Effects of avocado seed extracts on growth performance and caecal flora of guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

The diversification of animal protein sources is a beneficial strategy to fill the protein deficit that all developing countries like Cameroon are facing. This work was initiated with the aim of increasing the productivity of guinea pigs through the use of avocado seed extracts. Four experimental rations (T0, T1, T2 and T3) were formulated with graded level of avocado seed extracts (0; 100 g; 200 g and 300 g of extracts per 100 kg of food respectively). Each treatment was tested on 15 females and 3 males divided into 3 subgroups. The results reveal that the mean weights of the animals were significantly the highest: at farrowing (87.00 g); at weaning (160.80 g) and at 8 weeks of age (234.40 g) were obtained with the T1 treatment. The significantly highest total gains (147.4 g) were obtained with the T1 treatment, the T3 treatment having given the lowest mean gain. In animals receiving T0 and T1 treatments, the level of lactobacilli was higher than the level of E. coli. The reverse was observed with T2 and T3 treatments. The use of avocado seed extracts can be considered at an incorporation rate of 100 g / 100 kg in guinea pigs feed. La diversification des sources de protéines animales est une stratégie salutaire pour combler le déficit protéique dont font face tous les pays en développement à l’instar du Cameroun. Ce travail a été initié dans l’optique d’accroître la productivité des cobayes à travers l’utilisation des extraits de noyaux d’avocat (ENA). Quatre rations expérimentales (T0, T1, T2 et T3) ont été formulées contenant respectivement 0 ; 100 g ; 200 g et 300 g de ENA pour 100 kg d’aliment. Chacune des rations a été testées sur 15 femelles et 3 mâles divisés en 3 sous-lots de 6 sujets chacun. Les résultats ont révélé que les poids moyens des animaux significativement les plus élevés : à la mise bas (87,00 g) ; au sevrage (160,80 g) et à 8 semaines d’âge (234,40 g) ont été obtenus avec les animaux recevant 100 g/100 kg d’extrait de noyau d’avocat (T1). Les gains totaux significativement les plus élevés (147,4 g) ont été obtenus avec le traitement T1, le traitement T3 ayant donné le gain moyen le plus bas. Chez les animaux recevant les traitements T0 et T1, le taux de lactobacilles a été supérieur au taux de colibacilles. L’inverse a été observé avec les traitements T2 et T3. L’utilisation des extraits des noyaux d’avocat peut être envisagée à un taux d’incorporation de 100g/100kg d’aliment chez le cobaye.

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Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin amount as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% and inhibited the increase of tyrosinase enzymes not as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed Guin

Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico ◽

10.36444/nsmc.v4i1.147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 22-27

Author(s):

Chynthia Friama ◽

Anak Agung Gde Putra Wiraguna ◽

Wimpie Pangkahila

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Premature Aging ◽

Control Group ◽

Cavia Porcellus ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Angelica Keiskei ◽

The Mean ◽

Tyrosinase Enzyme

Background: Excessive sun exposure results in increased activity of the tyrosinase enzyme and the amount of melanin in the skin which causes hyperpigmentation, a sign of premature aging. The purpose of this study was to prove that Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin and tyrosinase enzymes as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) skin. Methods: This study used a randomized post-test only control group design. The subjects were 36 male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Subjects were divided into two groups, the hydroquinone cream 4% group and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group exposed to UVB light. Skin samples were collected 48 hours after the last exposure to measure the tyrosinase enzyme levels using the ELISA method and the amount of melanin was examined by Masson-Fontana staining. Results: The mean levels of tyrosinase in the hydroquinone cream 4% group was 19.51 ± 5.16 ng/L and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group was 23.76 ± 3.09 ng/L (p = 0.005). The mean amount of melanin in the hydroquinone cream 4% group was 2.98 ± 2.27% and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group was 4.77 ± 3.33% (p = 0.069). Conclusion: The administration of Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin amount as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% and inhibited the increase of tyrosinase enzymes not as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) skin.

