Pathogenicity for onion and genetic diversity of isolates of the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Phyllachoraceae) from the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

An indigenous, host-specific, pathogenic fungus that parasitizes winged waterprimrose [Jussiaea decurrens(Walt.) DC.] is endemic in the rice growing region of Arkansas. The fungus was isolated and identified asColletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f.sp. jussiaeae(CGJ). It is highly specific for parasitism of winged waterprimrose and not parasitic on creeping waterprimrose (J. repensL. var.glabrescensKtze.), rice (Oryza sativaL.), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), or 4 other crops and 13 other weeds. The fungus was physiologically distinct from C.gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.aeschynomene(CGA), an endemic anthracnose pathogen of northern jointvetch[Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P.], as indicated by cross inoculations of both weeds. Culture in the laboratory and inoculation of winged waterprimrose in greenhouse, growth chamber and field experiments indicated that the pathogen was stable, specific, and virulent in a wide range of environments. The pathogen yielded large quantities of spores in liquid culture. It is suitable for control of winged waterprimrose. Winged waterprimrose and northern jointvetch were controlled in greenhouse and field tests by application of spore mixtures of CGJ and CGA at concentrations of 1 to 2 million spores/ml of each fungus in 94 L/ha of water; the fungi did not damage rice or nontarget crops.

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Genetic diversity of improved genotypes of Tectona grandis in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Southern Forests a Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.2989/20702620.2021.1877094 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Mariana de Moura Queiroz ◽

Sidney Fernando Caldeira ◽

Alexandre Magno Sebbenn ◽

Daniele Aparecida Alvarenga Arriel

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

The State ◽

Mato Grosso

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Patterns of genetic diversity of local pig populations in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982011000800010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 1691-1699 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elizabete Cristina da Silva ◽

Wilson Moreira Dutra Junior ◽

Patrícia Ianella ◽

Manoel Adrião Gomes Filho ◽

Cláudio José Parro de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

The State

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GENOMIC DETERMINATION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FATHER LINES OF SLOVAK PINZGAU COWS

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1603110k ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Veronika KUKUČKOVÁ ◽

Nina MORAVČÍKOVÁ ◽

Radovan KASARDA

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

The State ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Pedigree Data ◽

Probable Number ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

High Level ◽

The Bayesian Approach

The aim of this study was to assess genetic structure of Slovak Pinzgau populationbased on polymorphism at molecular markers using statistical methods. Femaleoffspring of 12 most frequently used bulls in Slovak Pinzgau breeding programmewere investigated. Pinzgau cattle were found to have a high level of diversity,supported by the number of alleles observed across loci (average 5.31, range 2-11)and by the high within-breed expected heterozygosity (average 0.66, range 0.64-0.73). The state of genetic diversity is satisfying and standard for local populations.Detection of 12 possible subpopulation structures provided us with detailedinformation of the genetic structure. The Bayesian approach was applied, detectingthree, as the most probable number of clusters. The similarity of eachsubpopulation using microsatellites was confirmed also by high-throughputmolecular data. The observed inbreeding (FROH=2.3%) was higher than thatexpected based on pedigree data (FPED=0.4%) due to the limited number ofavailable generations in pedigree data. One of the most important steps indevelopment of efficient autochthonous breed protection programs ischaracterization of genetic variability and assessment of the population structure.The chosen set of microsatellites confirmed the suitability in determination of thesubpopulations of Pinzgau cattle in Slovakia. The state of genetic diversity at moredetailed level was successfully performed using bovineSNP50 BeadChip.

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Creole cattle from northwestern Mexico has high genetic diversity in the locus DRB3.2

Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales ◽

10.1017/s2078633615000211 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

I.G. Fernández ◽

I. Leyva-Baca ◽

F. Rodríguez-Almeida ◽

R. Ulloa-Arvizu ◽

J.G. Ríos-Ramírez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Baja California ◽

The State ◽

Baja California Sur ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

La Paz ◽

Separate Branch ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Creole Cattle ◽

Northwestern Mexico

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of creole cattle in northwestern Mexico using the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). A total of 56 creole cattle were sampled from five communities; in the state of Chihuahua (Cerocahui, Guadalupe y Calvo and Cuauhtémoc) and in the state of Baja California Sur (La Paz and Mulegé). The BoLA-DRB3.2 locus was genotyped by PCR-RFLP assay. Thirty-nine alleles were identified, out of which 14 had not been previously reported. The average level of inbreeding in all populations analyzed wasFIS= 0.09 (P< 0.0001), but only two populations (Cerocahui and Guadalupe y Calvo) showed an excess of homozygotes (P< 0.05). The breed differentiation in all populations studied wasFSC= 0.068 (P< 0.0001). The smallest genetic distance was between La Paz and Mulegé (0.022); but Mulegé presented smaller distances (0.028–0.053) with the populations of La Paz (0.071–0.083) and with Chihuahua. Baja California Sur populations are grouped in a separate branch than Chihuahua populations. We conclude that creole cattle from Baja California Sur and Chihuahua show high genetic diversity in the locus BoLA-DRB3.2.

