scholarly journals The results of divergence of early-maturing maize source material in heterosis breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Ю. Черчель ◽  
Ю. Ю. Купар ◽  
М. М. Таганцова ◽  
О. Ф. Стасів
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The State ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Heterosis Breeding

Purpose. To analyze the divergence of early maturing source material of corn Zea mays L. in heterosis breeding for the genetic base formation at the State Institution the Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS of Ukraine.Methods. Field (comprehensive assessment of morphobiological and economically valuable characteristics of the source material and maize hybrids) individual selection, cumulative and recurrent selection, backross and testcrosses bree­ding methods; laboratory; analysis and synthesis; statistical.Results. The results of research on the analysis of the divergence of early maturing corn source material in the conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine has become a developed harmonized working collection of corn breeding samples adapted to the stressful conditions of this region. The gradual cyclical improvement of the lines made it possible to form the core of the genetic diversity of FAO 150–290 early maturing specimens of the southern ecotype, which are competitive in heterosis breeding. The complexity of breeding for early maturity in the steppe conditions is due to the lack of material adapted to the stress factors of the South of Ukraine. The available early maturing lines of the world collection F2, F7, Ер1, Ма21, Ма23, Со125, Со255, См7, PLS61, S72, etc., were distinguished by high cold resistance, good starting plant development, intensive accumulation of dry matter during ripening, but not adapted to the deficiency of moisture in the soil and high summer temperatures. According to the results of the experiment, it was revealed that, in terms of breeding, lines of Lancaster plasma (DK427 and DK633) were the most plastic, due to which a number of new mid-early lines were obtained, for example DK2/427, DK267, DK266/417, DK633/266, DK296, etc., which were included in the registered hybrids. Formation of the genetic base of early maturing maize source material for heterosis breeding and systematization accor­ding to different breeding characteristics provided a balance of samples of alternative components, which will be further used to model heterosis hybrids in the early maturing group.Conclusions. The updated basic collection of lines is represented by the samples of plasma Iodent: DK744SVZM, DK216SVZM, DK4173SVZM, DK235zS, DK257zM, SV, DK365SVZM, DK777ZMSV, DK733-7zM,SV, DK315SVZM; Lancaster: DK296zS,VM, DK633/266zS,VM, DK2965ZSZM, DK2953 ZSZM, DK3023 ZSZM, DK236zS,ZM; Raid (SSS): DK232MV, DK2323MV, DK239MV; Mixed: DK253ZSZM, DK273MV, DK272zS, DK281SV, DK233zM,SV, DK959MV, DK9527 ZSZM, DK247MV, DK2442MV, which is the basis of the genetic diversity of early ripening corn samples included in the State register of plant varie­ties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and genetic diversity studies of Indian soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars using SSR markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Jeevan Kumar ◽  
C. Susmita ◽  
K. V. Sripathy ◽  
Dinesh K. Agarwal ◽  
Govind Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Purity Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Abstract Background The genetic base of soybean cultivars in India has been reported to be extremely narrow, due to repeated use of few selected and elite genotypes as parents in the breeding programmes. This ultimately led to the reduction of genetic variability among existing soybean cultivars and stagnation in crop yield. Thus in order to enhance production and productivity of soybean, broadening of genetic base and exploring untapped valuable genetic diversity has become quite indispensable. This could be successfully accomplished through molecular characterization of soybean genotypes using various DNA based markers. Hence, an attempt was made to study the molecular divergence and relatedness among 29 genotypes of soybean using SSR markers. Methods and results A total of 35 SSR primers were deployed to study the genetic divergence among 29 genotypes of soybean. Among them, 14 primer pairs were found to be polymorphic producing a total of 34 polymorphic alleles; and the allele number for each locus ranged from two to four with an average of 2.43 alleles per primer pair. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values of SSRs ranged from 0.064 to 0.689 with an average of 0.331. The dendrogram constructed based on dissimilarity indices clustered the 29 genotypes into two major groups and four sub-groups. Similarly, principal coordinate analysis grouped the genotypes into four major groups that exactly corresponded to the clustering of genotypes among four sub-groups of dendrogram. Besides, the study has reported eight unique and two rare alleles that could be potentially utilized for genetic purity analysis and cultivar identification in soybean. Conclusion In the present investigation, two major clusters were reported and grouping of large number of genotypes in each cluster indicated high degree of genetic resemblance and narrow genetic base among the genotypes used in the study. With respect to the primers used in the study, the values of PIC and other related parameters revealed that the selected SSR markers are moderately informative and could be potentially utilized for diversity analysis of soybean. The clustering pattern of dendrogram constructed based on SSR loci profile displayed good agreement with the cultivar’s pedigree information. High level of genetic similarity observed among the genotypes from the present study necessitates the inclusion of wild relatives, land races and traditional cultivars in future soybean breeding programmes to widen the crop gene pool. Thus, hybridization among diverse gene pool could result in more heterotic combinations ultimately enhancing genetic gain, crop yield and resistance to various stress factors.

