Identification of conservation units of the hynobiid salamander Pachyhynobius shangchengensis

AbstractDetailed information on species delineation and population genetic structure is a prerequisite for designing effective restoration and conservation strategies for imperiled organisms. Phylogenomic and population genomic analyses based on genome-wide double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) data has identified three allopatric lineages in the North American freshwater mussel genus Cyprogenia. Cyprogenia stegaria is restricted to the Eastern Highlands and displays little genetic structuring within this region. However, two allopatric lineages of C. aberti in the Ozark and Ouachita highlands exhibit substantial levels (mean uncorrected FST = 0.368) of genetic differentiation and each warrants recognition as a distinct evolutionary lineage. Lineages of Cyprogenia in the Ouachita and Ozark highlands are further subdivided reflecting structuring at the level of river systems. Species tree inference and species delimitation in a Bayesian framework using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data supported results from phylogenetic analyses, and supports three species of Cyprogenia over the currently recognized two species. A comparison of SNPs generated from both destructively and non-destructively collected samples revealed no significant difference in the SNP error rate, quality and amount of ddRAD sequence reads, indicating that nondestructive or trace samples can be effectively utilized to generate SNP data for organisms for which destructive sampling is not permitted.

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Disentangling Species Delineation and Guiding Conservation of Endangered Magnolias in Veracruz, Mexico

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 673

Author(s):

Fabián Augusto Aldaba Aldaba Núñez ◽

Emily Veltjen ◽

Esteban Manuel Martínez Martínez Salas ◽

Marie-Stéphanie Samain

Keyword(s):

Conservation Status ◽

Full Range ◽

Genetic Evidence ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Volcanic Area ◽

Conservation Units ◽

Separate Species ◽

Representative Sampling ◽

Conservation Projects ◽

Very High

The Mexican state of Veracruz has suffered very high deforestation rates in the last few decades, and despite the establishment of protected areas and conservation projects, primary forest is now mainly persisting in mostly small, scattered, fragmented remnants. New species of Magnolia section Talauma in this state have been described with little to no reference to the already existing ones, potentially resulting in over-splitting, obscuring their taxonomic delineation and conservation status, and consequently conservation programs. To study the conservation units and their genetic diversity, we here employ 15 microsatellite markers on a highly representative sampling of 254 individuals of what are presumed to be five Magnolia species. The results support at least three species and maximum five main conservation units. We propose downgrading the latter to four, given morphological, ecological, demographical, and geographical considerations. Two out of the three sympatrically occurring species in the rainforest in the Los Tuxtlas volcanic area have weak genetic evidence to be considered separate species. Similarly, the individuals in the Sierra de Zongolica in central Veracruz, who bear a very high morphological and genetic similarity to Magnolia mexicana, have weak genetic evidence to be recognised as a separate species. Nonetheless, the individuals could be identified as Magnolia decastroi based on morphology, and further research including the full range of this species is recommended.

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Buffer zone delimitation of conservation units based on map algebra and AHP technique: A study from Atlantic Forest Biome (Brazil)

Biological Conservation ◽

10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 253 ◽

pp. 108905

Author(s):

Manoela Sacchis Lopes ◽

Bijeesh Kozhikkodan Veettil ◽

Dejanira Lüderitz Saldanha

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Conservation Units ◽

Map Algebra ◽

Forest Biome

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Reintroduction of illegally extracted Melocactus violaceus (Cactaceae) in Brazil

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605320000344 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Haissa de Abreu Caitano ◽

Valquíria Ferreira Dutra ◽

Rodrigo Theófilo Valadares ◽

Luana Silva Braucks Calazans

Keyword(s):

Environmental Monitoring ◽

Threatened Species ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Natural Area ◽