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Measurement of tear production and establishment of reference values in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) using a modified Schirmer tear test

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.105175 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 186 (10) ◽

pp. 321-321

Author(s):

Anna Linda Nogradi ◽

Zsolt Szentgáli ◽

Márton Battay ◽

Iain Cope ◽

János Gál ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Small Volume ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Random Order ◽

Cavia Porcellus ◽

Tear Production ◽

Schirmer Tear Test ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year

BackgroundPast studies have shown that 5-mm Schirmer tear tests (STTs) are difficult to interpret in guinea pigs. Modified 2.5-mm STT strips are more adequate for measuring the small volume of tear production in these animals. The aim of this study was to establish reference values for the modified 2.5-mm STT strips.MethodsModified STT measurements were performed in random order in both eyes of 50 guinea pig patients. The wetting of the strip was noted at 30 seconds and at 1 minute.ResultsThe mean±sd STT values for both eyes were 7.58±3.19 mm at 30 seconds and 10.42±3.92 mm at 60 seconds. The median was 8 mm at 30 seconds and 10 mm at 60 seconds for both eyes. Animals under one year of age had lower STT values. STT values at 30 and 60 seconds can both be used. Both eyes should be measured when possible.ConclusionThe authors recommend values above 8 mm at 30 seconds and 10 mm at 60 seconds to be considered normal when using a 2.5-mm STT strip. There are ambiguous areas at 5–8 mm and 6–10 mm. If in these ranges the results should be combined with clinical signs and judgement.

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Family Outbreaks of Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis following a Meal of Guinea Pigs

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2015/864640 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

John B. Fournier ◽

Kimberly Knox ◽

Maureen Harris ◽

Michael Newstein

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

South America ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Cavia Porcellus ◽

Andean Region ◽

Human Salmonellosis ◽

Pig Meat

Salmonellaoutbreaks have been linked to a wide variety of foods, including recent nationwide outbreaks. Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), also known as cuy or cobayo, has long been a popular delicacy and ceremonial food in the Andean region in South America. This case report describes three family outbreaks of nontyphoidal salmonellosis, each occurring after a meal of guinea pigs. We believe this case report is the first to describe a probable association between the consumption of guinea pig meat and human salmonellosis. Physicians should be aware of the association ofSalmonellaand the consumption of guinea pigs, given the increasing immigration of people from the Andean region of South America and the increasing travel to this region.

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Comparative Growth Performance in Post-Weaned Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus L) Fed with Panicum Maximum or Pennisetum Purpureum

Archives on Veterinary Science and Technology ◽

10.29011/2637-9988/100048 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emile Miégoué ◽

Fernand Tendonkeng ◽

Jules Lemofouet ◽

Paulette Ntsafack ◽

Nathalie Mweugang Ngouopo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Cavia Porcellus

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115 FIRST SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY AFTER EMBRYO TRANSFER INTO SYNCHRONIZED FEMALES IN GUINEA PIG (CAVIA PORCELLUS)

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv24n1ab115 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

A. Grégoire ◽

F. Peredo ◽

S. León ◽

E. Huamán ◽

A. Allard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Low Income ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

18Th Century ◽

Tap Water ◽

Uterine Horn ◽

Cavia Porcellus ◽

Research Areas ◽

Transfer Method

The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) has been used as a laboratory animal since the late 18th century and still remains essential in many research areas. It also plays an important role in the Andes societies as a source of protein for many low-income highlanders and as part of rituals and traditional medicines. Thus, the conservation of genetic diversity is a long-term issue that must be considered. To establish an embryo cryobank, it is necessary to develop a method of embryo transfer. Up to now no pregnancies after surgical embryo transfer into synchronized females have been reported in guinea pigs. The aim of this work was to design a standard embryo transfer method in this species. Eight normally cycling female guinea pigs from the Maria-Marcela Farm (Puente Piedra, Peru), weighing from 1 to 1.5 kg, were used in this study. Females were housed under farming conditions and fed on commercial pellets and tap water ad libitum. Three donor females were superovulated using 15 IU of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG, Massone®, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and mated as soon as the vagina opened. Copulatory plug was observed and vaginal smears were taken to guarantee successful mating. Thirty-eight embryos were collected between Days 3.5 and 4.5 after ovulation at the morula and early blastocyst stages. Five recipient females were synchronized by a daily 0.1-mL dose of altrenogest (Regumate® Equine, Intervet, France) per os by means of a syringe for 15 days. Two embryos were transferred into each uterine horn by laparotomy at Day 3.5 and 4.5 after ovulation. Two types of pipettes were tested for embryo transfer: pulled glass pipettes approximately 0.3 mm in diameter in 2 female recipients and plastic open pulled straws (OPS, Minitüb®, Germany) in 3 recipients. Pregnancy diagnosis was detected by observation of no return to oestrus at Day 16 and confirmed by ultrasonography. None of the 3 OPS-transferred females were pregnant. One of the 2 pulled glass pipette–transferred females was diagnosed as pregnant and delivered 2 stillbirths (one per uterine horn). There were no postsurgical complications and the females undergoing embryo transfer returned to normal reproduction. We demonstrated that a classic surgical embryo transfer method is possible under field conditions to obtain pregnancy in this species. We suggest further studies using glass pipettes, which allow a more precise embryo deposition. Future experiments will incorporate the transfer of frozen-thawed embryos on a larger scale.

