How consumption of unwashed fresh vegetables continued to serve as transmission avenues for Intestinal parasites in man

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
O.G. Ajakaye ◽  
E.T. Obimakinde
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parasitic Load

The spiking rate of occurrence of food-borne parasitic diseases in developing countries calls for continuous public health surveillance. This study evaluated how consumption of unwashed vegetables serves as transmission routes for parasites. Two hundred vegetables (cabbage, carrot, tomato, cucumber, and green pepper) samples from Ikoko, Oja oba, Eyin Ogbe and Ojomu markets in Owo and Oja-Oba, Shasha, Nepa and Ijomu markets within Akure were examined for parasites using sedimentation techniques from April to July, 2019. Results revealed a cumulative positive prevalence rate of 61.5% for parasites. Cabbage had the highest prevalence of 87.5% and the least prevalence of 30% amongst the carrots. The food-borne protozoa and helminths parasites of different developmental stages (cysts, eggs and larvae) recovered in this study were Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Strongyloides stercorali, Taenia spp., Enterobius vermicularis, Toxocara spp., Vampirolepis nana. The most common parasite was A. lumbricoides(21.3%) while the lowest prevalence rate was observed in Toxocara spp. and Vampirolepis nana(0.5%). It was observed that vegetables sampled from Owo markets appear to be more contaminated with most of the isolated parasites than samples from Akure markets with a significant difference (p>0.05). From the high parasitic load, there is the  need for monitoring the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in the study areas as residents in the areas are at risk of contracting intestinal parasitic infections through consumption of raw salad vegetables. Keywords: Parasite, vegetable, prevalence, Akure, Owo

scholarly journals Intestinal Parasitosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients Visiting Different Care Centers of Eastern Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Hemanta Khanal ◽  
Sanjita Bhujel
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Enteric Parasites ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Gastrointestinal parasitic infections are the major sources of diarrheal disease in developing countries and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients are at the most risk. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) in the HIV-infected individuals visiting different care centers of Morang and Sunsari districts. The present cross-sectional study was conducted from two different HIV rehabilitation centers and one antiretroviral therapy center from eastern Nepal. A semi structured questionnaires was provided to HIV patients and 149 stool specimens were collected to analyze macroscopically and microscopically for the presence of enteric parasites. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16. A total of 149 HIV seropositive patients with and without diarrhea were included in the study. Overall prevalence rate of enteroparasites was 19.46%. The prevalence rate of enteric parasites in HIV patients showed higher rate of protozoan infections (58.6%) than helminths (41.4%). High prevalence of parasitic infection was seen in male and also among male in the age groups of 31-40 years. The polyparasitism was not detected. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the level of infection of intestinal parasites between the HIV seropositive with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms and HIV seropositive without GIT symptoms. The enteric parasitic infections were detected in 19.46% among HIV seropositive patients. Early detection of enteric parasitic infections could help in the management and improvement of the quality of life for HIV-infected individuals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Food Handlers in Northwest Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davoud Balarak ◽  
Mohammad Jafari Modrek ◽  
Edris Bazrafshan ◽  
Hossein Ansari ◽  
Ferdos Kord Mostafapour
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Health Card ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City

Parasitic diseases are among the most important infectious diseases and pose health problems in many countries, most especially in developing countries. Workers at food centers could transmit parasitic infections in the absence of sanitation. This is a descriptive study conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food clerks in the city of Tabriz in 2014. Data was recorded in the offices of the health center for all food handlers who were referred to the laboratory for demographic and stool tests to receive the health card. Parasitic infection was observed in 172 cases (3.73%) of 4612 samples. A total of 156 positive samples (90.69%) were related to protozoa and 16 (9.3%) were related to helminthes. Most of the parasitic infections were related toGiardiaandEntamoeba coliand the lowest infection was related toH. nana. Also, there was a significant relationship between level of education and parasitic infection rate (P=0.0044). But there was no significant difference between the type of infection and amount of intestinal parasites. The results show that the prevalence of intestinal parasites, especially pathogenic protozoa, is common in some food handlers. Therefore, more sanitary controls are required and increasing of education will play a crucial role in improving the health of these people.