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The Incorporation of Amplified Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence in a CMOS-Based Biosensor Increased the Detection Sensitivity of a DNA Marker of the Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Biosensors ◽

10.3390/bios10120204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Dorin Harpaz ◽

Noam Alkan ◽

Evgeni Eltzov

Keyword(s):

Glass Surface ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Light Signal ◽

Detection Sensitivity ◽

Silver Layer ◽

Enhanced Fluorescence ◽

Silver Deposition ◽

Reaction Duration ◽

Dna Strand

Half of the global agricultural fresh produce is lost, mainly because of rots that are caused by various pathogenic fungi. In this study, a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based biosensor was developed, which integrates specific DNA strands that allow the detection of enoyl-CoA-hydratase/isomerase, which is a quiescent marker of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungi. The developed biosensor mechanism is based on the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) phenomenon, which is amplified by depositing silver onto a glass surface. A surface DNA strand is then immobilized on the surface, and in the presence of the target mRNA within the sample, the reporter DNA strand that is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme will also bind to it. The light signal that is later produced from the HRP enzyme and its substrate is enhanced and detected by the coupled CMOS sensor. Several parameters that affect the silver-deposition procedure were examined, including silver solution temperature and volume, heating mode, and the tank material. Moreover, the effect of blocking treatment (skim milk or bovine serum albumin (BSA)) on the silver-layer stability and nonspecific DNA absorption was tested. Most importantly, the effect of the deposition reaction duration on the silver-layer formation and the MEF amplification was also investigated. In the study findings a preferred silver-deposition reaction duration was identified as 5–8 min, which increased the deposition of silver on the glass surface up to 13-times, and also resulted in the amplification of the MEF phenomenon with a maximum light signal of 50 relative light units (RLU). It was found that MEF can be amplified by a customized silver-deposition procedure that results in increased detection sensitivity. The implementation of the improved conditions increased the biosensor sensitivity to 3.3 nM (4500 RLU) with a higher detected light signal as compared to the initial protocol (400 RLU). Moreover, the light signal was amplified 18.75-, 11.11-, 5.5-, 11.25-, and 3.75-times in the improved protocol for all the tested concentrations of the target DNA strand of 1000, 100, 10, 3.3, and 2 nM, respectively. The developed biosensor system may allow the detection of the pathogenic fungus in postharvest produce and determine its pathogenicity state.

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Research Article Genetic diversity and population structure of cassava ethno-varieties grown in six municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Genetics and Molecular Research ◽

10.4238/gmr18357 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

Author(s):

A.V. Tiago ◽

E.S.S. Hoogerheide ◽

E.C.M. Pedri ◽

F.S. Rossi ◽

E.S. Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

The State ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Research Article

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Development of Microsatellite Markers and Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0151257 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e0151257 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Asmare D. Moges ◽

Belayneh Admassu ◽

Derbew Belew ◽

Mohammed Yesuf ◽

Joyce Njuguna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

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Destabilization of chromosome structure by histone H3 lysine 27 methylation

10.1101/454223 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mareike Möller ◽

