NASAL CARRIAGE OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN WITHOUT IDENTIFIABLE RISK FACTORS IN NORTHERN TAIWAN

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yhu-Chering Huang ◽  
Lin-Hui Su ◽  
Chih-Jung Chen ◽  
Tzou-Yien Lin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
School Children ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Northern Taiwan

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan: prevalence, molecular characteristics and associated factors with nasal carriage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Yu Hsu ◽  
David Wu ◽  
Chien-Ching Hung ◽  
Shie-Shian Huang ◽  
Fang-Hsueh Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
Northern Taiwan

Abstract Objective To evaluate nasal carriage, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the risk factors of MRSA colonization, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in northern Taiwan. Methods From September 2014 to November 2015, HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care at four hospitals were eligible for this study. A nasal specimen was obtained from each subject for the detection of S. aureus and a questionnaire was completed by each subject. MRSA isolates once identified were characterized. Results Of 553 patients surveyed, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was detected in 119 subjects (21.5%) and MRSA in 19 subjects (3.4%). Female gender, injection drug use, smoking, hepatitis C virus carrier, cancer and antibiotic use within one year were positively associated with MRSA colonization. By multivariate analysis, only cancer (adjust odds ratio (aOR) 7.78, [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.909-31.731]) and antibiotic use within one year (aOR 3.89, [95% CI, 1.219-12.433]) were significantly associated with MRSA colonization. Ten isolates were characterized as sequence type (ST) 59/staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC) IV or V T , endemic community strains in Taiwan, four isolates as ST 8/SCC mec IV (USA 300) and one isolate as ST 239/SCC mec IIIA, a hospital strain. All the community-associated MRSA isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Conclusions Nasal MRSA carriage in HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care was low (3.4%) in northern Taiwan. Most of the colonizing isolates were genetically endemic community strains and exhibited high susceptibility to TMP-SMX and fluoroqinolones. Cancer and antibiotic use within one year were associated with MRSA colonization.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students of a private institution in Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
T.A. Ajani ◽  
C.J. Elikwu ◽  
V. Nwadike ◽  
T. Babatunde ◽  
C.G. Anaedobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background: Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major factor for its transmission especially from the health workers and medical students to their patients. There are a number of published data on the prevalence of MRSA among health workers but data on nasal colonization of medical students by MRSA are sparse in Nigeria. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA among medical students of the Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, and identify risk factors associated with this nasal carriage. Methodology: A case control study involving 100 clinical (study group) and 100 pre- clinical (control group) medical students was undertaken between March 2018 and October 2019. Structured questionnaire was administered to obtain socio-demographic information and potential risk factors. Nasal swab was collected from each student and cultured for isolation of S. aureus by standard microbiology techniques. Phenotypic MRSA was detected by the cefoxitin 30μg disk diffusion method according to the guideline of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The mecA gene was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among the study group was 14% (14/100) while the prevalence among the control group was 6% (6/100) (p=0.097). The prevalence of phenotypic MRSA among the study group was 4% (4/100) and 1% (1/100) among the control group (p=0.3687) while mecA gene was detected in 3 of the 4 (75%) phenotypic MRSA positive study participants and in the only (100%) phenotypic MRSA positive (1%) control group. Antibiotics usage without prescription, antibiotic treatment of common cold, and use of antibiotics in the previous one year, were significantly associated with MRSA carriage among the study group. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA among clinical and pre-clinical medical students was not statistically significant, the risk factors identified with carriage of MRSA among the study group indicates the need for antimicrobial stewardship program to reduce carriage and transmission of MRSA by medical students. Keywords: methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus, mecA gene, nasal carriage, medical students

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Positive Nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage among Orthopedic Patients in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Woo Choi ◽  
Jae Chul Lee ◽  
Jahyung Kim ◽  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
Min Jung Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes purulent skin and soft tissue infections as well as other life-threatening diseases. Recent guidelines recommend screening for MRSA at the time of admission. However, few studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for MRSA colonization. A prospective data collection and retrospective analysis was performed. MRSA screening tests were performed using nasal swabs in patients enrolled between January 2017 and July 2018. Demographic data, socio-economic data, medical comorbidities, and other risk factors for MRSA carriage were evaluated among 1577 patients enrolled in the study. The prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was 7.2%. Univariate regression analysis showed that colonization with MRSA at the time of hospital admission was significantly related to patient age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, trauma, recent antibiotic use, and route of hospital admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis for the risk factors for positive MRSA nasal carriage showed that being under- or overweight, trauma diagnosis, antibiotic use one month prior to admission, and admission through an emergency department were related to MRSA colonization. This study highlights the importance of a preoperative screening test for patients scheduled to undergo surgery involving implant insertion, particularly those at risk for MRSA.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in community-based drug users in Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jialing Lin ◽  
Junli Zhou ◽  
Zhigang Han ◽  
Zhenjiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remained the predominant cause of infections in drug users. The cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate the prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus and MRSA carriage among community-based drug users. Methods: Eligible drug users were asked to complete questionnaires and collect nasal swabs during May and December 2017 in Guangzhou, China. Swabs were processed for identification of S. aureus and MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect phenotypic and molecular characteristics for identified isolates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for S. aureus and MRSA carriage. Results: Overall, the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA carriage in 353 drug users were 15.01% and 6.79%, respectively. Cohabitation was a risk factor for S. aureus (adjusted OR=8.80, 95% CI: 1.89-40.99) and MRSA (adjusted OR=14.30, 95% CI: 2.67-76.46) carriage. The proportions of multidrug resistance were respectively 72.41% and 89.47% for S. aureus and MRSA isolates and were simultaneously resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. The results of clonal complexes and sequence types for S. aureus and MRSA isolates were diverse. The proportions of virulence genes were high for MRSA isolates. Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was lower while the prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was moderate. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolates revealed serious antibiotic resistance, indicating the cross-circulation of MRSA isolates, and imply high opportunity of virulence-related diseases. Decolonization might be considered for drug users with MRSA carriage, especially for those with risk factors.

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