scholarly journals Intestinal Helminthes Parasite among Public and Private School Children of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Janak Raj Subedi ◽  
Krishna Prasad Gaire ◽  
Ravi Prasad Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Private School ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections

Background and Objectives: Gastrointestinal infections impose a great and often silent burden of morbidity and mortality on poor populations in developing countries. School age children are one of the groups at high-risk for intestinal parasitic infections. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence rate of intestinal helminthes parasites among private and public school children of Devdaha Municipality of Rupandehi district and to determine the association of prevalence with different risk factors. Material and methods: The study was carried out during June to July 2019. A total of 150 (75 from public and 75 from private school) stool samples were collected in clean, dry and screw capped plastic vials and were studied for the presence of intestinal helminthes parasites using direct smear method. Results: Overall parasitic prevalence rate was 18.66% (28/150). Prevalence rate was considerably higher in public school children (22.66%; 17/75) compared with private school (14.66%; 11/75) (P>0.05). The prevalence of helminthes parasitic infections was statistically independent with age and gender of the students (P>0.05). The current finding was maximum for single parasitic infection in both public (88.23%) and private (90.90%) school. Total four genera of parasites were identified. Among them, Ascaris lumbricoides was most common followed by Trichuris trichiura, Hookworms and Taenia sp. Conclusion: Transmissions of infections were generally due to poor sanitary habits, use of contaminated drinking water and improper disposal management. This study suggests the need of health education program in schools along with regular screening of intestinal parasites and periodic administration of anti-parasitic drugs for the effective management of the intestinal parasitic infections among school children in Nepal.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Schoolchildren of Kapan VDC, Kathmandu

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Upama KC ◽  
Shiva Kumar Rai ◽  
Shaila Basnyat ◽  
Milan Upreti
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Groundwater Source

The present study investigated the intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren of Kapan VDC, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 330 schoolchildren were included in this study. Stool samples collected in clean, dry, screw-capped plastic containers were examined by formal-ether sedimentation technique. A total of 134 samples (40.6%) were positive for some kind of intestinal parasites. The percentage of monoparasitism (67.9%) were higher than multiparasitism (32.1%). Giardia lamblia (17.8%) and Trichuris trichiura (3.6%) were the commonest protozoa and helminthes respectively. Girls were marginally more infected (41.4%) than boys (39.8%) (p>0.05). Children <5 years were more infected (80.0%) than 5-10 years (36.0%) (p=0.001). Prevalence of parasitic infection rate was higher in family size >5 (41.5%) than ≤5 (40.1%) (p=0.82). In ethnic wise distribution, incidence rate of parasites was higher in Dalits (71.4%) and the least in Indo-Aryans (33.1%) (p<0.05). Children drinking water from groundwater source had marginally lower prevalence rate (31.3%) than who used tap water (58.4%) (p<0.001). The higher infection rate (51.3%) was observed in children belonging to labour family and the least in the business family (33.3%) (p=0.032). The children who had taken anti-parasitic drug within past 6 months had lower prevalence rate (25%) than those who had not taken drugs (44.4%) (p=0.005). Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(1): 22-26