Conservation Units ◽

Threatened Plant ◽

Plant Families ◽

Espirito Santo

Abstract Cactaceae is one of the most threatened plant families, in part as a result of the illegal extraction of plants for ornamental use. However, reports of the seizure and reintroduction of cacti are scarce and do not include species of Melocactus, the genus of Cactaceae in Brazil that has the highest number of threatened species. The coroa-de-frade Melocactus violaceus is endemic to Brazil and categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. We report the seizure of 37 individuals of coroa-de-frade extracted illegally from their natural habitat, the results of their reintroduction to Paulo César Vinha State Park, in Espírito Santo state, Brazil, and provide information for environmental monitoring agencies regarding how to proceed in seizure cases, with the goal of minimizing the impacts of this illegal practice on the species. After seizure, 25 individuals were cultivated in a greenhouse and 12 were reintroduced in restinga, the natural area of occurrence of the species. After 6 months, survival was 76% for those individuals cultivated in the greenhouse and 84% for those planted in restinga, showing that rapid reintroduction of species with ornamental appeal, preferentially in their natural habitat, can reduce the impacts of illegal extraction. This reintroduction protocol can be used by managers of conservation units, contributing to the maintenance of threatened cactus species in their natural habitat.

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Periphytic and planktonic algae records from the upper Paraná river ﬂoodplain, Brazil: an update

Hoehnea ◽

10.1590/2236-8906-03/2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 560-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bárbara Dunck ◽

Maria Gabriela Junqueira ◽

Andressa Bichoff ◽

Matheus Vieira da Silva ◽

Alfonso Pineda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

Paraná River ◽

State University ◽

Conservation Units ◽

River Floodplain ◽

Planktonic Algae ◽

Parana River ◽

Upper Paraná River Floodplain ◽

Upper Paraná River ◽

Paraná River Floodplain

ABSTRACT The upper Paraná river floodplain is a strategic area for the Brazilian biological and environmental patrimony and contains several conservation units. We aimed to record the occurrence and the geographic distribution of microalgae in this floodplain during 30 years of research carried out by the Center for Research in Limnology, Ichthyology and Aquaculture - State University of Maringá. We consulted 80 publications (national and international journals and books published from 1986 to 2016). We considered only published works that referenced algae at the generic and infrageneric levels. The results indicated 938 species of algae (562 periphytic, 482 planktonic), which 103 co-occur in the two habitats. Cosmarium was the richest genera for periphyton and Traquelomonas for phytoplankton. This study increased the knowledge of microalgae biodiversity in Brazil and provided data for future ecological and biogeographic studies.

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Abundance and composition of the medium to large-sized mammals in a private area of a REDD+ project in Acre, Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0487 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

André Luis Moura Botelho ◽

Luiz Henrique Medeiros Borges ◽

Brian McFarland

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Rare Species ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Large Mammals ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Conservation Units ◽

Key Species ◽

Tapirus Terrestris

Abstract: The implementation of private areas focused on conservation of species and habitats, combined with REDD+ policies, has become an important ally for biodiversity conservation, expanding the conservation areas of the most varied habitats, covering key groups such as large mammals, which are extremely important for the maintenance of ecosystem services. In the upper region of the Purus River in Acre, Brazil, an inventory was carried out using camera-traps, of medium and large mammals community in a private REDD+ area, known as the Purus Project. A total of 19 species of mammals were recorded with an effort of 1859 trap-nigths, including rare, endangered and key species. It is estimated that the richness for the area is of 22 species. Endangered and rare species such as the tapir (Tapirus terrestris) and the short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis) presented high rates of relative abundance compared to other Conservation Units (UCs). The richness of medium to large-sized mammals recorded in the Purus Project underscores the importance of REDD+ in private areas for the conservation of this group, given the challenges for inclusion and creation of new protected areas. REDD+ projects in privates' areas become an important component for conservation of species and the connection between public conservation units favoring the spread of species and populations between areas, and consequently the gene flow.

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The vascular flora of Porto Ferreira State Park: an ecotonal area in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2021-1229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Pavan Sabino ◽

Vitor de Andrade Kamimura ◽

Renan Borgiani ◽

Rafael Konopczyk ◽

Ernesto Pedro Dickfeldt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Riparian Forest ◽

Vegetation Type ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

São Paulo ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Conservation Units ◽

