing both education and support. This programme can assist in reducing some of the distress and difficulties inherent in caring for someone with a mental illness. Carer well-being is enhanced by the promotion of self-care and a positive outlook.

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“I don’t feel any danger because I am in my own community”: a photovoice study on adolescents’ perceived community safety

Safer Communities ◽

10.1108/sc-07-2021-0025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Yingwei Yang ◽

Karen Liller ◽

Dinorah Martinez Tyson ◽

Martha Coulter

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Training Session ◽

Well Being ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Community Safety ◽

Content Type ◽

Safety Promotion ◽

Photovoice Methodology

Purpose A safe environment is critical for adolescents’ well-being. The purpose of this photovoice study is to explore reasons that make adolescents feel safe in their community. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted in Florida through both online and in-person recruitment. After a training session on the ethical and technical use of cameras and a brief introduction of the photovoice methodology, six adolescents took photos (n = 66) in their community and discussed their photos guided by the revised SHOWeD framework. Abridged transcripts were used to match photos with corresponding discussions. Thematic analysis was conducted by the research team. Findings This study identified four main themes related to adolescents’ safe perceptions, including community protective factors (n = 22 photos) such as safe physical environments and community cohesion; family protective factors (n = 14 photos) including safe home and caring parents; traffic safety (n = 14 photos), such as proper road signs, seat belts for car safety and helmets and locks for bicycle safety; and public safety (n = 8 photos), such as emergency numbers, fire departments and police cars and officers. Research limitations/implications Due to the limited number of participants, this study did not compare the similarities and differences of safety perceptions between adolescents living in high crime areas (urban communities) and those in low crime areas (suburban and rural communities). Future photovoice studies are recommended to further explore the influential factors associated with adolescents’ perceived community safety in urban and rural areas with different levels of crime rates to provide more evidence on targeted strategies for community safety promotion in each area. Practical implications By exploring the reasons for adolescents’ safe feelings in their community using photovoice, this study provides insights for future intervention programs to promote community safety for children and adolescents from the community, family, traffic and societal perspectives. Social implications This photovoice study not only empowers adolescents to identify community assets related to their safe perceptions but also illustrates valuable insights for researchers and public health professionals for safety promotion. Originality/value This study has used a broad research question to explore the reasons that make adolescents feel safe, providing them the opportunities to express their opinions by photo taking and photo discussions. Moreover, rich information at the community, family and societal levels has been collected as related to factors contributing to adolescents’ safe perceptions, adding to the literature on community safety. In addition, this photovoice study has offered both in-person and online participation. Such combination not only provides adolescents with an opportunity to choose a participation method that works best for them but also adds to the photovoice methodology by extending the data collection from in-person to online.

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Effect of Calcium Hypochlorite in Drip Irrigation System After Application of Red Potassium Chloride

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n3p180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

F. L. Suszek ◽

M. A. Vilas Boas ◽

S. C. Sampaio

Keyword(s):

Potassium Chloride ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Well Being ◽

Statistical Quality Control ◽

Chemical Agent ◽

Drip Irrigation System ◽

Calcium Hypochlorite ◽

Initial Flow

The use of water in agriculture should be monitored in order to be more efficient, with irrigation being the largest consumer of water in rural areas. Small farmers who are part of family farming have few resources to develop profitable activities and aiming their well-being, have created family irrigation kits which is a small drip irrigation system. The systems durability depends of some factors like clogging risk of drippers, which is often caused by the quality of the water used or the application of fertilizers to the irrigation water. This research aimed to analyze a family irrigation system with application of red potassium chloride, followed by a chemical agent to clear drippers (calcium hypochlorite) with water application before and after the fertilizer and chemical products (four treatments). At the after, the evaluations were analyzed with statistical quality control charts where the problem was detected in the final of application of the fertilizer, and the process capacity was analyzed showing that it was capable and also was analyzed the degree of system clogging in relation to the obstruction with the fertilizer and clearing with the chemical agent, which resulted in the recovery of the irrigation system (initial flow and distribution uniformity same the final) with recommendations for the use of fertilizers by drip irrigation like open the end lines after the fertigation and dissolve the fertilizer fully before application.

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A Study of the Understated Violence Within Social Contexts Against Adolescent Girls

Journal of Education Culture and Society ◽

10.15503/jecs20172.29.41 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 29-41

Author(s):

Shivangi Nigam ◽

Niranjana Soperna

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Social Issues ◽

Well Being ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Social Contexts ◽

The Social ◽

The Difference ◽

The Individual

Violence against women is linked to their disadvantaged position in the society. It is rooted in unequal power relationships between men and women in society and is a global problem which is not limited to a specific group of women in society. An adolescent girl’s life is often accustomed to the likelihood of violence, and acts of violence exert additional power over girls because the stigma of violence often attaches more to a girl than to the perpetrator. The experience of violence is distressing at the individual emotional and physical level. The field of research and programmes for adolescent girls has traditionally focused on sexuality, reproductive health, and behaviour, neglecting the broader social issues that underpin adolescent girls’ human rights, overall development, health, and well-being. This paper is an endeavour to address the understated or disguised form of violence which the adolescent girls experience within the social contexts. The parameters exposed under this research had been ignored to a large extent when it comes to studying the dimension of violence under the social domain. Hence, the researchers attempted to explore this camouflaged form of violence and discovered some specific parameters such as: Diminished Self Worth and Esteem, Verbal Abuse, Menstruation Taboo and Social Rigidity, Negligence of Medical and Health Facilities and Complexion- A Prime Parameter for Judging Beauty. The study was conducted in the districts of Haryana (India) where personal interviews were taken from both urban and rural adolescent girls (aged 13 to 19 years) based on a structured interview schedule. The results revealed that the adolescent girls, both in urban as well as rural areas were quite affected with the above mentioned issues. In urban areas, however, due to the higher literacy rate, which resulted in more rational thinking, the magnitude was comparatively smaller, but the difference was still negligible.

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Military Incursion, Tribalism and Poor Governance: The Consequences for Development in Nigeria

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.1515/mjss-2017-0033 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rufus B. Akindola ◽

Christopher O. Ehinomen

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Well Being ◽

Deep Sense

AbstractNigeria continues to face difficult challenges as a country comprising many ethnic groups with different socio-cultural, religious and economic backgrounds. This paper critically reviewed literature and found that these challenges have shaped Nigeria’s leadership and created unhealthy rivalry including, in particular, a deep sense of exploitation, marginalisation and oppression among certain ethnic groups. Despite Nigeria’s abundant natural resources, the early politicians became self-centred and failed to make good use of these resources to improve the well-being of poor Nigerians, especially those in the rural areas. Instead, it was found that the politicians were engaged in economic vandalism and political opportunism, which precipitated a premature military takeover of government.

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