scholarly journals Radial percolation reveals that Cancer Stem Cells are trapped in the core of colonies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 130002
Author(s):  
Lucas Barberis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Core ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms

Using geometrical arguments, it is shown that Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) must be confined inside solid tumors under natural conditions. Aided by an agent-based model and percolation theory, the probability of a CSC being positioned at the border of a colony is estimated. This probability is estimated as a function of the CSC self-renewal probabilityps; i.e., the chance that a CSC remains undifferentiated after mitosis. In the most common situations ps is low, and most CSCs produce differentiated cells at a very low rate. Theresults presented here show that CSCs form a small core in the center of a cancer cell colony; they become quiescent due to the lack of space to proliferate, which stabilizestheir population size. This result provides a simple explanation for the CSC niche size, dispensing with the need for quorum sensing or other proposed signaling mechanisms. Italso supports the hypothesis that metastases are likely to start at the very beginning of tumor development.

scholarly journals Proline-Rich Protein 11 Regulates Self-Renewal and Tumorigenicity of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1721-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Hu ◽  
Zongchang Song ◽  
Quanjun Yao ◽  
Xiang Geng ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Lentiviral Vector ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Proline Rich Protein

Background/Aims: Gastric cancer is a highly aggressive tumor containing cancer stem cells (CSCs), which participate in tumor initiation, therapeutic resistance, and tumor relapse. Proline-rich protein 11 (PRR11) has been shown to be up-regulated in human cancers; however, its role in gastric CSCs is unknown. We hypothesize that PRR11 may affect tumorigenicity of gastric CSCs. In this study, we explored the biological function and regulation of PRR11 in gastric CSCs. Methods: Expression of PRR11 was evaluated in gastric CSC cell line by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. The effect of PRR11 on tumorigenicity was examined by interference with gene expression using lentiviral vector-loaded shRNA. A xenograft tumor model using NOD/SCID mice was established to examine the role of PRR11 in tumor development. Results: Data showed that PRR11 was highly expressed in gastric CSCs. PRR11 was responsible for the maintenance of self-renewal and tumorigenicity of gastric CSCs, and overexpression of exogenous PRR11 could restore the self-renewal of gastric non-CSCs. Furthermore, interference with PRR11 altered the expression of stemness transcription factors. Interestingly, MAPK signaling controlled PRR11 expression by increasing PRR11 protein stability, and maintained gastric CSCs self-renewal in a PRR11 dependent manner. Conclusions: PRR11 regulated self-renewal and tumorigenicity of gastric CSCs through MAPK signaling, and could be used as a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.

Integrin α6 (CD49f), The Microenvironment and Cancer Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele D. Bigoni-Ordóñez ◽  
Daniel Czarnowski ◽  
Tyler Parsons ◽  
Gerard J. Madlambayan ◽  
Luis G. Villa-Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Terminal Disease

Cancer is a highly prevalent and potentially terminal disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Here, we review the literature exploring the intricacies of stem cells bearing tumorigenic characteristics and collect evidence demonstrating the importance of integrin α6 (ITGA6, also known as CD49f) in cancer stem cell (CSC) activity. ITGA6 is commonly used to identify CSC populations in various tissues and plays an important role sustaining the self-renewal of CSCs by interconnecting them with the tumorigenic microenvironment.

Cancer stemness as a target for immunotherapy is shaped by pro-inflammatory stress.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nese Unver
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Cancer Stemness ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Factors Affecting

: Cancer stem cells represent a rare subpopulation of cancer cells carrying self-renewal and differentiation features in the multi-step tumorigenesis, tumor recurrence and metastasis. Pro-inflammatory stress is highly associated with cancer stemness via induction of cytokines, tumor-promoting immune cells and cancer stemness-related signaling pathways. This review summarizes the major pro-inflammatory factors affecting cancer stem cell characteristics and the critical immunotherapeutic strategies to eliminate cancer stem cells.

scholarly journals Targeting the Roots of Recurrence: New Strategies for Eliminating Therapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Dahn ◽  
Paola Marcato
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
New Strategies

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are functionally defined in our laboratories by their impressive tumor-generating and self-renewal capacity; clinically, CSCs are of interest because of their enhanced capacity to evade conventional therapies [...]

scholarly journals Autophagy augments the self-renewal of lung cancer stem cells by the degradation of ubiquitinated p53

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyu Wang ◽  
Doudou Liu ◽  
Zhiwei Sun ◽  
Ting Ye ◽  
Jingyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Activity ◽  
Lung Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
First Time

AbstractIt has been postulated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in all aspects of human cancer, although the mechanisms governing the regulation of CSC self-renewal in the cancer state remain poorly defined. In the literature, both the pro- and anti-oncogenic activities of autophagy have been demonstrated and are context-dependent. Mounting evidence has shown augmentation of CSC stemness by autophagy, yet mechanistic characterization and understanding are lacking. In the present study, by generating stable human lung CSC cell lines with the wild-type TP53 (A549), as well as cell lines in which TP53 was deleted (H1229), we show, for the first time, that autophagy augments the stemness of lung CSCs by degrading ubiquitinated p53. Furthermore, Zeb1 is required for TP53 regulation of CSC self-renewal. Moreover, TCGA data mining and analysis show that Atg5 and Zeb1 are poor prognostic markers of lung cancer. In summary, this study has elucidated a new CSC-based mechanism underlying the oncogenic activity of autophagy and the tumor suppressor activity of p53 in cancer, i.e., CSCs can exploit the autophagy-p53-Zeb1 axis for self-renewal, oncogenesis, and progression.

scholarly journals Let-7c blocks estrogen-activated Wnt signaling in induction of self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Sun ◽  
C Xu ◽  
S-C Tang ◽  
J Wang ◽  
H Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Breast Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal

Natural products targeting cancer stem cells: a revisit

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahua Cui ◽  
Jiajun Qian ◽  
Larry Ming-Cheung Chow ◽  
Jinping Jia
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Enhanced Expression

Background: The proposed central role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor development has been extended to explain the diverse oncologic phenomena such as multidrug resistance, metastasis and tumor recurrence in clinics. Due to the enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters and anti-apoptotic factors, stagnation on G0 phase and the strong ability of self-renewal, the CSCs were highly resistant to clinical anticancer drugs. Therefore, the discovery of new drug candidates that could effectively eradicate cancer stem cells afforded promising outcomes in cancer therapy. Introduction: Natural products and their synthetic analogues are a rich source of biologically active compounds and several of them have already been recognized as potent CSCs killers. We aim to provide a collection of recently identified natural products that suppressed the survival of the small invasive CSC populations and combated the drug resistance of these cells in chemotherapy. Results and Conclusion: These anti-CSCs natural products included flavonoids, stilbenes, quinones, terpenoids, polyketide antibiotics, steroids and alkaloids. In the present review, we highlighted the therapeutic potential of natural products and their derivatives against the proliferation and drug resistance of CSCs, their working mechanisms and related structure-activity relationships. Meanwhile, in this survey, several natural products with diverse cellular targets such as the naphthoquinone shikonin and the stilbene resveratrol were characterized as promising lead compounds for future development.

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