scholarly journals Contamination rate of commonly consumed fresh vegetables and fruits with parasites of medically importance in Wolkite and Butajira Towns of Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Fitsum Bekele ◽  
Teha Shumbej ◽  
Andamlak Dendir ◽  
Dereje Mesfin ◽  
Absra Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common on causes  of disease in humans, responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Commonly consumed raw vegetables and fruits are among the ways through which humans become infected with parasites of medical importance. A prospective cross-sectional study with an aim of describing the parasite contamination rate of raw fresh vegetables and fruits sold at the central open-aired market of Butajira and Wolkite towns, in southern Ethiopia was conducted on a total of 270 fresh vegetable and fruits samples. Standardized parasitological techniques were employed to detect diagnostic stages of parasites.98 out of the 270 (36.3%) samples were found positive for intestinal parasites. Remarkably, twenty eight out of the forty five cabbage samples analyzed, 62.2%, were found to be contaminated with parasites of medical importance, registering the highest level of contamination. On the contrary Avocado was found to be the least contaminated produce with contamination rate of 17.7% (8/45). Significant association was observed between the kind of vegetables analyzed and existence of parasites (p=0.002). This study identified high rate of contamination in commonly consumed vegetables and fruits. The authors believe that the role fruits and vegetables paly in the transmission of intestinal parasitic infections to humans is un questionable. Substantial attention is needed from all relevant bodies to tackle this problem.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitosis among Private School-Going Pupils of Dharan Submetropolitan City, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bijay Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Manita Tumbahangphe ◽  
Jenish Shakya ◽  
Anu Rai ◽  
Kabita Dhakal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Private School ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Nail Biting ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. Intestinal parasitic infections are most common and prevalent among children and accounts for great morbidity and mortality. Objective. This research is aimed at studying the prevalence and related risk factors of parasitic infections among private school-going pupils of Dharan Submetropolitan City. Methods and Materials. This was a cross-sectional laboratory-based study conducted from 13 November 2018 to 26 February 2019 among 400 private school pupils. The stool samples were collected and microscopically examined for parasites using the formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation technique. Data Analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 16.0. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to establish association between dependent and independent variables. The association was also determined using crude and adjusted odds ratio, and the test considered a P value < 0.05 as statistically significant with 95% confidence interval. Result. In this study, 46 (11.5%) children were positive for intestinal parasites. In this study, 3 protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica = 3 (0.75%)) and 43 helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides = 22 (5.5%); Enterobiusvermicularis = 6 (1.5%); Ancylostoma duodenale = 2 (0.5%); and Trichuris trichiura = 13 (3.25%)) were isolated and identified. Statistically, significant difference in the parasitic prevalence with respect to age and gender was not seen ( P > 0.05 ). However, the prevalence of parasitic infection was strongly associated with the ethnicity of the pupils ( P = 0.001 ). The strong associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections were nail-biting habit, source of drinking water, biannual deworming, thumb-sucking, hand sanitation before having food and after toilet, knowledge of parents on parasitosis, health and sanitation, keeping cat/dog as pet, and wearing protective shoes during play ( P = 0.001 ). Bowel syndromes like abdominal cramp and constipation also had a strong statistical association ( P = 0.001 ) with the prevalence of parasitic infection. According to binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the parents without awareness, pupils with a nail-biting habit, pupils not wearing shoes during play, lack of deworming, drinking direct tap water, and pupils with poor hand sanitation were more likely to be infested with intestinal parasitic infections. Conclusion. This study concludes that intestinal parasites are still prevalent among private school-going pupils of Dharan Submetropolitan City. The poor sanitation and sanitary habits like biting nails, consumption of untreated drinking water, and failure to practice proper hand washing were studied as contributors to the acquisition of intestinal parasitic infections. Therefore, integration of control measures such as provision of clean and safe drinking water, improved sanitation and hygiene, with biannual administration of drugs are necessary for effective eradication of parasitic infections.

What are Hidden Facts behind Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Ilam City?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
S. Viesy ◽  
J. Abdi ◽  
Z. Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are the one of the most common health problems in developing countries. Objective: A number of patients die annually due to complications caused by these parasites.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the rate and type of parasitic infections, determine the factors affecting them in Ilam city and also provide strategies to prevent them.In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in one of the Ilam labs in 2016, 417 stool specimens were randomly collected. All specimens were examined using direct and ethanol formaldehyde.Suspect specimens were examined using Trichrom staining. Demographic information was also recorded in a questionnaire, and finally the results were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 20.The data were then compared with Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 417 patients examined, 59 (14.1%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The type of parasitic infection in 9.4% was Blastocystis hominis, 3.6% Entamoeba coli, 0.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 0.5% Giardia and 0.2% Trichomonas hominis. Conclusion: Despite the improvement of public health, parasitic infections are still considered as one of the health problems in the city of Ilam. Therefore, proper planning, public health education, raising the level of health in the area and the provision of safe drinking water are some of the ways to reduce parasitic infections in the region.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Animaw ◽  
Addisu Melese ◽  
Habtamu Demelash ◽  
Girma Seyoum ◽  
Abiy Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are public health problems widely distributed in the world and cause significant morbidity and mortality; many of which occur among women of reproductive age. IPIs caused by helminthes and protozoan parasites are common among pregnant women. Data on the national pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors during pregnancy is not documented well in Ethiopia. This review aims at summarizing evidences on the burden of IPIs and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods Published and unpublished studies were thoroughly searched at MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane library and Science Direct. In addition, repositories of Addis Ababa, Gondar and Jimma Universities were searched. Eligible studies were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and summary odds ratios (ORs) were determined with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Sub-groups analyses were done based on study region, types of parasites, methods of stool examination and study setting. The statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0 software. Results Among 168 retrieved studies, 31 studies with a total population of 12,118 pregnant women were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 27.32 % (95 % CI: 20.61, 33.87 %). In the subgroup analysis, Oromia and Amhara regions had the highest prevalence with a 29.78 % (95 % CI: 15.97, 43.60) and 29.63 % (95 % CI: 15.37, 43.89); respectively. In addition, studies conducted in the community showed higher prevalence than institution based studies (49.93 % Vs 24.84 %; respectively). The most prevalent type of intestinal parasite identified were Hookworm followed by Ascaris lumbricoides with a pooled prevalence of 11.2 and 10.34 %, respectively. In our analysis; residence, being bare footed, lack of hand washing habit and eating uncooked/raw vegetables were significantly associated with IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Conclusions Prevalence of IPIs during pregnancy is relatively high in Ethiopia. Poor hygienic practices were identified as risk factors. Based on our finding, targeted preventive measures shall be considered so as to prevent morbidity and mortality due to IPIs.

