scholarly journals Feline Hypertrophic Osteopathy Associated with Congenital Megaesophagus: Two Case Reports and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 2413
Author(s):  
A.M. ABU-SEIDA ◽  
F.A. TORAD ◽  
E.A. HASSAN ◽  
K.M. ALI
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Thoracic Radiography ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

This report describes two cases of feline hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) associated with congenital megaesophagus (ME). The diagnosis was based upon case history, physical examination, radiography and laboratory investigations. The clinical signs of both cats included; regurgitation, weakness and reluctance to walk since birth. Physical examination revealed painful and thickened long bones, swollen joints, difficult flexion of all four limbs and normal urination, defecation, appetite as well as heart and respiratory rates. The abnormal laboratory findings were thrombocytosis, leukocytosis with lymphocytosis and monocytosis. Survey and contrast thoracic radiography showed generalizedesophageal dilatation. Radiography of appendicular skeleton revealed symmetrical and massive subperiosteal new bone formation of the affected long bones and pelvis. In conclusion, radiography of extremities is highly recommended for cats admitted with congenital ME and lameness to investigate the possibility of HO. Moreover, the HO should be listed duringthe differential diagnosis of thickened limbs in cats.

scholarly journals Approach to hypercalcemia

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophy Mo
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Main Components

Hypercalcemia is a presentation commonly encountered in the clinical setting. Due to its vast differential diagnosis, a systematic approach is necessary when approaching patients with hypercalcemia. This article presents a simple, yet thorough approach to help clinicians determine the etiology of their patient's hypercalcemia. The main components of history taking, physical examination, and laboratory investigations for patients with hypercalcemia are highlighted. Emphasis is put on the importance of determining whether the hypercalcemia is associated with elevated or inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) or not. The main etiologies of PTH-dependent hypercalcemia and PTH-independent hypercalcemia are explored. Primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia secondary to malignancy are highlighted as together, they make up 90% of hypercalcemia cases. A presentation of the management principles of hypercalcemia is also provided.

Drug- and Chemical-Induced Aseptic Meningitis: A Review of the Literature

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline S. Marinac
Keyword(s):  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Meningeal Involvement

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this article is to provide readers with case reports of drug- or chemical-induced aseptic meningitis (DCAM) described in the medical literature. Background information regarding the classification of DCAM, incidence, proposed mechanisms, associated risk factors, clinical management, and sequelae is presented. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was used to identify pertinent background literature and case reports of DCAM. DATA EXTRACTION: All case reports of DCAM involve anecdotal information. A critical analysis of a causal relationship to the implicated drug or chemical and the appearance of meningeal involvement is presented. Animal data are included when pertinent. DATA SYNTHESIS: DCAM is a rare adverse event associated with numerous agents. Patients present with a variety of clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory findings of cerebral spinal fluid, when obtained, vary greatly. Most patients fully recover without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Numerous drugs and chemicals have been implicated in the medical literature as producing DCAM. Two proposed mechanisms of DCAM have been theorized: a delayed hypersensitivity-type reaction and direct meningeal irritation. The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, certain antibiotics, radiographic agents, and muromonab-CD3 have been most frequently implicated. There appears to be an association between the occurrence of the hypersensitivity-type reactions and underlying collagen vascular or rheumatologic disease.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment of a thoracic oesophageal duplication cyst causing recurrent dysphagia in an adult dog

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
A. Foglia ◽  
S. Del Magno ◽  
M. Pietra ◽  
V. Cola ◽  
M. Joechler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Duplication Cyst ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Oesophageal Duplication Cyst

A 7-year-old intact male Rottweiler dog was evaluated for recurrent dysphagia and regurgitation. Physical examination was unremarkable and routine blood works were within normal limits. Computed tomography revealed a defined lesion in the caudal mediastinum arising from the oesophagus. The lesion was excised using intercostal thoracotomy and the histological diagnosis was oesophageal duplication cyst. The dog recovered uneventfully and at a 3-year follow-up no clinical signs were reported. Although extremely rare, oesophageal duplication cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of chronic regurgitation and dysphagia associated with evidence of an oesophageal lesion.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic cats from Germany, Austria and Switzerland and clinical/laboratory findings in 18 PCR-positive cats (2008–2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110174
Author(s):  
Ingo Schäfer ◽  
Barbara Kohn ◽  
Elisabeth Müller
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Indirect Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