Klaas Schotanus ◽

Jessica Soyer ◽

Janine Haueisen ◽

Kathrin Happ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Normal Cell ◽

Genome Stability ◽

Large Scale ◽

Chromosome Structure ◽

Cell Function ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

The Impact ◽

Accessory Chromosomes

AbstractChromosome and genome stability are important for normal cell function as instability often correlates with disease and dysfunction of DNA repair mechanisms. Many organisms maintain supernumerary or accessory chromosomes that deviate from standard chromosomes. The pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici has as many as eight accessory chromosomes, which are highly unstable during meiosis and mitosis, transcriptionally repressed, show enrichment of repetitive elements, and enrichment with heterochromatic histone methylation marks, e.g., trimethylation of H3 lysine 9 or lysine 27 (H3K9me3, H3K27me3). To elucidate the role of heterochromatin on genome stability in Z. tritici, we deleted the genes encoding the methyltransferases responsible for H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, kmt1 and kmt6, respectively, and generated a double mutant. We combined experimental evolution and genomic analyses to determine the impact of these deletions on chromosome and genome stability, both in vitro and in planta. We used whole genome sequencing, ChIP-seq, and RNA-seq to compare changes in genome and chromatin structure, and differences in gene expression between mutant and wildtype strains. Analyses of genome and ChIP-seq data in H3K9me3-deficient strains revealed dramatic chromatin reorganization, where H3K27me3 is mostly relocalized into regions that are enriched with H3K9me3 in wild type. Many genome rearrangements and formation of new chromosomes were found in the absence of H3K9me3, accompanied by activation of transposable elements. In stark contrast, loss of H3K27me3 actually increased the stability of accessory chromosomes under normal growth conditions in vitro, even without large scale changes in gene activity. We conclude that H3K9me3 is important for the maintenance of genome stability because it disallows H3K27me3 in these regions. In this system, H3K27me3 reduces the overall stability of accessory chromosomes, generating a “metastable” state for these quasi-essential regions of the genome.Author SummaryGenome and chromosome stability are essential to maintain normal cell function and viability. However, differences in genome and chromosome structure are frequently found in organisms that undergo rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions, and in humans are often found in cancer cells. We study genome instability in a fungal pathogen that exhibits a high degree of genetic diversity. Regions that show extraordinary diversity in this pathogen are the transposon-rich accessory chromosomes, which contain few genes that are of unknown benefit to the organism but maintained in the population and thus considered “quasi essential”. Accessory chromosomes in all fungi studied so far are enriched with markers for heterochromatin, namely trimethylation of H3 lysine 9 and 27 (H3K9me3, H3K27me3). We show that loss of these heterochromatin marks has strong but opposing effects on genome stability. While loss of the transposon-associated mark H3K9me3 destabilizes the entire genome, presence of H3K27me3 favors instability of accessory chromosomes. Our study provides insight into the relationship between chromatin and genome stability and why some regions are more susceptible to genetic diversity than others.

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The results of divergence of early-maturing maize source material in heterosis breeding

Plant varieties studying and protection ◽

10.21498/2518-1017.16.4.2020.224055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

Author(s):

В. Ю. Черчель ◽

Ю. Ю. Купар ◽

М. М. Таганцова ◽

О. Ф. Стасів

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

State Institution ◽

Source Material ◽

The State ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Genetic Base ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Heterosis Breeding

Purpose. To analyze the divergence of early maturing source material of corn Zea mays L. in heterosis breeding for the genetic base formation at the State Institution the Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS of Ukraine.Methods. Field (comprehensive assessment of morphobiological and economically valuable characteristics of the source material and maize hybrids) individual selection, cumulative and recurrent selection, backross and testcrosses breeding methods; laboratory; analysis and synthesis; statistical.Results. The results of research on the analysis of the divergence of early maturing corn source material in the conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine has become a developed harmonized working collection of corn breeding samples adapted to the stressful conditions of this region. The gradual cyclical improvement of the lines made it possible to form the core of the genetic diversity of FAO 150–290 early maturing specimens of the southern ecotype, which are competitive in heterosis breeding. The complexity of breeding for early maturity in the steppe conditions is due to the lack of material adapted to the stress factors of the South of Ukraine. The available early maturing lines of the world collection F2, F7, Ер1, Ма21, Ма23, Со125, Со255, См7, PLS61, S72, etc., were distinguished by high cold resistance, good starting plant development, intensive accumulation of dry matter during ripening, but not adapted to the deficiency of moisture in the soil and high summer temperatures. According to the results of the experiment, it was revealed that, in terms of breeding, lines of Lancaster plasma (DK427 and DK633) were the most plastic, due to which a number of new mid-early lines were obtained, for example DK2/427, DK267, DK266/417, DK633/266, DK296, etc., which were included in the registered hybrids. Formation of the genetic base of early maturing maize source material for heterosis breeding and systematization according to different breeding characteristics provided a balance of samples of alternative components, which will be further used to model heterosis hybrids in the early maturing group.Conclusions. The updated basic collection of lines is represented by the samples of plasma Iodent: DK744SVZM, DK216SVZM, DK4173SVZM, DK235zS, DK257zM, SV, DK365SVZM, DK777ZMSV, DK733-7zM,SV, DK315SVZM; Lancaster: DK296zS,VM, DK633/266zS,VM, DK2965ZSZM, DK2953 ZSZM, DK3023 ZSZM, DK236zS,ZM; Raid (SSS): DK232MV, DK2323MV, DK239MV; Mixed: DK253ZSZM, DK273MV, DK272zS, DK281SV, DK233zM,SV, DK959MV, DK9527 ZSZM, DK247MV, DK2442MV, which is the basis of the genetic diversity of early ripening corn samples included in the State register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine.

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