Antibacterial and Toxicity Activities of Indonesian Herbal Medicine Extracts Used for Postpartum Treatment

Postpartum treatments have been used by local women in Indonesia for some time now. One commonly used postpartum treatment is the consumption of a traditional herbal medicine called PHM-1 during the first 40 days after childbirth. In addition, a second medicine known as PHM-2 is taken for days 41-80. However, sufficient scientific evidence about the benefits of this postpartum herbal medicine does not exist. In this study, the antibacterial abilities of PHM-1 and PHM-2 therefore was evaluated and showed positive potential for both. Low IC50 values were obtained against pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Ralstonia pickettii, and Staphylococcus epidermidis and compared with chloramphenicol as a positive control. The antibacterial activity of both PHM-1 and PHM-2 against R. pickettii had the highest inhibitory activity as evidenced by the lowest IC50 values of 11.16 and 6.26 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, an in vivo acute toxicity test showed that PHM-1 produced a low LD50 value of 3.28 g/kg BW for both of male and female mice. These results support the use of both PHM-1 and PHM-2 as antibacterial treatments for postpartum women.

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Effects of keishi-ka-jutsubu-to (traditional herbal medicine: Gui-zhi-jia-shu-fu-tang) on in vivo insulin action in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Life Sciences ◽

10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00640-4 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 73 (21) ◽

pp. 2687-2701 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Bolin Qin ◽

Masaru Nagasaki ◽

Ming Ren ◽

Gustavo Bajotto ◽

Yoshiharu Oshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Traditional Herbal Medicine

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Two Novel Quassinoid Glycosides with Antiviral Activity from the Samara of Ailanthus altissima

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235679 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5679

Author(s):

Qing-Wei Tan ◽

Jian-Cheng Ni ◽

Jian-Ting Shi ◽

Jian-Xuan Zhu ◽

Qi-Jian Chen

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Herbal Medicine ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Virus Multiplication ◽

Ailanthus Altissima ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽

Virus Activity ◽

Ic50 Values

Phytochemistry investigations on Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, a Simaroubaceae plant that is recognized as a traditional herbal medicine, have afforded various natural products, among which C20 quassinoid is the most attractive for their significant and diverse pharmacological and biological activities. Our continuous study has led to the isolation of two novel quassinoid glycosides, named chuglycosides J and K, together with fourteen known lignans from the samara of A. altissima. The new structures were elucidated based on comprehensive spectra data analysis. All of the compounds were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity, among which chuglycosides J and K exhibited inhibitory effects against the virus multiplication with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 56.21 ± 1.86 and 137.74 ± 3.57 μM, respectively.

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Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Properties of Seeds of Cucurbitaceae Family from Western Nepal

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences ◽

10.37107/jhas.118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Atisammodavardhana Kaundinnyayana ◽

Anita G.C ◽

Asmita Banstola ◽

Kishwor Poudel ◽

Nirmal Acharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Lagenaria Siceraria ◽

Benincasa Hispida ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by the defect in insulin secretion or insulin action or both. The association between diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress is well established. Cucurbitaceae is the largest family containing 120 genera mostly grown for its sweet and juicy fruit in warm climates all over the world. In the present work ethanolic extracts of the seeds of Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn (Chichinno), Lagenaria siceraria (Lauka), Cucurbita pepo (Pharsi), Luffa aegiptiaca (Ghiraula), and Benincasa hispida (Kubindo) collected from Western Nepal has been evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo hypoglycemic effects. Methods: In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by using DPPH free radical scavenging activities and their IC50 values were calculated. In vivo hypoglycemic effect was examined on normoglycemic rats. The clinical significance of ethanolic extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight was investigated in 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes of oral administration. Metformin treated group was used as the positive control. Results: For DPPH radical scavenging action, the IC50 values of Trichosanthes cucumerina, Luffa aegiptiaca, Benincasa hispida, Cucurbita pepo, Lagenaria siceraria were found to be 60.72, 127.73, 49.63, 98.16 and 52.46 µg/ml respectively which were compared to the IC50 value of ascorbic acid (Positive control) which was found to be 38.11 µg/ml. The extracts of Benincasa hispida, and were having higher antioxidant activity and tested for in vivo hypoglycemic activity.In vivo administration of two doses of ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria reduced the level of blood glucose while the best result was obtained at 250 mg/kg. Conclusions: Present study revealed promising antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria. The further exploration of Lagenaria siceraria for its effective use in the traditional medicinal system is essential.