Semideciduous Forest ◽

Floristic Similarity ◽

Vascular Flora

Abstract: The Porto Ferreira State Park (PFSP) is located in the State of São Paulo southeastern Brazil, in an intriguing transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado - both hotspots of biodiversity - represented mainly by the cerradão (CER), and the seasonal semideciduous forest (SSF), with its alluvial variation vegetation type (riparian forest - RP). Ecotonal areas play an important role in providing ecological and phytogeographic knowledge regarding the flora and vegetation of this region. Despite various studies on the PFSP, knowledge of this region remains fragmented. In this study, we aim to conduct an updated checklist of the PFSP vascular flora, including a compilation of all the studies conducted in this protected area, plus field work carried out by the authors from 2014 to 2017. In addition, given its ecotonal characteristics, we completed a floristic similarity analysis between the PFSP and other floristic surveys that examined the same vegetation types present in this study, to gain a better understanding of their phytogeographic relationships. Overall, 684 species, belonging to 387 genera and 107 families, were recorded. The SSF presented the richest vegetation type (478 species), followed by the CER (418) and the RP (231). The most diverse families were Fabaceae (64 species), Myrtaceae (41), Orchidaceae (39), Rubiaceae (37), Asteraceae (35), Bignoniaceae (26) and Malvaceae (20). Moreover, eight threatened species, at regional and national levels, were found. To date, 412 species have been added to the floristic list produced for the PFSP. The life forms with the highest number of species were trees (286 species), herbs (176) plus shrubs and subshrubs (123). Our research findings indicate floristic patterns with higher levels of similarity among species in geographical proximity, including those in ecotonal areas encompassing different vegetation types. These results rank the PFSP among some of the most species-rich conservation units with seasonal climates, and therefore is of great importance for plant conservation in the southeast of Brazil.

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Unidades de Conservação no Pantanal do município de Aquidauana-MS: uma análise da evolução do uso da terra e cobertura vegetal e suas implicações / Conservation Units in Pantanal in the municipality (...)

Caderno de Geografia ◽

10.5752/p.2318-2962.2014v24n42p139 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (42) ◽

pp. 139-154

Author(s):

Lucy Ribeiro Ayach ◽

Vitor Matheus Bacani ◽

Jaime Ferreira Da Silva

Keyword(s):

Environmental Management ◽

Conservation Units ◽

Nature Protection ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Methodological Procedures ◽

Eventual Loss ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽

Advance Production

Diante do avanço da produção econômica no Brasil e os consequentes impactos sobre os recursos naturais, a criação do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação – SNUC, Lei 9.985/2000, determina importantes normatizações e incentivo às medidas de conservação de áreas naturais dos diferentes ecossistemas brasileiros, na busca da difícil compatibilização do desenvolvimento econômico com a proteção à natureza. No estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, município de Aquidauana, as medidas de proteção ambiental são essenciais em virtude das características peculiares do ecossistema Pantanal. Com o objetivo de levantar informações acerca das condições ambientais das Unidades de Conservação no Município de Aquidauana-MS, o estudo propõe uma análise preliminar da evolução do uso da terra e cobertura vegetal das Unidades de Conservação que abrangem a área do Pantanal, referente ao período de 1987 a 2012. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados consistiram no levantamento bibliográfico, cartográfico, iconográfico e da legislação existente, bem como análise da legislação. Os resultados indicam considerável preocupação em relação ao avanço da pecuária e consequente perda da vegetação nativa, implicando na necessidade urgente de monitoramento e gestão ambiental para medidas de conservação do Pantanal. Palavras-Chave: Pantanal; Unidades de Conservação; Gestão ambiental AbstractAs a result of the economical advance production in Brazil and the consequent impacts on natural resources, the creation of the Conservation Units National System – SNUC, Law 9.985/2000, determinates important regulations and incentive to the conservation rules for natural areas in the different Brazilian ecosystem, seeking to have the difficult compatibility between economical development and the nature protection. In the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, municipality of Aquidauana, the environmental protection measures are essential due to the singular characteristics of the Pantanal ecosystem. Aiming to collect information about the environmental conditions of the Conservation Units in the municipality of Aquidauana-MS, the study proposes a preliminary analysis of the evolution of the land use and vegetal coverage in the Conservation Units that include the wetlands of Pantanal, referring to the periods from 1987 to 2012. The methodological procedures adopted consisted of literature, cartographical and iconographical survey as well as the existing legislation study. The results indicate considerable concern about the cattle breeding rise and eventual loss of the native vegetation, implying the urgent necessity of monitoring and environmental management for Pantanal conservation measures. Keywords: Pantanal; Conservation Units; Environmental Management.

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