scholarly journals Constraints in the practice of theatre for development in Nigerian tertiary institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 236-256
Author(s):  
Jimmy Unekwu Akoh
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Community Change ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Contemporary Theatre ◽  
Theatre For Development ◽  
Self Reliance

This paper investigates the constraints of contemporary Theatre for Development (TfD) in Nigeria tertiary institutions. It kick-starts with a discussion on how TfD in Nigeria adapted the South America and other African countries experiences of using drama to mobilize and conscientize people for development and self reliance. However, TfD from the academia is faced with myriads of challenges. This varies from preliminary concerns, to workshops and post-TfD engagements for possible consolidation. It takes a critical look at some of the constraints; identifying their causes and their impacts on the effective practice of TfD as action research. This study has explored, through qualitative processes, the procedures of TfD in Nigeria tertiary institutions and its coordinated effort to catalyze change in target communities. The study interrogated whether the methodologies have caused reasonable individual and community change in behavior to substantially cause development. While it acknowledges that, theatre has always responded to the environment in several ways, the paper proceeds from the evidence of a near absence of follow-up mechanism of TfD practices from the academia. It admits that although there have been efforts by a few scholars to locate the hiatus, there is still a wide critical chasm in planning, monitoring and evaluation of projects. Thepaper then posits that TfD projects from the academia tends to negate the principles of democracy and that the methodology being used inhibit the creative impulse of the practitioners. It proffers the means through which these constraints could be tackled for TfD in Nigeria tertiary institutions to thrive. Anchored on the ‘trans-theoretical model of change theory’ by Prochaska & DiClemente (1983), this paper concludes that TfD practitioners should commit more time to projects and let the methodology be more change-oriented to meet the yearning and aspirations of the targeted communities. Keywords: Development agencies, CBOs, Theatre workers, TfD, Nigerian tertiary institutions

Pengembangan Keswadayaan Kelompok PEW sebagai Strategi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Berbasis Kewilayahan di Kota Yogyakarta

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Yuli Kurniyati ◽  
Bening Hadilinatih
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Develop Model ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Stakeholder Model ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The City ◽  
Group Self

<p>Areas Based Economic Empowerment Program (Program Ekonomi Berbasis Kewilayahan/PEW) is a program designed to focus on the learning process and empowercommunities through local economic institutions to shore up the economy of thecommunity itself. This study aims to: 1). Knowing the PEW Group self-reliance inorganizing services to members in order to regionally based economic empowerment.2). Identifying the factors management, member participation and partnership thathinder or support the PEW Group self-reliance and self-reliance opportunities for effortsto develop a support group for regionally based economic empowerment, 3). Formula tepolicy recommendations for the city authorities to develop and implement a model ofselfreliance development PEW group as a regionally based economic empowerment strategy in the city of Yogyakarta. This research is qualitative research, the research took place in the townYogyakarta. The collecting data techniques used were: study documentation, participant, observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussion (FGD). In the first studywere: 1). Evaluating Performance PEW Group 2). Identify factors inhibiting andsupporting self-sufficiency Group 3). Self-Supporting analyze PEW Group 4). Early formulation compile policy recommendations group. The research development model of self-reliance. Year II study is 1). Self-Supporting Group to develop a model based onthe results of Phase I study 2). Validation conduct joint FGD Stakeholder Model through3). Develop Model Self-Supporting Implementation Handbook. Results showed that the level of self-reliance menilitian PEW group is still low. This isreflected in the level of independence that is still low, both in terms of independence inthe administration, self-reliance and independence in the management of the assets. PEW group of selfsufficiency level is still low, due to several factors, namely: (1) Capacity Board PEW Group is still low (2) The lack of participation of members of the Group, and (3) lack of stakeholder support. Another factor that still require serious treatment that can increase self-reliance PEW Group is a factor Assistance Group Implementation and Monitoring and Evaluation during implementation is still lacking.</p>