scholarly journals Study of collection samples of table watermel with unconventional pulp color

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
N. G. Baybakova ◽  
G. V. Varivoda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Pulp Consistency ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

Relevance. The study of the collection is one of the main sources of replenishing the source material for the breeding process. The presence of the necessary genetic traits can speed up the breeding process. Therefore, at the Bykovskaya melon breeding experimental station, the genetic diversity of melon plants is assessed and promising samples are selected for use in breeding.Materials and methods. The object of research was samples of table watermelon with an unconventional color of the pulp. The aim of the work is to study and isolate the source material of watermelon for use in the breeding process to create new varieties and hybrids of melon crops. In the course of the study, 12 varieties of table watermelon were identified from 33 varieties of the collection nursery, which are sources of economically valuable traits. The selection was carried out according to the yield, the rate of entry into fruiting, taste, color of the pulp.Results. In the course of the research, the obtained samples of table watermelon with an unconventional color of the pulp were evaluated according to a set of economic characteristics in comparison with the standards: Zenith and Sinchevsky. The analysis of the tested samples made it possible to identify 12 samples by economically valuable traits: 3 samples by early maturity and taste: White sugar lump, White wonder, Golden revenge F1; 7 samples with a high dry matter content, in terms of yield and large fruit: Moon and stars yellowflesh, Sweet Siberian, Orangeglo, Daisy, Clay county yellow meat, Mountain sweet yellow, Tendergold; 2 samples for color and pulp consistency: Early moon beane Bakerlneek, Tenderweet orange. The selected samples meet the modern requirements of the industrial melon growing industry, resistant to stress factors of the environment, good taste and consumer properties.Findings. The obtained experimental data will be used to create a genetic collection of watermelon according to the traits that determine the economic value of the gene pool for further use in the breeding process. 

scholarly journals Breeding of fodder crops for high yields and early maturity in Siberia

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
R. I. Polyudina ◽  
D. A. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
State Register ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The Institutions of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences have created 118 cultivars of 32 crops up to 2019. The early maturing winter hardy high yielding cultivars of red clover have been first obtained in Siberia, among them are Meteor, Pamyati Lisitsyna (4x) and Prima (2x) cultivars. Four cultivars of sudan grass Novosibirskaya 84, Lira, Dostyk and Karagandinskaya were created. Three cultivars of soybean such as SibNIIK-315, SibNIIK-9, Gorinskaya and five canola cultivars have been included in the State register. Sibiryachka cultivar of oil radish was created first in Siberia.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic variability among accessions of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Richard Olayiwola ◽  
Rukayat Ayomikun Yusuf ◽  
Oyeboade Adebiyi Oyetunde ◽  
Olufemi Sunday Sosanya ◽  
Omolayo Johnson Ariyo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
West And Central Africa