scholarly journals Human Intestinal Parasites: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Grade School Children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kefale Shiferaw ◽  
Teklemichael Tesfay ◽  
Girmay Kalayu ◽  
Gebrehiwot Kiros
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Grade School ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in grade school children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia. Five species of intestinal parasites were identified with an overall prevalence of 155 (40.4%). Among these, Ascaris lumbricoides 122 (31.8%) and Entamoeba histolytica 18 (4.7%) were predominant. Of the total 155 (40.4%) positive individuals, 149 (39%) had a single infection and the rest 6 (1.6%) had double parasitic infections. Of the different variables assessed, age, gender, shoe wearing, and eating raw or undercooked vegetables were not significantly associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites ( P > 0.05 ). However, a statistically significant association ( P < 0.05 ) was observed between infected children and variables including defecation habit (AOR = 0.216), cleanliness of fingernails (AOR = 0.146), drinking river water (AOR = 0.124), and hand washing habit after defecation (AOR = 0.236) ( P < 0.05 ). Regular deworming, education on personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation to both students and their parents shall be implemented to reduce the prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infections in the study area.

scholarly journals National State Survey to identify the presence of intestinal parasitic infections of mixed randomized patients as prevention who attended the IMSS laboratory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Arcelia González-García ◽  
Claudia Hernández-Salas ◽  
Rosa Maria Martínez-Ortiz ◽  
Lilia González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis

Introduction: Nowadays in our state, intestinal parasitic diseases are still endemic, with a greater frequency in rural and mountainous urban areas. After the years have elapsed since the last national survey, it was necessary to carry out a new survey to know the prevalence rates of intestinal parasitosis and to compare the results obtained between both studies. Such knowledge would be of great value in developing health strategies and designing intestinal parasitic infection control programs. Objective: to determine the current prevalence rates of intestinal parasites, to compare the results with those of the survey obtained. Methods: a random cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during the months of December 2018 to March 2019 in a random sample of both sexes from the population of urban communities and the province of Zacatecas, Zac. Each one had a stool sample collected that was analyzed by the direct examination method, the Willis concentration technique, and the Kato-Katz examination; A questionnaire was also applied to them. Results: when comparing the results of the national and state surveys of intestinal parasitic infections carried out in 2009 and 2018, it was found that, in general, infections by parasites decreased, both helminths and pathogenic protozoa, although those infected with commensals increased their frequency in that of 2019. There was also a decrease in the frequency of infections by all species of soil-transmitted helminths, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostomideos, and Strongyloides stercoralis, as well as by the pathogenic protozoa Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolitica. Conclusions: when comparing the results of national and state surveys of intestinal parasite infections carried out in 2018 and 2019, it was found that in general the frequencies of infections with intestinal parasites decreased. The finding in both studies of a higher frequency of infection with parasites or commensals in the group aged 5 to 14 years (school age), supports the recommendation to place emphasis on control programs for intestinal parasites in this age group.

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