scholarly journals Comparative anatomy of long bones of the appendicular skeleton of Yankassa sheep and Red Sokoto goat in Zaria Metropolis

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Okpe ◽  
S.S. Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Red Sokoto Goat

A standardized terminology of spines in the order Siluriformes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A Ballen ◽  
Mario C C De Pinna
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Anatomical Nomenclature ◽  
Standardized Terminology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time ◽  
Terminology System

Abstract A standardized terminology for the anatomy of pectoral- and dorsal-fin spines in the order Siluriformes is proposed based on an extensive literature review and direct examination of representatives of the order. The adult anatomy of the spines is described in detail. Terminology of various spine parts are reviewed and standardized, each term provided with a synonymic list organizing previous usage. Most of the structures treated have been recorded and named in the literature, but some are herein named for the first time. A quantitative approach is proposed for orienting decisions on name usage, aiming at minimizing differences between the terminology proposed and the vast amount of pre-existing literature, herein called the cost function. It is expected that this system will aid efforts in organizing the chaotic anatomical nomenclature of the appendicular skeleton in Siluriformes, and provide a solid basis for advances in comparative anatomy and nomenclature. The proposed terminology system has potential application on a number of fields that utilize information from catfish spines, ranging from taxonomy to phylogenetic systematics to paleontology and archaeology.

MEAN FORMATION TIME OF HUMAN OSTEONS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Formation Time ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
System Formation ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Linear Decrease ◽  
Haversian System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Haversian Canals ◽  
Mean Time

With the aid of 19 doubly tetracycline-labelled human bones the mean daily linear decrease in the radius of Haversian canals of newly forming osteons was measured. The mean outside diameters of the Haversian canals were measured on a larger number of human bones. From these measurements the calculated mean time of Haversian system formation in ribs is 46±37 days at age 7 years and 79±63 days at age 43. Compared with those for ribs, the formation times seem to be longer in the long bones of the appendicular skeleton.

GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION OF BONE IN DOUBLE MUSCLED AND NORMAL CATTLE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARIMA A. SHAHIN ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
Maturity Type ◽  
Os Coxae ◽  
Similar Growth

Eighteen Double Muscled (DM), 18 Beef Synthetic (SY) and 18 Hereford (HE) bulls, serially slaughtered from approximately 250 to 800 kg liveweight, were used to determine the influence of 'double muscling' and maturity type on bone growth patterns and distribution. Relative to total side bone (TSB), breed types tended to have similar growth coefficients for all bones or bone groups except the vertebral column where HE tended to have a higher growth coefficient than either SY or DM. As TSB increased the proportion of bone in scapula, costae, vertebrae lumbales and os coxae increased (b > 1; P < 0.05), the proportion of bone in humerus, radius et ulna, tibia, carpus and atlas decreased (b < 1; P < 0.05) and the proportion of bones in vertebrae cervicales with atlas, vertebrae thoracicae, sternum and femur remained relatively constant (b = 1; P > 0.05). The appendicular skeleton followed an increasing disto-proximal growth gradient, whereas the vertebrae followed an increasing cranio-caudal gradient. Compared with the more normal breed types, adjusted to the same TSB, DM had proportionately less bone weight in the proximal hindlimb and total long bones, but they had proportionately more bone weight in costae and sternum. The hypodevelopment of bones in the muscular hypertrophied animals followed a disto-proximal gradient which was most pronounced in the proximal pelvic limb. Key words: Cattle, bone growth, bone distribution, double muscling

scholarly journals Giant osteoid osteoma of the ethmoid bone with unusual large nidus

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 383-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Murat Müslüman ◽  
Adem Yilmaz ◽  
Ersin Oba ◽  
Fevziye Kabukcuoglu ◽  
Ender Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Female Patient ◽  
Osteoid Osteoma ◽  
Bone Neoplasm ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Ethmoid Bone ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTOsteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign bone neoplasm which is seen in the long bones of appendicular skeleton. It is rarely seen in the cranium.Ethmoid bone OO has been very rarely reported so far. We report another case of giant osteoid osteoma involving the ethmoid bone with intraorbital and intracranial extension in a 3O year old female patient. This case with unusual anatomical location was presented. It is first time reporting a giant osteoid osteoma of ethmoid bone with such a large nidus.

