Comparison of the Effects of Walking and Weight Training Programs on Body Image in Middle-Aged Women: An Experimental Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
Rosemarie Mortell
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Resistive Training ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Body Cathexis

Purpose. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a resistive training intervention on body image in middle-aged women compared to an exercise walking program. Another purpose was to develop two multivariate models to explain improvement in body image among the lifters and walkers. Design. A pretest-posttest experimental design with random assignment of subjects to two exercise groups was employed. Setting. Subjects trained in their own homes and were tested at the university. Subjects. Participants were 60 women recruited from the local community with an average age of 42.5 ± 4.2 years. Intervention. Subjects were randomly assigned to a resistive training or exercise walking program, both of which were three days per week and 12 weeks in duration. Measures. Body cathexis was assessed using the Body Cathexis Scale; cardiovascular endurance was measured using the one-mile walk test, and muscular strength was assessed using standard weight training procedures. Results. After completion of the exercise interventions, lifters showed greater muscular strength than walkers, and walkers displayed greater cardiorespiratory endurance than lifters, as expected. Lifters also improved significantly more in body image than the walkers. Conclusions. Participation in a three-day-per-week resistive training program seems to improve body image in middle-aged women more than participation in a three-day per week walking program. Further, it appears that hard work and fitness improvements contribute significantly toward positive changes in body image.

Effects of Weight Training on the Emotional Well-Being and Body Image of Females: Predictors of Greatest Benefit

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
Karen Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Weight Trainers ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Body Cathexis

Background. This study was conducted to determine the extent to which participation in a weight training intervention was associated with changes in the emotional well-being and body image of females compared to non-weight trainers. An ancillary objective was to study the extent to which psychological, physical, and demographic factors accounted for changes in emotional well-being and body image. Methods. The experimental group consisted of 60 females, and a comparison group was comprised of 92 females. Experimental subjects participated in a 15-week, two-day-per-week weight training intervention, while subjects in the comparison group did not participate in any weight training activities. Subjects were pre- and posttested on the General Well-Being Schedule and the Body Cathexis Scale. Experimental subjects were also tested in muscular strength and three skinfold measurements. Results. With pretest scores controlled, the weight trainers had significantly higher General Well-Being and Body Cathexis posttest scores than the comparison group. Weight trainers also showed significant increases in muscular strength, and significant decreases in skinfold thickness. Four variables predicted 38.8% of the variance of those who improved most in General Well-Being: lower pretest General Well-Being, lower parental income, greater loss of body weight, and lower posttest skinfold. Five variables predicted 61.5% of the variance of those women who improved most in Body Cathexis: lower pretest Body Cathexis, greater body weight at the outset, shorter in height, less involvement in non-weight training exercise, and lower posttest skinfold. Discussion. Cause-and-effect conclusions are not warranted given the use of intact groups, and the long-term effect of weight training on the emotional well-being of women was not discernible given the 15-week length of this study.

Body-Image and Body-Beautification among Female College Students

1990 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar R. Kelson ◽  
Ann Kearney-Cooke ◽  
Leonard M. Lansky
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Body Consciousness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Body ◽  
Competent Body ◽  
Feminist Identification ◽  
Cultural Pressures ◽  
Body Cathexis

Women's body-image has social and personal implications. Judgments about the body can be based on appearance (public body-consciousness), internal sensations (private body-consciousness) or body-effectiveness (body-competence). The correlates of body-image and beautification were studied in a group of 245 female undergraduates who completed a body-beautification questionnaire, the Body-consciousness Inventory, the Body-cathexis/Self-cathexis Scale, and questions on feminist identification. Significant correlations were found between public body-consciousness and beautification. Body-cathexis was also correlated with body-competence. For feminists, a competent body was correlated with awareness of internal sensations, while nonfeminists connect a competent body with appearance. Results were discussed in relation to the social and cultural pressures for women to focus on appearance.

Internal Structure, Factor Satisfaction, and Reliability of the Body Cathexis Scale

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
College Males ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Body Cathexis

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the internal structure and dimensionality of the Body Cathexis Scale, while secondary problems were to compare the relative satisfaction of each factor and to determine the test-retest reliability of the instrument. The scale was administered on a pretest-posttest basis to a sample of 83 college males. Using a factor analytic strategy with varimax rotation, four independent factors emerged: (1) Health and Physical Fitness, (2) Face and Over-all Appearance, (3) Subordinate and Independent Body Features, and (4) Physique and Muscular Strength. Analysis of the relative satisfaction reported for each axis indicated significant differences among the factors. The items of the first two factors were rated significantly more favorably than the variables of the second two dimensions. Test-retest reliability coefficient was .87, suggesting that the Body Cathexis Scale is stable over time.

Effects of a 12-Week Resistive Training Program in the Home Using the Body Bar on Dynamic and Absolute Strength of Middle-Age Women

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Mortell ◽  
Larry Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Resistive Training ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Absolute Strength

Guidelines published by the American College of Sports Medicine indicate that resistive training should be an integral part of an adult fitness program. Most adults will find it difficult to train resistively regularly unless they train in their own homes using simple, inexpensive equipment. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which participation in a 12-week resistive training program using the Body Bar, a simple, inexpensive resistive training device, in the home improves dynamic and absolute strength of middle-age women compared to similar women engaged in a walking program. A pretest-midtest-posttest design was employed with subjects randomly assigned to either a resistive ( n = 30) or a walking (control) group ( n = 30). All subjects were tested on measures of dynamic and absolute strength. Resistive trainers performed significantly better than the controls across the 12-week training period on all strength variables even with statistical control for potential confounders. Number of workouts performed and average intensity of each workout were both significant predictors of strength improvements among the resistive trainers.