Abstract Okra yields are low in West and Central Africa and factors including narrow genetic base of available germplasm have been implicated. An assessment of genetic variability among germplasm from various sources and knowledge of trait contributions to these variations is crucial to the success of okra breeding program. Eighteen okra accessions were evaluated during the 2020 cropping season in Nigeria to assess the genotypes for genetic diversity, group the accessions into clusters and identify traits that chiefly accounted for the variations among the genotypes. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), metroglyph and principal component analyses (PCA). ANOVA revealed significant accession mean squares for majority of the measured traits. Metroglyph analysis grouped the accessions into four clusters with members of Cluster IV generally high-yielding, early-maturing and short genotypes. NGB00353 and NGB00356 that were among genotypes with high total index scores were members of Cluster IV. The first four principal components (PCs) accounted for 80% of the total observed variation. PC1 with the highest discriminatory power was loaded with days to budding, internode length, pod yield.plot−1 and the number of pods.plant−1. The variation within and between clusters could be explored in okra breeding program.

Genetic base and relatedness of Indian early maturing potato (Solanum tuberosum) selections

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
R. KUMAR ◽  
G. S. KANG ◽  
S. K. PANDEY ◽  
J. GOPAL
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Gene Complexes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYPedigree analysis was used to study the genetic background of 66 Indian early maturing potato selections, the pedigree of which was traced back to 35 ancestors. Six of the 35 contributed 0·42 of the genetic base, which shows the narrow genetic base of Indian early maturing genotypes. Genotypes 2814 (a)1 (f=0·145) and 3069 (d)4 (f=0·145) were the ancestors which appeared most frequently. Based on the coefficient of relationship, the 66 selections were grouped into seven groups with one common ancestor in almost all the selections within a group. The genotypes Kufri Ashoka, Kufri Pukhraj, AGB-69-1, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Alankar, Kufri Lauvkar and Kufri Kuber were identified as very important parents/ancestors, carrying specific gene complexes valuable in new selections. Crosses between selections from different diversity groups can result in the selection of useful clones while increasing or maintaining genetic diversity, which is desirable to ensure sustainable breeding progress in the future.

Comparative characteristics of educational stress and mental health of senior medicine students at different universities (results of an interregional study)

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Victoria Ruzhenkova ◽  
Irina Sheremet’eva ◽  
Viktor Ruzhenkov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
The State ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
State University ◽  
The Future ◽  
Training Stress ◽  
Medical University

Stress negatively affects the mental health of students, causes anxiety and depression, leads to poor academic performance, lowers level of professional training and success in the future. The purpose of the research is to study the state of mental health of medical students to develop recommendations for the prevention of maladaptation. Materials and methods. 252 5-year students aged 20–29 (22 ± 1,1) years, 168 (66,7 %) females and 84 (33,3 %) males (137 students of Belgorod State University and 115 of Altay State Medical University (ASMU)) were examined by medico-sociological and psychometric methods. Results. It was established that every fifth student of the Belgorod State University and every third of the ASMU did not enter the medical university on their own initiative. Less than half (43 %) of Belgorod State University students and 30.4 % of the ASMU ones are convinced that the choice of profession was correct, 35 and 37.4 % are, consequently, completely disappointed with it. Students of Belgorod State University dealt with training stress factors poorer and, as a result, have more pronounced mental symptoms of training stress, difficulties in organizing the daily regimen, irregular nutrition, and fear of the future. Regardless of the region of studying, the number of students not committed to the medical profession, after 5 years of study, is more than 3 times higher among those who enter the university not on their own initiative. Students of the ASMU hit substances, skipped classes, played computer games and took sedative drugs more often to overcome academic stress. The degree of anxiety before the exams in students of Belgorod State University was higher (9 points) than in their peers from the State Medical University (7 points). An extremely high (8–10 points) level of anxiety before exams was characteristic of 75,9 and 44,3 % of students, respectively. The former were more likely to experience clinically significant panic attacks: 27,7 and 6,1 %. Conclusion. Given the high incidence of social phobia (19,1–24,1 %), depression (22,6–32,2 %) and anxiety (21,9– 27,8 %) among medical students, the development and implementation of psycho-correctional programs aimed at the formation of adaptive ways to overcome stress, reduce anxiety and depression is required. This will prevent the development of psychosomatic disorders and addictions.