The Influence of Spatially Distinct Bone Marrow Niches on HSCs

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3565-3565
Author(s):  
Sali Liu ◽  
Tigue Tozer ◽  
Dilani Rosa ◽  
Cynthia Cunningham ◽  
Alan Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Flat Bone

Abstract During development, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) translocate from the fetal liver to the bone marrow (BM), which remains the site of hematopoiesis throughout adulthood. In the BM the HSCs are located at the endosteal surface, where cells of the osteoblastic lineage comprise a key component of the stem cell niche. While hematopoiesis occurs in many bones, the process of bone formation can actually be split into those bones that develop through endochondral ossification (long bones) and those that form through membranous ossification (flat bones). We examined the role played by the microenvironment in these two distinct bones and whether these microenvironments have differing effects on the HSCs. In vitro analysis of the BM stromal cells isolated from long bones and flat bones has demonstrated that calvaria derived stromal layers can support cobblestone area-forming cells 10-fold greater than stromal layers derived from femurs and tibia. Real-time PCR analysis of gene expression has demonstrated that flat bone stromal cells have 5-fold greater expression of N-cadherin than long bone, while other cadherins such as VE-cadherin show no difference. Correlating with this, we found that calvarial derived HSCs demonstrated increased expression of N-cadherin and also increased expression of other genes associated with cadherin signaling, such as cyclinD1. However, no difference in the cell cycle status of the HSCs derived from long bone and flat bone was noted. Functional assays are being performed in order to assess the function of these distinct BM marrow niches in vivo. It is anticipated that we will be able to begin to define the molecular cues the govern HSC physiology in different locations within the mammalian skeleton and thus provide an understanding not only into the continual migration of HSCs between different HSC niches but also the regression of hematopoiesis that occurs from the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton during the adult human lifespan.

scholarly journals Feline Hypertrophic Osteopathy Associated with Congenital Megaesophagus: Two Case Reports and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 2413
Author(s):  
A.M. ABU-SEIDA ◽  
F.A. TORAD ◽  
E.A. HASSAN ◽  
K.M. ALI
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Thoracic Radiography ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

This report describes two cases of feline hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) associated with congenital megaesophagus (ME). The diagnosis was based upon case history, physical examination, radiography and laboratory investigations. The clinical signs of both cats included; regurgitation, weakness and reluctance to walk since birth. Physical examination revealed painful and thickened long bones, swollen joints, difficult flexion of all four limbs and normal urination, defecation, appetite as well as heart and respiratory rates. The abnormal laboratory findings were thrombocytosis, leukocytosis with lymphocytosis and monocytosis. Survey and contrast thoracic radiography showed generalizedesophageal dilatation. Radiography of appendicular skeleton revealed symmetrical and massive subperiosteal new bone formation of the affected long bones and pelvis. In conclusion, radiography of extremities is highly recommended for cats admitted with congenital ME and lameness to investigate the possibility of HO. Moreover, the HO should be listed duringthe differential diagnosis of thickened limbs in cats.

scholarly journals Comparative Osteometric Study of Long Bones in Yankasa Sheep and Red Sokoto Goat

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
SO Salami ◽  
CS Ibe ◽  
AD Umosen ◽  
IE Ajayi ◽  
SM Maidawa
Keyword(s):  
Long Bones ◽  
Red Sokoto Goat

MEAN FORMATION TIME OF HUMAN OSTEONS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1307-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Formation Time ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
System Formation ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Linear Decrease ◽  
Haversian System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Haversian Canals ◽  
Mean Time

With the aid of 19 doubly tetracycline-labelled human bones the mean daily linear decrease in the radius of Haversian canals of newly forming osteons was measured. The mean outside diameters of the Haversian canals were measured on a larger number of human bones. From these measurements the calculated mean time of Haversian system formation in ribs is 46±37 days at age 7 years and 79±63 days at age 43. Compared with those for ribs, the formation times seem to be longer in the long bones of the appendicular skeleton.