Objectives Anaplasma phagocytophilum is considered the most significant rickettsial pathogen affecting cats. The organism is transmitted by ticks of the species Ixodes ricinus in Central Europe and can cause granulocytic anaplasmosis in pets, wildlife and humans. The aims of this study were to assess the frequency of positive test results for A phagocytophilum in cats in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, as well as to evaluate clinical and laboratory findings in cats with positive PCR results. Methods This study included the results of direct (PCR) and indirect detection methods (immunofluorescence antibody tests [IFAT]) requested by veterinarians in Germany, Austria and Switzerland between 2008 and 2020 from the LABOKLIN laboratory (Bad Kissingen, Germany). The veterinarians treating the PCR-positive cats were contacted by telephone to enquire about their clinical signs, laboratory findings, management and outcomes. Results In total, 244/1636 cats (15%) tested positive by direct (PCR: n = 27/725 [4%]) and/or indirect detection methods (IFAT: n = 221/956 [23%]). In 18/26 cats with PCR results positive for A phagocytophilum, additional information about clinical signs, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome was obtained. Of these 18 cats, five had comorbidities independent of their infection with A phagocytophilum. The most common clinical signs in PCR-positive cats (total/without comorbidities) were lethargy (83%/92%), fever (83%/85%) and thrombocytopenia (61%/62%). Overall, more than half (57%) of the cats with and without comorbidities recovered clinically. Conclusions and relevance Infections with A phagocytophilum should be considered as differential diagnoses in cats with tick infestation, lethargy, fever and thrombocytopenia. The clinical signs and laboratory findings are consistent with published case reports in cats. Ectoparasite prophylaxis in cats is recommended throughout the entire year.

scholarly journals An unusual course of COVID-19 infection with late increase in C-reactive protein (clinical case reports)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-714
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Chikina ◽  
M. Yu. Brovko ◽  
V. V. Royuk ◽  
S. N. Avdeev
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Antiinflammatory Therapy ◽  
Reactive Protein

Clinical signs of COVID-19 infection are non-specific and diagnosis is typically based on comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s history, clinical status, radiological and laboratory findings. A common finding in COVID-19 patients is increased C-reactive protein (CRP), though in some patients, CRP remains within normal range notwithstanding the presence of other criteria of severe disease. We describe two clinical cases of COVID-19 with severe bilateral pneumonia and late increase in CRP. Similar cases re quite challenging for making the diagnosis and indicating the antiinflammatory therapy.

Clinic and CNS pathology of natural Visna cases

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
P. Henze ◽  
P. Wohlsein ◽  
M. Ganter
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Important Differential Diagnosis

Summary Objective: This study summarizes the clinical, serological, pathomorphological and laboratory findings in 19 sheep with spontaneous Visna in Germany. The cases occurred over a period of 13 years in 13 flocks. In all affected sheep cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed. In addition in six flocks from which 12 of the Visna cases came the whole flock was tested for Maedi/Visna virus (MVV) antibodies. Material and methods: The diagnosis of spontaneous Visna with typical clinical signs was proven by serological and histopathological investigations. Serological screening for MVV antibodies was performed with the agargel-immuno- precipitation-test (AGIDT). Additionally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained by lumbosacral puncture and examined cytologically. Results: Nine of the 19 cases were Texels and six East Frisian Milk sheep. Six out of nine Texels came from the same flock with a MVV-antibody intra-flock prevalence of 0.94. The mean age of the sheep was 3.9 ± 2.3 years (0.5–10 years). Time between onset of clinical symptoms until euthanasia due to recumbency was 35 ± 23 days (6–102 days). In most cases clinical signs started with ataxia, staggering and circling, followed by increasing paresis of the hind legs. In the late stages of the disease 14 sheep suffered from tetraparesis. Trembling of lips or eye lids, blindness and scratching were rare signs. In all cases pleocytosis (11–876 M/l, mean = 167 M/l) with mononuclear cells, predominantly macrophages, was found. This finding provides an additional diagnostic aid to support the clinical differentiation from other infectious diseases with neurological manifestation in sheep. Histopathology of the CNS revealed in most cases a severe leukoencephalitis and demyelinisation with perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Visna is an important differential diagnosis in CNS disorders of sheep. It also occurs in animals younger than one year. Visna occurs especially in highly infected flocks of susceptible sheep breeds. CSF cytology can help to differentiate Visna from other CNS diseases. Clinically, Visna may be an important differential diagnosis to Scrapie.

scholarly journals Non-tropical fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes: case reports and review of recent literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 030006052093896
Author(s):  
Fang Xia ◽  
Weibin Zhou ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Yongmei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Secondary Diabetes ◽  
Pancreatic Diabetes ◽  
Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes

Background Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD), an uncommon form of secondary diabetes, is caused by chronic nonalcoholic calcific pancreatitis and primarily occurs in tropical countries. Objective To present our first-hand experiences in the diagnosis and management of FCPD in two patients from a non-tropical location. Case report Two male Chinese patients (29 and 32 years old) presented with poor insulin function, negative islet cell and glutamate decarboxylase antibodies, and no spontaneous ketosis or abdominal pain. A careful clinical assessment was made and the results were correlated with laboratory findings. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scans further revealed pancreatic calcification, calculi, and pancreatic duct dilation. Differential diagnosis confirmed FCPD and excluded the potential misdiagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. FCPD in these patients was managed with insulin and symptomatic treatment with close monitoring. At the time of submission of this report, the first patient was stable at his last follow-up, but the second had been re-hospitalized for worsening symptoms. Conclusion Early differential diagnosis of FCPD based on clinical examination and biochemical and radiological investigations, in tandem with insulin therapy, can help manage FCPD effectively.