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Influence of Litter Size at Birth on Productive Parameters in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10112059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2059

Author(s):

Angela Edith Guerrero Pincay ◽

Raúl Lorenzo González Marcillo ◽

Walter Efraín Castro Guamàn ◽

Nelson Rene Ortiz Naveda ◽

Deyvis Angel Grefa Reascos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Litter Size ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Meat Production ◽

Cavia Porcellus ◽

Mixed Feeding ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Pig Meat ◽

Size At Birth

A study was conducted at the Escuela Superior Politècnica de Chimborazo, Ecuador, to evaluate the influence of litter size of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) on their development and to establish the economic profitability of the production system. Forty-eight animals were used, distributed into litters of two, three, and four rodents per litter, with a balanced diet and green fresh alfalfa for the weaning, growth, and fattening stage, the rodents and litters were randomly selected, applying the statistical model completely randomly and evaluating different variables across 120 days. The litters of three guinea pigs obtained the best productive responses and economic profitability. With respect to sex, the males presented better productive behavior, greater economic increase, and less cost, evidencing that mixed feeding influences the number of guinea pigs per birth in terms of growth and development. The results serve to improve guinea pig meat production for the rural population.

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The effects of dietary restriction and exercise on the volume of adipocytes in two intra-orbital depots in the guinea-pig

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19850028 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 207-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Christine A. Mattacks ◽

Caroline M. Pond

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Dietary Restriction ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Constant Volume ◽

Orbital Fat ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

The Mean

1. The volume of adipocytes in two intra-orbital sites and fourteen superficial and intra-abdominal sites, and the total adipocyte complement have been measured in virgin and reproductive guinea-pigs maintained on several different regimens of diet and exercise.2. The adipocytes around the ocular muscles at the back of the orbit (peripheral fat) are always larger than those just behind the eyeball (orbital fat).3. The adipocytes in both the intra-orbital sites are significantly larger in guinea-pigs whose total adipocyte complement is smaller than one standard deviation from the mean, than in those which have a normal-size or large adipocyte complement.4. The volume of intra-orbital adipocytes correlates very significantly with the volume of adipocytes in superficial and intra-abdominal sites in guinea-pigs which have large adipocyte complements, correlates weakly in those with normal adipocyte complements and not at all in those with small adipocyte complements.5. It is suggested that there may be fewer intra-orbital adipocytes in animals which have small adipocyte complements, and that, because the intra-orbital adipose tissue occupies a constant volume, the adipocytes in these sites become larger when they are less numerous.

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Genomic Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Adapted to the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Host

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.607747 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Craig T. Parker ◽

Kerry K. Cooper ◽

Francesca Schiaffino ◽

William G. Miller ◽

Steven Huynh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Host Specialization ◽

Whole Genome Sequence ◽

Gene Gain ◽

Cavia Porcellus ◽

Middle Income ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Genes Encoding

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide with excessive incidence in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). During a survey for C. jejuni from putative animal hosts in a town in the Peruvian Amazon, we were able to isolate and whole genome sequence two C. jejuni strains from domesticated guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). The C. jejuni isolated from guinea pigs had a novel multilocus sequence type that shared some alleles with other C. jejuni collected from guinea pigs. Average nucleotide identity and phylogenetic analysis with a collection of C. jejuni subsp. jejuni and C. jejuni subsp. doylei suggest that the guinea pig isolates are distinct. Genomic comparisons demonstrated gene gain and loss that could be associated with guinea pig host specialization related to guinea pig diet, anatomy, and physiology including the deletion of genes involved with selenium metabolism, including genes encoding the selenocysteine insertion machinery and selenocysteine-containing proteins.

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