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The Optimization Method for Synthesis of 99mTc-Rutin as Potential Radiotracer in The Development of Cancer Drugs From Flavonoid

Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention ◽

10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev10iss2pp80-87 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Eva Maria Widyasari ◽

Esty Kusumawardhany ◽

Rizky Juwita Sugiharti ◽

Maula Eka Sriyani ◽

Muharam Marzuki

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Radiochemical Yield ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Biological Information ◽

Cancer Drugs ◽

Traditional Herbal Medicine

Based on the Basic Health Research Data of Ministry of Health's of Indonesia in 2013, mortality rates from malignant and tumor malignancies in Indonesia are still high with prevalence of cancer is about 1.4%. Chemotherapy is still the primary choice in cancer modality that uses chemotherapeutic drugs to eradicate and inhibit the growth of cancer cells; however the cost this treatment is extremely high. Therefore, patient tends to seek alternative treatment such as consuming traditional herbal medicine for cancer treatment. Rutin is one of the attractive phytochemicals flavonoids because of its antioxidant activities. However, as traditional herbal medicine, its effectiveness is not yet been fully established due to the lack of scientific information. A radiotracer can be defined as a specific radiolabeled molecule that monitors the in vivo behaviour of a functional molecule, and can be used to provide biological information in a living system. Hence, to provide pharmacological information of rutin for cancer treatment, we synthesized radiolabeled flavonoid 99mTc-rutin as radiotracer. The aim of the present study is to develop 99mTc-rutin under varying conditions of rutin quantity, reducing agent concentration and incubation time. Labeling studies were performed by changing the selected parameters one by one and optimum labeling conditions were determined. After observing the conditions for maximum labeling efficiency, 99mTc-rutin was obtained with preparation of 700 μg of rutin with addition of 20 μg of SnCl2.2H2O as reductor and 1-3 mCi 99mTcO4- without any incubation. Radiochemical yield of 99mTc-rutin was determined with radio thin layer chromatography which was found 99.28 ± 0.14% and stable up to 4 hour. From the result of this study, the successfully labeled 99mTc-rutin can be used as a reference for following preclinical study. Furthermore radiolabeled 99mTc-rutin is expected as tools in research and development of rutin as cancer drugs from natural product to obtain detailed information its efficacy.Keywords: radiotracer, 99mTc-rutin, cancer, labeled compounds

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2. Anti-Bacterial Activity Of N-Hexane Extract Of Malacca Leave (Phyllanthus emblica) On Mice (Mus musculus) Inoculated By Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vivo

Jurnal Medika Veterinaria ◽

10.21157/j.med.vet..v15i1.19840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nada Sarah Syahputri ◽

Nuzul Asmilia ◽

Rinidar Rinidar ◽

Amalia Sutriana ◽

Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Phyllanthus Emblica ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Treatment Data ◽

The Mean

Malacca plant (Phyllanthus emblica) is one of the medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of n-hexane extract of Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) leaves on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vivo. All mice were first induced by Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Negative control (K1) was given aquadest, positive control (K2) was given ciproflaxacin suspension at doses of 20 mg/kg BW, while K3, K4, and K5 were given n-hexane extract of Malacca leave at dose of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 300 mg/kg BW. Respectively blood sampling was carried out on the 5th day after treatment. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the mean (± SD) number of bacterial colonies in K1 was 656x10² cfu/ml. The average number of bacterial colonies in K2 was 2328x10² cfu/ml. The average number of bacterial colonies given n-hexane extract of malacca leave 100 mg/kg BW on K3 was 359,60x10² cfu/ml. The average number of bacterial colonies given n-hexane extract of malacca leave 200 mg/kg BW at K4 was 200x10² cfu/ml and the average number of bacterial colonies given n-hexane extract of malacca leave 300 mg/kg BW at K5 was 3483x10² cfu/ml. The results showed there were no significant difference among treatment groups (P 0.05). N-hexane extract of malacca leave was unable to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vivo