Multivariate analysis to quantify genetic diversity and family selection in sour passion fruit under recurrent selection

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Fernanda Nunes Ferreira ◽  
Willian Krause ◽  
Maria Helena Menezes Cordeiro ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Eileen Azevedo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Sour Passion Fruit

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Extra-Early Maturing Landraces for Improving Tolerance to Drought, Heat, and Both Combined Stresses in Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Nelimor ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Antonia Yarney Tetteh ◽  
Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
Assanvo Simon-Pierre N’guetta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Landrace Accessions

Maize landrace accessions constitute an invaluable gene pool of unexplored alleles that can be harnessed to mitigate the challenges of the narrowing genetic base, declined genetic gains, and reduced resilience to abiotic stress in modern varieties developed from repeated recycling of few superior breeding lines. The objective of this study was to identify extra-early maize landraces that express tolerance to drought and/or heat stress and maintain high grain yield (GY) with other desirable agronomic/morpho-physiological traits. Field experiments were carried out over two years on 66 extra-early maturing maize landraces and six drought and/or heat-tolerant populations under drought stress (DS), heat stress (HS), combined both stresses (DSHS), and non-stress (NS) conditions as a control. Wide variations were observed across the accessions for measured traits under each stress, demonstrating the existence of substantial natural variation for tolerance to the abiotic stresses in the maize accessions. Performance under DS was predictive of yield potential under DSHS, but tolerance to HS was independent of tolerance to DS and DSHS. The accessions displayed greater tolerance to HS (23% yield loss) relative to DS (49% yield loss) and DSHS (yield loss = 58%). Accessions TZm-1162, TZm-1167, TZm-1472, and TZm-1508 showed particularly good adaptation to the three stresses. These landrace accessions should be further explored to identify the genes underlying their high tolerance and they could be exploited in maize breeding as a resource for broadening the genetic base and increasing the abiotic stress resilience of elite maize varieties.

Serological Diagnostics Of Atrophy Of The Gastric Mucosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Karimov Mirvasit Mirvasikovich ◽  
◽  
Sobirova Guzal Naimovna ◽  
Abdullaeva Umida Kurbanovna ◽  
Aslonova Ibodat Zhabborovna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Serological Analysis ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biochemical Laboratory ◽  
Serological Diagnostics

The association between HP infection and CAH development suggested by the Correa cascade is supported by several cohort studies. To diagnose and determine the severity of atrophy at the Center, patients underwent a serological analysis by ELISA method in the clinical and biochemical laboratory of the State Institution "RSNPMCT and MR". Analyzes were taken in 69 (58.5%) patients, including 35 (50.7%) with CAH, 34 (49.3%) with CNG. Analysis of the non-invasive indicator of the level of pepsinogens in patients with CAH determined that severe atrophy was detected in 20%, moderate atrophy - 42.9%, weak atrophy - 34.3%, and no atrophy was found in 2.9% of patients. The pepsinogen parameters in patients with CNG were also as follows: PG I was within 95.4 ± 7.2 μg / L, PG II 14.5 ± 1.3 and PGI / PGII 6.6 ± 0.2. Pepsinogen values were more pronounced in patients with CAH: with a pronounced degree of atrophy, PGI was 8.7 ± 0.1 μg / l and PGI / PGII was 1.1 ± 0.1; with moderate atrophy 16.6 ± 0.9 μg / l and 1.6 ± 0.1; with mild atrophy 27.2 ± 1.5 and 2.3 ± 0.2, respectively.

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