Stochastic and Deterministic Petri Networks Model for Joint Management Model for Spare Parts and Maintenance: Simulation Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumaima Bounou ◽  
Abdellah El Barkany ◽  
Ahmed El Biyaali
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Graphical Interface ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Joint Management ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

Maintenance management is an orderly procedure to address the planning, organization, monitoring and evaluation of maintenance activities and associated costs. The maintenance management allows to have an efficient tool either to the management of the preventive or curative activity, an optimization of the production tool, and finally a follow-up of the costs and the performances. A good maintenance management system can help prevent problems and damages to the operating and storage environment, extend the life of assets, and reduce operating costs.In this paper, we will first present our model on the joint management of spare parts and maintenance. We will do a simulation study of our model, presented in the first section of this paper. The results of this study are presented in the second section through the presentation of the influence of certain parameters of the model on the operation of the system under consideration. This study carried out on the graphical interface of Matlab, which is one of the performance evaluation techniques. It allows to visualize the variations and anomalies which can be reached in the system considered as an overcoming of the repair of the machines by the unforeseen breakdowns.

Data science skills: Building partnership for efficient school curriculum delivery in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Nureni Olawale Adeboye ◽  
Peter Osuolale Popoola ◽  
Oluwatobi Nurudeen Ogunnusi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Open Data ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Data Description ◽  
Curriculum Delivery

Data science is a concept to unify statistics, data analysis, machine learning and their related methods in order to analyze actual phenomena with data to provide better understanding. This article focused its investigation on acquisition of data science skills in building partnership for efficient school curriculum delivery in Africa, especially in the area of teaching statistics courses at the beginners’ level in tertiary institutions. Illustrations were made using Big data of selected 18 African countries sourced from United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with special focus on some macro-economic variables that drives economic policy. Data description techniques were adopted in the analysis of the sourced open data with the aid of R analytics software for data science, as improvement on the traditional methods of data description for learning and thus open a new charter of education curriculum delivery in African schools. Though, the collaboration is not without its own challenges, its prospects in creating self-driven learning culture among students of tertiary institutions has greatly enhanced the quality of teaching, advancing students skills in machine learning, improved understanding of the role of data in global perspective and being able to critique claims based on data.

scholarly journals Smartphone-Enhanced Training, QA, Monitoring, and Evaluation of a Platform for Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges to Implementation in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
pp. 1114-1123
Author(s):  
Karen Yeates ◽  
Erica Erwin ◽  
Zac Mtema ◽  
Frank Magoti ◽  
Simoni Nkumbugwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Supportive Supervision ◽  
Health Providers

PURPOSE Until human papillomavirus (HPV)–based cervical screening is more affordable and widely available, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is recommended by the WHO for screening in lower-resource settings. Visual inspection will still be required to assess the cervix for women whose screening is positive for high-risk HPV. However, the quality of VIA can vary widely, and it is difficult to maintain a well-trained cadre of providers. We developed a smartphone-enhanced VIA platform (SEVIA) for real-time secure sharing of cervical images for remote supportive supervision, data monitoring, and evaluation. METHODS We assessed programmatic outcomes so that findings could be translated into routine care in the Tanzania National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program. We compared VIA positivity rates (for HIV-positive and HIV-negative women) before and after implementation. We collected demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and loss-to-follow-up data. RESULTS From July 2016 to June 2017, 10,545 women were screened using SEVIA at 24 health facilities across 5 regions of Tanzania. In the first 6 months of implementation, screening quality increased significantly from the baseline rate in the prior year, with a well-trained cadre of more than 50 health providers who “graduated” from the supportive-supervision training model. However, losses to follow-up for women referred for further evaluation or to a higher level of care were considerable. CONCLUSION The SEVIA platform is a feasible, quality improvement, mobile health intervention that can be integrated into a national cervical screening program. Our model demonstrates potential for scalability. As HPV screening becomes more affordable, the platform can be used for visual assessment of the cervix to determine amenability for same-day ablative therapy and/or as a secondary triage step, if needed.