scholarly journals Advertising Challenges in the Ageing Society: The Preferences of the Regular Gym-goers towards Age Portrayals in Advertising

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Alina Duduciuc ◽  
Monica Bîră ◽  
Liora Zyrtec
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Media Research ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Research studies from various disciplines including sociology, psychology, social psychology, marketing, advertising and media research have analyzed the representation of old-aged people in advertising, as well as the consumers’ habits of a targeted population aged 50 and over. Despite the availability of data on inappropriate depiction of seniors in media (including advertising), little research has been done so far to understand which are the seniors’ preferences regarding their portrayal in certain advertising campaigns. The aim of the current study was to explore the preferences of middle-aged adults toward the representation of old age in advertising. Specifically, we tested whether there is a relationship between the preferences of Romanians gym-goers (45-60 years) on age-related advertising and their body image. The results showed that the middle-aged adults prefer models that do not necessary match their age, that is the young older model. Our data also revealed that the choices for age representations in advertising were not associated with respondents’ body image emotions in certain contexts or situations. No significant relationship between body image and preference towards age-related representations in advertising was obtained. Additionally, the analysis of the data also revealed that compared to men, women are more likely to express displeasure with their body weights, and they believe the body image strongly impacts their self-esteem during life.

Self-esteem and Body Image of Turkish Adolescent Girls

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferudun Dorak
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Body Cathexis ◽  
The Relationship

The aim in this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and body image in female adolescents who are athletes or nonathletes. Adolescent girls (N = 477) between the ages of 12 and 14 participated in the research in İzmir, Turkey. The self-esteem survey developed by Coopersmith (1967) and the Body Cathexis Scale developed by Secord and Jourard (1953) were used in the study. The findings obtained show that there is a significantly stronger relationship between self-esteem and body image in the athletic adolescent girls compared with the sedentary girls (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Body Cathexis among Stroke Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Sadanandan ◽  
Fatima D’Silva ◽  
Vishnu Renjith
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Cathexis

Abstract Background Stroke results in functional dependence and poor quality of life. Body cathexis is a measure of one’s perceived body image. Stroke survivors often experience stress, anxiety, and disturbances in body image. Objectives The objective of the study was to explore the body cathexis of stroke survivors. Materials and Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted at two rural community settings of Kozhikode district, Kerala. Using a purposive sampling, 151 stroke survivors were recruited. Results The mean age of the participants was 64.58 years. About 53.6% participants were males and majority of the participants had ischemic stroke (76.2%). About one-third of participants had moderately severe disability. Among the participants, the body cathexis scale (BCS) ranged from 176 to 202. The overall mean (standard deviation) BCS score was 190.09 (5.04). Satisfaction or dissatisfaction toward each body part was analyzed and found that significant areas of dissatisfaction were energy level (98%), wrist (88.1%), elimination (86.1%), fingers (76.2%), and arms (73.5%). The BCS scores compared with the sides of lesion, gender differences, and duration of stroke showed no significant differences in the mean (p>0.05). Conclusions Stroke survivors are found to experience disturbances in body image. Low energy level, poor functioning of upper extremities, and disturbed elimination patterns add primarily to body image disturbances. Body cathexis does not differ with side of lesion, gender differences, and duration of stroke.

scholarly journals Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction of the elderly who practice weight training

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Vicentini de Oliveira ◽  
José Roberto Andrade do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Caio Rosas Moreira ◽  
Sônia Maria Marques Gomes Bertolini ◽  
Alessandra Regina Carnelozzi Prati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Introduction: The body image is a multidimensional construct of the internal and external representations of the corporal structures added to the physical appearance, which can be influenced by aging. The weight training can be an important exercise to help elderly to face all the changes arising from aging, being one of them the dissatisfaction with body image. Objective: This study aims at identifying the factors associated with body image dissatisfaction of the elderly who practice weight training. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study. The sample, chosen by convenience and intentionally, embraced 174 male and female elderly subjects who practice weight training at one of the 15 fitness centers drawn for the research that offered this modality of physical exercise in Maringá city, state of Paraná, Brazil. A questionnaire with sociodemographic and health profile questions was used, as well as the BSQ to assess body dissatisfaction. Data analysis was carried out by using a descriptive inferential statistical approach with the Chi-squared test, Fischer's exact test, and binary logistic regression, adopting a significance when p < 0.05. Results: The majority of the elderly showed no body dissatisfaction (82.2%). There was a significant association among the absence of body dissatisfaction and the following items: retirement (p = 0.031), current study (p = 0.035), self perception of health (p = 0.016), body self perception (p = 0.001), and practice time (p = 0.027). Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the sociodemographic factors are intervenient when considering body dissatisfaction of the elderly people who practice weight training.

BODY IMAGE AND PERSONALITY TRAITS OF MALE-TO-FEMALE TRANSSEXUALS AND HOMOSEXUALS

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bozkurt ◽  
Hasmet Isikli ◽  
Fusun Demir ◽  
K. Nahit Ozmenler ◽  
Zeynep Gulcat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Body Hair ◽  
Body Cathexis ◽  
Male To Female

The aim of this study is to identify the body image and personality traits of male-to-female transsexual and homosexual persons in Turkey: 36 homosexuals and 52 male-to-female transsexuals were evaluated. According to the Body Cathexis Scale (Secord & Jourard, 1953) transsexuals compared with controls are statistically more satisfied with their waist, height, eyes, hips, legs, body posture and weight; dissatisfied with their body hair distribution, shoulder width and genitals. Homosexuals compared with controls are statistically more satisfied in height, sharpness of senses, hips, legs, sexual activity and body posture; dissatisfied in body hair distribution and genitals. It may be interpreted that transsexuals are identified with female body. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1978) revealed that transsexual participants have statistically higher mean neuroticism (N) scores than do controls.

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