scholarly journals Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy in Two Red Wolf (Canis rufus) Pups

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jenessa L. Gjeltema ◽  
Robert A. MacLean ◽  
Eli B. Cohen ◽  
Ryan S. De Voe
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Canis Rufus ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Red Wolf ◽  
Pelvic Limb

A 6-month-old red wolf (Canis rufus) pup presented for evaluation of progressive thoracic and pelvic limb lameness, joint swelling, and decreased body condition. Radiographic evaluation revealed medullary sclerosis centered at the metaphyses of multiple long bones, well-defined irregular periosteal proliferation, and ill-defined lucent zones paralleling the physes, consistent with hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD). Biopsies of affected bone revealed medullary fibrosis and new bone formation. The pup improved following treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, opioids, and supportive care over the course of 4 weeks. Metaphyseal periosteal bone proliferation persisted until the animal was humanely euthanized several years later for poor quality of life associated with bilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture. A second red wolf pup of 4.5 months of age presented for evaluation of lethargy, kyphotic posture, and swollen carpal and tarsal joints. Radiographs revealed bilateral medullary sclerosis and smooth periosteal reaction affecting multiple long bones, suggestive of HOD. Further diagnostics were not pursued in this case to confirm the diagnosis, and the clinical signs persisted for 4 weeks. In light of these two case reports, HOD should be recognized as a developmental orthopedic disease in growing red wolves.

Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy

2019 ◽  
pp. 361-363
Author(s):  
Noam Belkind ◽  
Adam C. Zoga
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Imaging Finding ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Polyposis ◽  
Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy ◽  
Clinical Triad ◽  
Periosteal New Bone Formation

Chapter 69 discusses hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA), which is a clinical triad of periostitis, digital clubbing, and swollen joints. When caused by an underlying pulmonary disease, it is termed hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA). HPOA is most commonly associated with neoplastic lung disease, however, HOA has also been described with cyanotic congenital heart disease, cirrhosis, biliary atresia, inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal polyposis, and thalassemia. The principal imaging finding in HPOA is periostitis and periosteal new bone formation affecting the long bones of the appendicular skeleton in a bilateral and symmetric fashion. Radiographically this manifests as a smooth layer of periosteal new bone formation. Bone scintigraphy demonstrates a characteristic linear radiotracer uptake parallel to the normal cortical bone uptake known as the parallel track or double line sign. MRI similarly demonstrates hyperintense linear periosteal STIR signal that parallels the affected long bones.

scholarly journals Canine copper-associated hepatitis: A retrospective study of 17 clinical cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Rodrigues ◽  
Rodolfo O. Leal ◽  
Maud Girod ◽  
Claire Dally ◽  
Emmanuel Guery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Laboratory Findings

Background: Copper-associated hepatitis (CAH) is a well-documented chronic hepatic disease in dogs. In some breeds, the disease results from an inherited defect in copper metabolism. In others, it is unclear whether its acummulation is a primary or secondary condition. Reports of copper accumulation in dog breeds that are not genetically predisposed are increasing.Aim: To describe the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory findings, liver biopsy techniques, and treatment response in dogs with CAH.Methods: A retrospective study was performed, drawing upon medical records from CAH dogs at a Veterinary Referral Hospital in Paris, France. The diagnosis of CAH had been confirmed in these patients by positive rhodanine staining of hepatic tissue obtained through biopsy. Medical records were mined for the following data: age at presentation, sex, breed, chief presenting complaints, abdominal ultrasound (US) findings, and rhodanine staining pattern.Results: A total of 17 dogs were included in the study. Median age at presentation was 8-year old (4–11). No sex predisposition was found. Terriers (4/17) and German Shepherd Dogs (GSD, 3/17) were overrepresented. American Staffordshire Terriers and Beauceron had not previously appeared in case reports on CAH; two of each breed were identified in this study. Clinical signs of affected dogs were non-specific. An incidental identification of increased liverenzymes was observed in 5/17 dogs. A heterogeneous, mottled liver was frequently described (5/17) on abdominal US. Liver biopsies were performed by US-guided percutaneous approach in 10/17 dogs, laparoscopy and laparotomy in 6/17 and 1/17, respectively. The rhodanine staining pattern was centrilobular (zone 3) in 8/17 dogs and periportal (zone 1) in 3/17 dogs. The pattern was considered multifocal in 6/17 dogs.Conclusion: Increased liver enzymes may be the only clinical finding in dogs with copper-associated hepatitis, reflecting the silent progression of this disease. Centrilobular pattern of rhodanine staining was observed in the majority of cases suggesting the primary condition of the disease. Results of this study are consistent with the current literature, which reports that terriers and GSD are predisposed to CAH. This is the first  description of CAH in Beauceron and American Staffordshire Terrier dogs. Keywords: American Staffordshire Terrier, Beauceron, Copper-associated hepatitis, Liver biopsy, Rhodanine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document