Axial homeosis and appendicular skeleton defects in mice with a targeted disruption of hoxd-11

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 2187-2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Davis ◽  
M.R. Capecchi
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Gene Targeting ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Incomplete Penetrance ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Paralogous Gene ◽  
Targeted Disruption ◽  
Limb Deformities

Using gene targeting, we have created mice with a disruption in the homeobox-containing gene hoxd-11. Homozygous mutants are viable and the only outwardly apparent abnormality is male infertility. Skeletons of mutant mice show a homeotic transformation that repatterns the sacrum such that each vertebra adopts the structure of the next most anterior vertebra. Defects are also seen in the bones of the limb, including regional malformations at the distal end of the forelimb affecting the length and structure of phalanges and metacarpals, inappropriate fusions between wrist bones, and defects at the most distal end in the long bones of the radius and ulna. The phenotypes show both incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. In contrast to the defects observed in the vertebral column, the phenotypes in the appendicular skeleton do not resemble homeotic transformations, but rather regional malformations in the shapes, length and segmentation of bones. Our results are discussed in the context of two other recent gene targeting studies involving the paralogous gene hoxa-11 and another member of the Hox D locus, hoxd-13. The position of these limb deformities reflects the temporal and structural colinearity of the Hox genes, such that inactivation of 3′ genes has a more proximal phenotypic boundary (affecting both the zeugopod and autopod of the limb) than that of the more 5′ genes (affecting only the autopod). Taken together, these observations suggest an important role for Hox genes in controlling localized growth of those cells that contribute to forming the appendicular skeleton.

scholarly journals Case Report of Osteopoikilosis: Sparse Cause of Bone Pain and Mimicker of Metastasis on Radiographs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer R. Panchal ◽  
Sangeet Gawhale ◽  
Nadir Z. Shah ◽  
Tapas Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Bone Pain ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Osteoblastic Metastasis ◽  
Joint Effusions ◽  
Articular Pain ◽  
Bone Condition

Introduction: Osteopoikilosis (OPK) is an extremely rare benign condition with autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by sclerosing bony dysplasia with multiple benign enostoses. It is characterized by symmetrically distributed numerous, small, well-defined, homogenous circular or ovoid radiodensities clustered in epiphysis and metaphysis of long bones in periarticular region, and in some cases diffusely present throughout axial and appendicular skeleton. There is no age and sex predilection; age at the time of diagnosis ranges from 15 to 60 years. It is usually asymptomatic but rarely in 15–20% patients slight juxta-articular pain and joint effusions can be seen. These are incidental radiological findings in most of the cases, also sometimes confused as bony metastasis. There are no specific clinical features; histological features are similar to bony island and it may be associated with connective tissue disorders, synovial osteochondromatosis, and a rare bone condition melorheostosis. Case Report: We present a case of OPK in a 32-year-old male with bilateral hip and shoulder pain, based on the available literature and focus on clinical significance, due to its mimicking capability of other more severe conditions such as bone metastases and an extremely uncommon cause of bone pain. Conclusion: OPK is an uncommon hereditary condition involving juxta-articular region of long bones with intricate etiopathogenesis, often discovered incidentally on radiographs. It is characterized by multiple, symmetrical ovoid radiodensities, and in most instances confused with osteoblastic metastasis. This concludes that OPK is a condition that should be kept in mind to avoid misdiagnosis, in particular osteoblastic metastasis and undue distress to both the patients and doctors. Keywords: Osteopoikilosis, melorheostosis, bone metastases

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