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Active Components from Traditional Herbal Medicine for the Potential Therapeutics of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systemic Review

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x2150052x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Ebuka-Olisaemeka Nwafor ◽

Peng Lu ◽

Yiting Liu ◽

Hui Peng ◽

Huan Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Analytical Data ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Active Components ◽

Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽

Potential Therapeutics

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a tumor-like disease, is a serious and fatal pulmonary inflammatory condition usually characterized by irreversible destruction of the lung parenchyma, excessive matrix accumulation, and decline in lung function. IPF still remains a great burden to the universe. At the moment, the available therapeutic regimens utilized for IPF such as non-pharmacological therapies (lung transplantation) and pharmacological therapies (drugs, nintedanib, pirfenidone, etc.) are normally accompanied by significant limitations, such as adverse reactions, low bioavailability, poor selectivity, low-tissue distribution, in vivo instability, systemic toxicity, inconveniency and unsafe usage. There is a need for the exploration and discovery of new novel remedies by researchers and scientists globally. Recent numerous preliminary studies have laid significant emphasis and demonstrated the antifibrotic importance, good curative actions (little or no adverse reactions), and multiple target sites of the active components from traditional herbal medicine (THM) against IPF, which could serve as a modern, alternative and potential therapeutics or drug candidates in treating IPF. This paper extensively summarizes the pharmacological actions and signaling pathways or mechanisms of active components obtained from THM for treating IPF. Moreover, the sources and modernization, markets, relevant FDA and CFDA studies (the USA and China), preclinical analysis, and various compositions of THM currently under clinical trials are also highlighted. Additionally, this present analytical data would be instrumental towards further drug progression or advancement of active components from THM for the potential therapeutics of IPF in the future.

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Evaluation of in vivo anti-malarial potential of omidun obtained from fermented maize in Ibadan, Nigeria

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-020-03486-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Favour O. Omeiza ◽

George O. Ademowo ◽

Funmilola A. Ayeni

Keyword(s):

Scientific Evidence ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Malaria Therapy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Final Group ◽

Ibadan Nigeria

Abstract Background The menace of resistance to anti-malarial drugs is a great challenge to malaria control, necessitating the search for new anti-malarial agents. This search has led to the exploration of natural products for efficacy in malaria therapy. Omidun is the supernatant of fermenting maize (ogi) slurry that has been widely investigated and reported to possess several health benefits and it is used traditionally as solvent for preparing anti-malarial herbs. However, there is no information on the anti-malarial activity of omidun itself. This study was conducted to investigate the prophylactic, curative and suppressive anti-malarial potential of omidun. Methods Experimental mice in the curative group were infected with 1 × 106 cells of Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA and treated with either 0.2 ml of omidun containing 3 × 109 cfu/ml of viable lactic acid bacteria or 0.2 ml of 5 mg/kg of chloroquine (positive control) or 0.2 ml of saline (negative control) for 4 days from day 3 post infection. The prophylactic group of mice were pre-treated with either omidun, chloroquine or saline for 4 days before infection with P. berghei, while the suppressive group was treated with omidun or chloroquine or saline and infected with P. berghei simultaneously. A group of mice were uninfected but treated (with omidun and control samples), while a final group was uninfected and untreated (controls). Parasitaemia and histopathology analysis were done in all groups. Results The curative and suppressive groups showed a significant difference between the omidun-treated mice (100% parasitaemia reduction) and the untreated mice (54.5% parasitaemia increase). There was no significance difference between the omidun treatment and chloroquine (positive control) treatment in suppressive group as both treatment had 100% parasitaemia reduction. The omidun prophylactic treatment however did not show any parasitaemia suppression, but a significant difference was observed between the omidun treatment (85% increase) and the chloroquine (positive control) treatment (100% reduction) in the group. Omidun treatment is non-toxic to the kidney. Conclusion This study provides scientific evidence supporting omidun usage in the treatment of malaria. Consequently, further work may yield the specific component of omidun responsible for the anti-malarial activity.

