scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activities of Aframomum melegueta (K. Schum) Seed Extracts on Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1424
Author(s):  
M.S. Chomini ◽  
M.K. Peter ◽  
M. Ameh ◽  
A.E. Chomini ◽  
E.A. Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Seed Extracts

The phytochemical screening and antibacterial effects of Aframomum melegueta (K. Schum)on Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae was carried out. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, glycosides  and phenols in the seed extract. The susceptibility test showedzones of inhibition (ZOI) of S. typhi (11.0mm) and K. pneumonia (13.0mm)with methanolic seed extract (MSE), while the hot aqueous seed extract (HASE) recorded 3.0mmas ZOI for both test organisms. The Minimum  inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200mg/ml and 100mg/ml were recorded against S. typhi and K. pneumoniae respectively with MSE, while HASE indicated 400mg/ml and 200mg/ml MICs against S. typhi and K. pneumoniae respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) obtained from MSE were 200 mg/ml and 25mg/ml for S. typhiand K. pneumoniae, while HASE had > 400mg/ml for test microbes. The effectiveness of different concentrations of the test plant extracts on the test organisms was significant (P<0.05). Further trials involving other clinical isolates and botanicals at different concentrations be conducted, to optimize theprocess. Keywords: Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Aframomum melegueta, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities and phytochemical screening of crude extract of Carica papaya leaf against selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
A.E. Ajiboye ◽  
R.A. Olawoyin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms

Carica papaya commonly known as paw paw belongs to the family of Curcubitaceae and commonly grown in tropical regions. It possesses  antimicrobial, antihelmintic and antioxidant properties. The study assessed the antibacterial potency of Carica papaya against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Acetone and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Carica papaya were obtained using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was done using agar well diffusion methods. The Minimum inhibitory and Minimum bactericidal concentrations were done using standard procedures. The antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of Carica papaya against the test organisms revealed that acetone extract showed maximum zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 17.90±0.10mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest inhibitory effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae with a zone of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 mg/ml, the aqueous extract showed maximum zone of  inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 15.50±0.50mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest zone of inhibition was on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 g/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of acetone and aqueous extract was 40 mg/ml and 50mg/ml against Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of the extracts ranges from 40-60mg/ml. The qualitative  phytochemical screening result revealed the presence of tannins, saponnin, alkaloids and steroid. The quantitative phytochemicals revealed 0.70%  of flavonoids, 0.48% of alkaloids, 1.02% of tannin, 0.11% of steroids and 1.08% of glycoside. The result obtained revealed that crude extracts of Carica papaya leaves has antibacterial activities against the test organisms. Keywords: Carica papaya, Phytochemical screening, Pathogens, Antibacterial  activity

scholarly journals Pharmacological studies of Mangifera indica leaf extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 073-079
Author(s):  
Agrawal RC
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Almost All

The present study was undertaken to explore the phytochemical screening, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities of the hydro-methanolic leaves extract of Mangifera indica using standard screening methods such as disc diffusion and DPPH methods. In phytochemical screening, Mangifera indicaextract showed presence of secondary metabolites such as carbohydrate, phenols, tanins and proteins whereas Saponins were absent. It also showed antibacterial activities against almost all the test organisms. The extracts possessed potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity against the positive control standard Ascorbic acid. Results denote the presence of hydroxyl radical scavenging principles in the extracts.

scholarly journals Natural Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Wild Grape (Ampelocissus martinii Planch.) Root Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-550
Author(s):  
P. Siripipatthana ◽  
P. Srihanam ◽  
A. Sangdee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity

A hydromethanolic root extract of Ampelocissus martinii Planch. (A. martinii) was analyzed by standard methods for its phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions and antibacterial activities. The root extract exhibited the highest content of saponins, followed by phenols, proanthocyanidin and flavonoids, respectively. It showed high antioxidant activity in FRAP and CUPRAC assays. The root extract and standard Trolox had similar antioxidant activities in the DPPH and ABTS assay. It also showed much higher α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to standard acarbose. Moreover, the root extract inhibited all tested Gram-positive bacteria with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 6.25 mg/mL. These results indicate that A. martinii root can be pharmaceutically used as active ingredients to prevent bacterial infection and radical-related diseases especially diabetes.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LEAF EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
R. C. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Dose Dependent

The phytochemical  screening, and anti-bacterial activities of the hydro-methanolic leaves extract of Psidium guajava   using standard screening methods such as disc diffusion methods. The secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols , saponins, and tannins were present  in Psidium guava  extract in phytochemical screening, It also showed dose dependent  antibacterial activities against almost all the test organisms.  Results denote the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava leaves extract

scholarly journals Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Terhadap Salmonella Typhi Resisten Kloramfenikol

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ika Trisharyanti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

<em><span lang="EN-US">Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi, antibiotic chloramphenicol can be use to treatment, but S. typhi resistant with antibiotic choramphenicol so need to alternative treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of ten leaves against Salmonella typhi, and knowing the compounds contained in extracts of leaves that have the best antibacterial activity. The leaves was extracted with  ethanol 96% by maceration method. Screening antibacterial activity used disk diffusion method with 10% extract concentration. The best antibacterial activity was determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration used liquid dilution method, identification test of compounds with thin-layer chromatograpy (TLC), and bioautografi test. There were six extracts had antibacterial activity against S. Typhi, Phaleria macrocarpa leaves, Acalypha siamensis leaves, cherry leaves, clove leaves, tea leaves, and Eugenia polyantha leaves. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration from clove leaf extract was 2,5%. The results of identification by TLC compounds were alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, and saponins. Based on bioautografi test,  phenolic can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi.</span></em>

scholarly journals In-vitro Sensitivity of Selected Enteric Bacteria to Extracts of Allium sativum L.