ENHANCEMENT OF YOUTH INVOLVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ADVISORY SERVICES THROUGH CAPACITY BUILDING: A SOLUTION TO UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Extension System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sub Saharan

The unemployment rate in Nigeria and other Sub Saharan African countries keep surging year after year despite the need for human resources in several sectors. Nigeria records a large number of young graduates from tertiary institutions most of whom find it difficult to get white collar jobs. Despite this ongoing, human resource which is needed for economic development remains under exploited. Young people have a sense of responsibility which makes it easy for them to take up opportunities that will lead to individual and societal development. Unemployed youths who have interest in agriculture and the extension system can be recruited into this sector to achieve sustainable agricultural and rural development in these areas. Capacity development is essential in this scenario to absorb these group of people into the agricultural sector, thus, reducing employment rate. Unqualified young persons can carry out the functions or duties of agricultural extension advisory services if their technical and knowledge skills in line with the subject matter is developed.

scholarly journals Potential Private Sector Involvement in Supporting Refugee Livelihoods and Self-reliance in Uganda: Annotated Bibliography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Louise Strachan
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Project Impact ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Development Programming ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Private Sector Involvement

There is some evidence of the private sector playing a role in supporting refugee livelihoods and self-reliance in Uganda during the period 2016-2020. However, a number of evaluations and research reports highlight the potential for greater private sector involvement, if existing constraints are addressed. Key lessons identified in the literature include the need for more research, especially on market potential, to address the existing knowledge gaps on the role the private sector can play in supporting refugee livelihoods and self-reliance in Uganda. The literature notes that limited access to capital, as well as appropriate financing schemes, are key constraints to the growth of the agribusiness sector. Furthermore, access to natural resources required for agri-business, such as land and water needs to receive more attention from NGOs and donors. The evidence also shows that there is a need for guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of humanitarian adaptations of market systems development programming. The literature also notes that local actors should be involved in the design and assessment of investment opportunities and risk of interventions to increase project impact.

scholarly journals Proposal for an intelligent digital teacher’s textbook solution adapted to the Bachelor-Master-Doctorate system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Hermann Semevo Boko ◽  
Bessan Melckior Degboe ◽  
Samuel Ouya ◽  
Gervais Mendy
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Digital Textbook ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Teaching Content ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Set Up ◽  
E Mail

This paper proposes an intelligent solution for course monitoring based on the use of a digital textbook coupled with an algorithm for verifying the conformity of the teaching content. The proposed solution allows to follow in real time the evolution of the courses and to alert the pedagogical managers in case of non-compliance with the syllabus. In most sub-Saharan African countries engaged in the Bachelor-Master-Doctorate (BMD) reform, incessant strikes prevent teachers from completing the program. Also, there is no way for the teacher to know whether students have the necessary prerequisites. In addition, constraints related to agendas sometimes prevent the holding of pedagogical animation meetings. To solve these problems, we propose the implementation of an intelligent digital teacher's textbook. The tool helps in the follow-up and the respect of the pedagogical objectives. It implements an algorithm to evaluate in real time the concordance between the courses given and the requirements of the syllabus. An SMS and e-mail alert system has also been set up to inform training actors in case of non-compliance with the syllabus. The proposed solution contributes to the overall improvement of the quality of higher education in Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of a combined treatment of sodium stibogluconate at 20mg/kg/day with upper maximum daily dose limit of 850mg and Paromomycin 15mg/kg/day in HIV negative visceral leishmaniasis patients. A retrospective study, northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0009713
Author(s):  
Aschalew Tamiru ◽  
Rezika Mohammed ◽  
Saba Atnafu ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Asrat Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Sodium Stibogluconate ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Treatment Interruptions ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most neglected tropical infectious diseases. It is fatal if left untreated. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of 17-day injections of combined regimen of sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin (SSG/PM) in HIV-negative VL patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of medical records of VL patients treated in the University of Gondar Hospital during period 2012–2019 was carried out. Results A total of 2836 patients were treated for VL from 2012 to 2019. Of these 1233 were treated with SSG-PM, and 1000 of them were included in the study. Initial cure was achieved in 922 (92.2%) patients. The frequency of treatment failure, treatment interruptions, default and deaths respectively were 30 (3%), 20 (2%), 13 (1.3%) and 15 (1.5%). Among 280 patients who completed 6-month follow up, the final cure was 93.9% (263/280), 4 (1.4%) relapsed and 13 (4.6%) developed post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). The most common adverse events (AEs) were raised liver transaminases (35.1%; 351 patients), injection site pain (29.1%, 291 patients) and raised serum alpha-amylase (29.1%, 291 patients). Factors associated with poor treatment outcomes were sepsis, pneumonia, and adverse events. Conclusion A combination of SSG at 20mg/kg with upper daily maximum dose of 850mg and PM was effective for achieving initial cure at end of treatment and safe for treatment of HIV negative VL patients in northwestern Ethiopia. Our data are consistent with previous reports and confirms effectiveness of SSG/PM treatment regimen in the Eastern African countries. Efficacy at 6-months (93.9%) was estimated on data derived from patients who completed follow up and needs to be interrogated by future studies.

Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among Infants, Toddlers, and Children in Western Burkina Faso: Results From a Clinical Trial of Alternative Immunization Schedules

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C Moïsi ◽  
Seydou Yaro ◽  
Sita S Kroman ◽  
Clarisse Gouem ◽  
Dramane Bayane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Western Burkina Faso

Abstract Background Many African countries have introduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into their routine immunization program to reduce the burden of morbidity and death that results from Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, yet immunogenicity and reactogenicity data from the region are limited for the 2 available PCV products. Methods We conducted a randomized trial of 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Infants received 3 doses of PCV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age or at 6 weeks, 14 weeks, and 9 months of age; toddlers received 2 doses 2 months apart or 1 dose beginning at 12 to 15 months of age; and children received 1 dose between 2 and 4 years of age. We measured each participant’s serotype-specific serum immunoglobulin G concentration and opsonophagocytic activity before and after vaccination. For each age group, we compared immune responses between study arms and between the standard schedule in our study and the PCV13-licensing trials. Results In total, 280 infants, 302 toddlers, and 81 children were assigned randomly and underwent vaccination; 268, 235, and 77 of them completed follow-up, respectively. PCV13 resulted in low reactogenicity in all the study arms. The vaccine elicited a strong primary immune response in infants after 2 or more doses and in children aged 1 to 4 years after 1 dose. Infants who received a booster dose exhibited a robust memory response. Immunogenicity was higher than or comparable to that observed in the PCV13-licensing trials for a majority of serotypes in all 3 age groups. Conclusions PCV13 has a satisfactory immunogenicity and reactogenicity profile in this population. Our findings will help support decision making by countries regarding their infant and catch-up vaccination schedules.

scholarly journals Developing Predictors of Long-Term Adherence to Exercise Among Older Veterans and Spouses

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1159-1162
Author(s):  
Candace S. Brown ◽  
Richard Sloane ◽  
Miriam C. Morey
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Inclement Weather ◽  
Behavior Change Theory

Behavior change theory was used to explore predictors of long-term adherence (≥2 years) to exercise. A retrospective analysis of data from participants ( N = 97) who reached a 6-month follow-up, which served as the baseline, was evaluated for completion of yearly follow-up surveys. Variables examined at baseline, which included age, race, gender, body mass index (BMI), and self-report of comorbidities, symptoms, physical function, and a Barriers Specific Self-Efficacy Scale, were examined with significance set at p < .05. Lower BMI (29.1 ± 5.1 vs. 31.6 ± 6.5, p = .047) and higher self-efficacy to overcome environmental barriers ( p = .016) and social isolation ( p = .05) were associated with long-term adherence. Self-efficacy to overcome environmental and social barriers, such as inclement weather, access to exercise site, and opportunities for group-based exercise, should be addressed to promote long-term adherence to exercise among older adults.

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