A Self-Contained Heating System for Cold Weather Operation of Fire Fighting Trucks

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Westphal
Keyword(s):  
Heating System ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Cold Weather

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Physiological Effects on Children of School Heating by Hot-Water Radiators and by Radiant Heat from Electric Ceiling and Wall Panels

1933 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Crowden ◽  
M. Hetherington ◽  
W. R. Luxton
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Control School ◽  
School Work ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Wall Panels

1. An attempt has been made to ascertain by physiological observations on school children whether the radiant heat from a heating installation comprising electric panels suspended from the ceilings and walls of the classrooms, in a semi open-air school, was sufficient to impart adequate warmth to children while performing the ordinary curriculum of an elementary school.2. During identical cold weather conditions, observations were made on children in two schools in the same area, the one heated by electric ceiling and wall panels and the other, the control school, heated by hot-water radiators and pipes.3. The children in classrooms heated by radiant heat from electric ceiling and wall panels were found to be attempting to perform ordinary elementary school work under conditions of chilling incompatible with comfort and efficiency, and without such compensating factors as frequent exercise and controlled nutrition, neither of which are possible in such a school.4. The observations made on the children in the semi open-air electric-panel heated school, the air temperatures and cooling powers encountered in the classrooms, and the control observations made in the hot-water heated school under similar weather conditions prove that the radiant heat emitted from the electric ceiling and wall panels was insufficient to impart adequate warmth to the children, and that the heating system as at present installed and controlled, is unable adequately to cope with such cold conditions as are commonly met with during the winter months of the year.

Simulation of New Solar Heating System for Heating Biogas Digesters above Ground in Cold Regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A.M. Hassanein ◽  
Ling Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Building Energy Simulation ◽  
Energy Plus

The biogas amounts with stable flowing rate require heating in cold weather. This study focuses on using solar energy for heating biogas digester. In this research we used energy plus building energy simulation software and real weather data for simulation the heating of biogas digester with 8760 hours simulation .The research was carried out in two parts: The first one is one biogas digester above ground without heating. The Second part of this study is a simulation of one biogas digester with solar heating by using a new design based on double plastic cover. It has shown that the use of solar energy can achieve the optimum temperature for biogas production process almost the year time. Using double plastic cover is the most suitable method with economic form for heating biogas digester above ground.

Rapid Construction Technology for Railroad Concrete Infrastructure: Microwave Heat Curing Technology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehoon Koh ◽  
Seonkeun Hwang ◽  
Junghoon Yoo ◽  
Donggeun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Heating System ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Concrete Lining ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Rapid Construction ◽  
Microwave Heat

The cast-in-place concrete lining construction process represents about 25% of the total railroad tunnel construction period. Moreover, the construction period for lining concrete depends on the speed of the curing process of the lining concrete. Therefore, in cold weather when the air temperature in mountain railroad tunnel is consistently 10 degrees or below, equipment for heat insulation of cast-in-place concrete lining, such as a portable fossil fuel heater, must also be prepared to maintain an appropriate curing temperature in the tunnel. It generally takes about 24 to 36 hours to reach the compressive strength (3 to 5MPa) required to remove the lining form. Recently, microwave heat curing technology has been developed as a way of substantially reducing the concrete curing time, to achieve a reduction in the total construction period. The microwave heating system developed in this technology is comprised of a microwave generator, cavity, insulator, and exothermic body (microwave irradiated pyrogen). In this system, microwaves generated from the magnetron are irregularly reflected inside the cavity, and rapidly heat up the exothermic body so that the heat is transferred to the lining form and the concrete in turn, resulting in the accelerated hydration of concrete. Based on the field test data from the construction of the railroad tunnel cast-in-place concrete lining, it is found that this technology is able in 6 to 12 hours to complete the curing of concrete lining sufficiently to remove the form. It is hoped that this approach will substantially reduce the construction period and cost of tunnel lining, even during cold-weather.

scholarly journals Electric Bus Indoor Heat Balance in Cold Weather

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11761
Author(s):  
Gabriel Chiriac ◽  
Dumitru Dorin Lucache ◽  
Costică Nițucă ◽  
Alin Dragomir ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Heat Transfer Theory ◽  
Electric Bus

The use of electric buses is increasing all over the world; this is due to the aim of limiting pollution in heavily urbanized areas. Using electric buses is one element of the desire to drop local pollution to zero emissions. The necessary electricity can be generated through centralized production, and in the case of electric buses, the pollution level is directly proportional to the amount of electricity produced. Their limited onboard power needs optimization, both in terms of traction and in auxiliary energy consumption. Heating in electric buses consumes the most energy from the auxiliaries, which can reduce the range of the vehicle up to a half, or more in the coldest days of the winter months. In this context, a precise estimation of heat loss and of the energy necessary for heating electric buses is crucial. Using the heat transfer theory, the heat balance method, and the U-value estimation, this article estimates the heat loss for a typical 12 m electric bus for a harsh winter day. Thermal simulations were made in order to estimate the heat flux through the structure of the bus (windows, walls, roof, and floor). Heat loss components were calculated in order to determine the most affected zones of the bus. The calculated data for the energy necessary to heat the bus were compared with the heating system data from an electric bus. By optimizing the necessary auxiliary energy consumption, the emissions at the source of electricity production will be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals High-Efficiency HVAC System with Defog/Dehumidification Function for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Tong-Bou Chang ◽  
Jer-Jia Sheu ◽  
Jhong-Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Vehicle Interior

Electric vehicles (EVs) generally use an electric heating system to provide heat. However, the heating system consumes a large amount of energy, and therefore reduces the mileage of the vehicle. The energy consumption can be reduced by replacing the electric heating system with a heat pump air conditioning system. Such systems achieve an effective heating of the vehicle interior, but do not provide a defog or dehumidification function. Consequently, the inside surface of the windshield tends to fog in cold weather; leading to poor driver visibility and an impaired road safety. Accordingly, the present study proposes a novel high-efficiency heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system with both heating and defog/dehumidification functions for electric vehicles. The effectiveness of the proposed system is investigated experimentally using a simulated cabin placed in a temperature and humidity-controlled test chamber. The experimental results confirm that the HVAC system achieves the required cooling, heating and defog/dehumidification functions and meets the corresponding standards. Moreover, the application of HVAC in EVs could lead to significant electrical power saving effect.

Cold Weather Integrity Dig on a Scenic River, Northern Michigan

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay B. Bergman ◽  
Robert J. Schoneberger ◽  
Matthew A. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Cold Weather ◽  
Northern Michigan

Innovative electrotechnological systems to provide the temperature modes of technological pipelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Konesev ◽  
P. A. Khlyupin
Keyword(s):  
Induction Heating ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Heating System ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
Induction Heating System

Introduction: the systems of thermal effects on thermo-dependent, viscous and highly viscous liquids under conditions of the Arctic and the Extreme North are considered. Low efficiency and danger of heating systems based on burned hydrocarbons, heated liquids and steam are shown. Electrothermal heating systems used to maintain thermo-dependent fluids in a fluid state are considered. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of the most common electrothermal system — heating cables (tapes). The most effective electrothermal system based on induction technologies has been determined. Materials and methods: considered methods of thermal exposure to maintain the fluid properties of thermo-dependent fluids at low extreme temperatures. Results: presents an induction heating system and options for its implementation in the Extreme North and the Arctic. Conclusions: induction heating system to minimize loss of product quality, improve the system performance under changing process conditions, eliminate fire product, to reduce the influence of the human factor.

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