Co-infection of Fasciola and Dicrocoelium in gall-bladder of cows butchered in Ibadan abattoir, Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
D.A. Oyebamiji ◽  
F.O.D. Sodeeq ◽  
P.E. Datti ◽  
A.A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sedimentation Technique

Fascioliasis and Dicrocoeliasis are significant helminthic diseases of ruminants, especially livestock. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, intensity and co-infection rate of Fasciola and Dicrocoelium species inside livestock butchered in Ibadan abattoir, Oyo State, Nigeria. 2100 gall-bladders were collected from the and inward substances macroscopically examined for adults and egg parasite prevalence. Adult parasites examined macroscopically while the bile sedimentation technique was used in determining the presence of parasite ova and the eggs were examined under the microscope. Data were analysed using statistical tools and the association between variables were done using t-test, and oneway Anova was used to compare the means of variables. Both adults and eggs of F. gigantica and D. hospes were recovered from the samples with the overall prevalence being 76.0%. Only 25 (25.0%) samples had a single infection of F. gigantica and 20 (20.0%) had D. hospes. Mixed infection was observed in 31.1% of the examined samples. The overall prevalence of each parasite revealed 56.0% and 50.0% for F. gigantica and D. hospes, respectively. The overall intensity (mean) of eggs was 1126 (11.26±20.08) eggs per 2ml of bile. The intensity of F. gigantica recorded 1010 (10.09±17.50) and D. hospes recorded 116 (1.22±2.46) eggs per 2ml of bile. This study gives the current state of rearing animals amid existing  government efforts to improve animal productivity and reduction in economic loss. Cattle deworming should be practised regularly. Furthermore, the improved method should be employed for the determination of the current status of Fasciola in co-infection withDicrocoelium and other helminth parasites of cattle in Oyo State. Keywords: Co-infection; Amosun abattoir; Gall-bladder; Cattle slaughtered; D. hospes

scholarly journals Measuring Stars with High Angular Resolution: Current Status and Future Prospects

1985 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
John Davis
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Stellar Interferometer ◽  
Current State ◽  
The University

The current state of knowledge of angular diameters of stars is reviewed and, based on this review and the requirements for the determination of surface fluxes, effective temperatures, radii and masses, targets of sensitivity, angular resolution and accuracy for future programs of stellar angular diameter measurements are established. Long baseline interferometry is the only technique with the potential to meet all the targets. The necessary improvements in sensitivity, angular resolution and accuracy are promised by the approach adopted in the modern Michelson stellar interferometer under development at the University of Sydney and the prototype instrument, which is currently nearing completion, is briefly described to illustrate how the atmospheric and mechanical problems which have inhibited the development of amplitude interferometry may be overcome using modern technology. This program together with the developments taking place at CERGA lead to the conclusion that the prospects for contributions by high angular resolution measurements to the determination of fundamental stellar quantities during the next decade are excellent.

CONCEPTUAL POSITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF EXISTING INEFFICIENT DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS

2017 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Ye.Ye. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Energy Management Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
District Heating Systems

The current situation in the sphere of district heating is analysed on the basis of use of the cognitive approach. The presence of closed chains of cause-effect relationships of negative factors and conflicts of target settings of the subjects in the field of district heating is shown. The conceptual model of energy efficient modernization of district heating systems is proposed. This model includes indicators of the current status of heat sources, networks and heat consumers, energetic and economic models, restrictions, procedure of forming and analysis of the mutual influence of the recommended projects. The quantitative data on indicators of the current state of district heating systems of the cities of Ukraine are presented. The interrelation between indicators of the current state and projects of energy efficient modernization of district heating systems is shown. Assessment of energy self-sufficiency of municipal district heating systems on condition of thermal modernization of buildings is carried out. The creation of energy management systems at the district heating enterprises is proposed. Bib. 6, Fig. 7, Tab. 5.

Review of the Current State and Future Development in Standardizing Natural Lighting in Interiors

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Darula
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Current State ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Window Design

Three elements mainly wind, water and sun seemed to determine in ancient ages the basic phenomena of life on Earth. Architectural history documented the importance of sun influence on urban and building construction already in layouts of Mesopotamian and Greek houses. Not only sun radiation but especially daylight played a significant role in the creation of indoor environment. Later, in the 20th century, a search of interaction between human life in buildings and natural conditions were studied considering well­being and energy conscious design recently using computer tools in complex research and more detail interdisciplinary solutions. At the same time the restricted daytime availability of natural light was supplemented by more efficient and continually cheaper artificial lighting of interiors. There are two main approaches to standardize the design and evaluation of indoor visual environment. The first is based on the determination of the minimum requirements respecting human health and visibility needs in all activities while the second emphasizes the behaviour and comfort of occupants in buildings considering year­around natural changes of physical quantities like light, temperature, noise and energy consumption. The new current standardization basis for daylight evaluation and window design criteria stimulate the study of methodology principles that historically were based on the overcast type of sky luminance pattern avoiding yearly availability of sky illuminance levels. New trends to base the daylight standardization on yearly or long­term availability of daylight are using the averages or median sky illuminance levels to characterise local climatological conditions. This paper offers the review and discussion about the principles of the natural light standardization with a short introduction to the history and current state, with a trial to focus on the possible development of lighting engineering and its standards in future.