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Paljung-San, a traditional herbal medicine, attenuates benign prostatic hyperplasia in vitro and in vivo

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 218 ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eunsook Park ◽

Mee-Young Lee ◽

Woo-Young Jeon ◽

Chang-Seob Seo ◽

Sooseong You ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Herbal Medicine ◽

Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Traditional Herbal Medicine

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EVALUATION OF ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF SIDDHA ANTI-PSORIATIC FORMULATION PANCHAMUGA CHENDHURAM USING CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTE CELL LINES

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i6.32594 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 280-283

Author(s):

RAJALAKSHMI S ◽

RAMYA VT ◽

SAMRAJ K

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Antiproliferative Activity ◽

Hacat Cell ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Positive Control ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Human Keratinocyte ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Hacat Cell Lines

Objectives: This study was aimed at scientifically evaluating the in vitro antipsoriatic activity of Siddha drug Panchamuga Chendhuram (PMC) in human keratinocyte (HacaT) cell lines. Methods: The Siddha drug PMC tested for antipsoriatic activity on HacaT cell lines was morphologically examined by phase contrast microscopy, and the cell viability was determined by 3- (4, 5 dimethyl thiazole-2 yl) -2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. About 100 μl of different concentrations (2, 6, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 μg/ml) of the test samples were prepared in the cell culture medium and incubated for 24 h and 48 h to determine the viable cells. Results: The results revealed that Siddha drug PMC showed hopeful antiproliferative activity. In vitro studies showed that after 24 h and 48 h incubation, the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of PMC (IC50 20 μg/ml) were 72.08±27.56 μg/ml and 43.91±17.71 μg/ml, respectively, as compared with Asiaticoside as a positive control with an IC50 value of 20.13 μg/ml. Conclusion: Thus, this study provides scientific evidence about the efficacy of the Siddha drug PMC against the HacaT cell lines confirming its traditional use in psoriasis treatment and also emphasizes the need for antipsoriatic evaluation in animal models.

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Bioguided Isolation of Cyclopenin Analogues as Potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitors from Penicillium citrinum TDPEF34

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11091366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1366

Author(s):

Bathini Thissera ◽

Ahmed M. Sayed ◽

Marwa H. A. Hassan ◽

Sayed F. Abdelwahab ◽

Ngozi Amaeze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrophobic Interactions ◽

Structural Information ◽

Positive Control ◽

Penicillium Citrinum ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Enzyme Active Site ◽

Drug Candidates ◽

Ic50 Values

SARS-CoV-2 virus mutations might increase its virulence, and thus the severity and duration of the ongoing pandemic. Global drug discovery campaigns have successfully developed several vaccines to reduce the number of infections by the virus. However, finding a small molecule pharmaceutical that is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 remains a challenge. Natural products are the origin of many currently used pharmaceuticals and, for this reason, a library of in-house fungal extracts were screened to assess their potential to inhibit the main viral protease Mpro in vitro. The extract of Penicillium citrinum, TDPEF34, showed potential inhibition and was further analysed to identify potential Mpro inhibitors. Following bio-guided isolation, a series of benzodiazepine alkaloids cyclopenins with good-to-moderate activity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro were identified. The mode of enzyme inhibition of these compounds was predicted by docking and molecular dynamic simulation. Compounds 1 (isolated as two conformers of S- and R-isomers), 2, and 4 were found to have promising in vitro inhibitory activity towards Mpro, with an IC50 values range of 0.36–0.89 µM comparable to the positive control GC376. The in silico investigation revealed compounds to achieve stable binding with the enzyme active site through multiple H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, the isolated compounds showed very good drug-likeness and ADMET properties. Our findings could be utilized in further in vitro and in vivo investigations to produce anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates. These findings also provide critical structural information that could be used in the future for designing potent Mpro inhibitors.

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