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa O. AREKEMASE ◽  
David O. ADETITUN ◽  
Ganiyu P. OYEYIOLA
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Test Organisms

Garlic has been used throughout all of recorded history for culinary and medicinal reasons. The portion of the plant most often consumed is an underground storage structure called a head. The antimicrobial effects of Allium sativum (garlic) against some bacterial isolates were investigated using the agar diffusion well method. Standard methods were used to carry out the investigation. Photochemical analyses of the ethanolic extracts showed the presence of many secondary metabolites such as saponins, tannins, alkaloid steroids and glycosides. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the agent (garlic) was determined for both the aqueous and ethanolic extract. The ethanolic extract was more effective than the aqueous extract, inhibiting all the test organisms. While the aqueous extracts was effective against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Garlic extracts are strictly broad-spectrum with immune boosting phytonutrients from Allium ‘family’. Further research will need to be done to carry out the purification of the active ingredients which have potential for combating human disease. Also, toxicological studies need to be evaluated.

Antimicrobial Activities of Bryophyllum pinnatum on Some Selected Clinical Isolates.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I A Ibikunle
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum obtained through cold maceration, were screened for their antibacterial activities against selected multi-drug resistant bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi Staphylococcus aureus) using the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts at concentrations ranging from 100mg/ml to 25mg/ml. The ethanol extract was the most reactive while the aqueous extract showed lesser antibacterial activity. Ofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic in the antibiotic susceptibility profiling of the test organisms. It was however evident that the ethanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum has higher antibacterial efficacy on the test organisms than Ofloxacin. Bacteriostatic and -cidal activities were exhibited by the plant extracts against the organisms ranging from 25 – 100 × 103 µg/ml. Succinctly, Bryophyllum pinnatum possesses biologically active constituents with explorable pharmacological potentials.

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF A. CHEVALIERI HAMS (FABACEAE) STEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Murtala M. Namadina ◽  
A. M. Idris ◽  
U. Sunusi ◽  
M. H. Abdulrazak ◽  
F. M. Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Dental Infections

Albizia chevalieri Hams (Mimosaceae/Fabaceae), mostly found in the Northern Sahel Savannah region of Nigeria as well as in Nigér and Senegal is a tree of the acacia type with a long list of folklore therapeutic claims that include its use as purgative, taenicidal, cough remedy, dysentery, cancer, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis and snake bite remedy. However, many bacterial species have been reported to develop resistance to antibiotics commonly prescribed for dental infections. Therefore, the need to search for natural products for remedy to this problem cannot be overemphasized. The stem was collected, dried and powdered. The powder was thereafter extracted with distilled water and subsequently with methanol. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. Agar well diffusion, agar dilution and spread plate methods were employed to determine the zone of inhibition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and rate of killing respectively. Phytochemical screening of methanol and aqueous extracts of Albizia chevalieri stem revealed the presence of phenol, alkaloid, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids and carbohydrate as secondary metabolites. The two extracts showed broad spectrum of activity but the aqueous extract had larger zones of inhibition of 32 mm against S. mutans while methanol extract had higher zone of inhibition on S. aureus (24 mm). Low MIC and MBC values ranging from 6.25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml respectively. The results obtained also provided scientific evidence for the use of A. chevalieri in folklore medicine in the treatment of tooth infections.

scholarly journals Terpenoid components, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from fresh immature and mature leaves of Blumea balsamifera, extracted with different hydrodistillation periods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirinapha Jirakitticharoen ◽  
Wudtichai Wisuitiprot ◽  
Pongphen Jitareerat ◽  
Chalermchai Wongs-Aree
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities

AbstractVolatiles and antioxidant capacities in essential oils (EOs) from fresh immature and mature leaves of Blumea balsamifera, extracted with different extraction periods of hydrodistillation, were investigated. There were seven major terpenoid compounds in the leaf extracts, including 2 monoterpenes of camphor and L-borneol, and 5 sesquiterpenes of silphiperfol-5-ene, 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene, ß-caryophyllene, ɤ-eudesmol, and α-eudesmol. Different hydrodistillation periods resulted in different quantitates and compositions of the terpenoids in EOs. The yield of EOs from the immature leaves was 1.4 times higher than the mature ones, whereas 73% of the yield was collected from the first 6 h of hydrodistillation. Camphor and L-borneol were almost collected in the first 6 h, while ß-caryophyllene, silphiperfolene, and 7-epi-silphiperfolene were above 80%, but ɤ-eudesmol and α-eudesmol were only 32 and 54% released. ß-Caryophyllene, ɤ-eudesmol, and α-eudesmol were found higher in the mature leaf EOs. Antioxidant capacities in EOs were positively related to terpenoid contents. Antibacterial activity of EOs from the immature leaves was subsequently tested. Although EOs from the hydrodistillation period of 12-18 h contained fewer terpenoid compositions, it showed the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, compared to 0-6 h EOs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance pattern of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from burn wounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshin Azra Rahman ◽  
Asma Akhter ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Urmi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Mic Value

Out of 10 random burn wound swab samples, 15 isolates were found which included Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Shigella spp. Pseudmonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Antibiogram assay revealed that four of them were multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, i.e, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli which were further selected for a comparative analysis of resistance through determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by using chloramphenicol and tetracycline. In case of tetracycline, the highest MIC value was estimated to be 30 ?g/ml and the highest MBC value was found to be 60 ?g/ml for the 4 MDR strains tested. Whereas, against chloramphenicol, the highest MIC value was 62.5 ?g/ml and the highest MBC value was 125 ?g/ml for all the MDR strains except for E. coli, which exhibited absolute resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22744 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.3(1) 2013: 6-8

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