SERUM TRIIODOTHYRONINE DETERMINATION BY SATURATION ANALYSIS

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Burger ◽  
B. Miller ◽  
C. Sakoloff ◽  
M. B. Vallotton
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurement ◽  
Tracer Amount ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
Solvent Blank

ABSTRACT An improved method for the determination of serum triiodothyronine (T3) has been developed. After addition of a tracer amount of the hormone, T3 was extracted from 1 ml serum under conditions of pH and ionic strength which favoured T3 extraction (89%) over thyroxine (T4) extraction (58%). Chromatography of the extracted material on Sephadex LH-20 separated T3 completely from residual T4. The T3 eluate was dried, then re-dissolved in 0.5 ml NaOH 0.04 n. To 0.2 ml duplicate aliquots, a standard amount of TBG was added for the competitive protein analysis. After one hour incubation at 4°C, separation of bound from free T3 was achieved on small Sephadex G-25 columns. Overall recovery was 67 ± 10.8% and correction for the loss was made. The solvent blank was 37 ± 27 (sd) ng/100 ml. Accuracy of measurement of known quantities of T3 added to serum was 98.4%. The coefficient of variation within the assay was 6.2% and between the assays it was 11.4%. The limit of detection (0.1 ng) corresponded to a concentration of 25 ng/100 ml. T4 added to serum did not interfere with T3 determination until high non-physiological values were reached. The mean ± sd serum T3 in 54 euthyroid subjects was 153 ± 58 ng/100 ml and in 24 hyperthyroid patients it was 428 ±186 ng/100 ml; 4 out of the 24 hyperthyroid values were within 2 sd of the mean euthyroid group. All the values found in the euthyroid group were well above the limit of detection of the method.

An Improved Method for the Determination of Metabolic Fecal P

1957 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Luick ◽  
G. P. Lofgreen
Keyword(s):  
Improved Method

Geobotanical studies at the Caucasus: a review of materials of the International Conference “Flora and conservation in the Caucasus: history and current state of knowledge” (Pyatigorsk, May 22–25, 2019)

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
T. M. Lysenko ◽  
V. Yu. Neshatayeva ◽  
Z. V. Dutova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Current State

The International conference “Flora and conservation in the Caucasus: history and current state of knowledge” dedicated to the 130-year anniversary of the Perkalsky Arboretum took place at 22–25 of May 2019 in Pyatigorsk (Stavropol Territory) on the base of the Pyatigorsk Museum of local lore and natural history. The participants were from 11 cities of Russia and 7 Republics of the Caucasus and represented 14 institutions. Proceedings of the conference were published by the beginning of the meeting the book of abstracts includes 49 papers on the study of vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and fungi, plant communities, as well as the protection of rare and endangered species, unique plant communities, and ecological problems in the Caucasus. The following geobotanical topics were highlighted in 13 papers: forest communities (3 reports), meadow and steppe vegetation (2), xeric open forests (2), communities of ecotone areas (1), structure of populations of rare plant species (3), as well as the history and current status of nature protected areas (2). The great emphasis has been focused on the study of floristic composition and plant populations. Thus, the conference showed that very few studies от vegetation are currently carried out in the Caucasus, and a lot of districts are not affected by the research. The greatest attention is paid to forest vegetation while meadow, steppe, alpine heath and xerophytic communities are studied rather poorly. Besides, there are “white spots” — mire, floodplain and aquatic vegetation. In nowadays, when the anthropogenic impact on the plant cover of the Caucasus is intensively increasing, it is especially important to study natural undisturbed communities preserved in protected natural areas. Another important issue is the conservation of the unique vegetation cover of the whole Caucasus. Thus, the study of vegetation of this region opens a wide field for researchers using various methods of modern plant science.

Disability as a social phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalia Guseva ◽  
Vitaliy Berdutin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consistent Solution ◽  
First Time

At present, the problem of establishing disability is a point at issue in Russia. Despite the fact that medical criteria for disability are being developed very actively, high-quality methods for assessing social hallmarks are still lacking. Since disability is a phenomenon inherent in any society, each state forms a social and economic policy for people with disabilities in accordance with its level of development, priorities and opportunities. We have proposed a three-stage model, which includes a system for the consistent solution of the main tasks aimed at studying the causes and consequences of the problems encountered today in the social protection of citizens with health problems. The article shows why the existing approaches to the determination of disability and rehabilitation programs do not correspond to the current state of Russian society and why a decrease in the rate of persons recognized as disabled for the first time does not indicate an improvement in the health of the population. The authors proposed a number of measures with a view to correcting the situation according to the results of the study.

Integrative Approach in Law Understanding: the History of the Origin of Ideas and the Current State

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
R. R. Palekha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fat Formulation

Introduction. Right understanding is the most live, interesting and, at the same time, the uncertain and changeable area of researches which takes the central place as in the general theory of the right, and gains the increasing value in industry jurisprudence that is connected with its considerable teoretiko-methodological and applied potential which is shown in spheres of lawmaking and law-enforcement activity. Thus, right understanding represents research tools of the subject of knowledge which allow to study all range legal and, the based on them, state phenomena for the purpose of obtaining reliable knowledge of state and legal reality. In this regard integrative approach in right understanding which has rich history of the formation and development is of special interest, allows to perceive the right as integrally complete phenomenon, as much as possible retrieves its regulatory abilities and, provides achievement of criteria of scientific research: comprehensiveness, objectivity, historicism. Materials and Methods. In article an attempt of the analysis of integrative approach in right understanding from a position of history of origin of his ideas and assessment of the current state is made. A result of studying of scientific literature, generalization and comparison of the different points of view fat formulation of author’s determination of category “right understanding” and submission of the evidence-based integrative theory of right understanding which as much as possible conforms to requirements of time and has essential regulatory and guarding potential. Results. In article the category right understanding is comprehensively considered, different integrative theories of right understanding from a position of their origin and development are submitted, the value of modern integrative approach in right understanding is shown, perspectives of its further development are evaluated. Discussion and Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion about the theoretical and methodological consistency and inevitability of the integrative approach in law understanding, which acts as a scientifically grounded type of legal thinking capable of comprehending the law on a truly scientific basis.

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