Design analysis of a microcontroller based Irrigation system

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
A.A. Okandeji ◽  
M.B. Olajide ◽  
A.A. Ponnle ◽  
D.S. Kuponiyi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Analysis

This work considers the design analysis of a low-cost microcontroller-based irrigation controller capable of managing irrigation for a small area of land based on real-time values of soil moisture and temperature. The method employed is to continuously monitor the soil moisture level to decide whether irrigation is needed, and how much water is needed in the soil. In particular, the microcontroller based circuit device performs the action of irrigation management. Specifically, it does this by continuously monitoring the moisture content of the soil, and comparing the values with two set reference values; the upper-limit, and lower-limit moisture content values, and then induces the corresponding action required. When the soil moisture content goes below the lower-limit value set by the user, the system observes this and begins irrigation action. Results obtained show that this design is cost-effective, and guarantees efficient water supply and effective labor management. Also, irrigation test results show that the duration of spray largely depends on the soil texture, grass identity and moisture content. In particular, sprinkler irrigation method in loamy soil took longer than in sandy soil, while clay soil irrigation took the longest time. Keywords: Automatic-Irrigation Controller, Irrigation, Microcontroller, Water-supply

scholarly journals SISTEMA WEB DE MANEJO DA IRRIGAÇÃO – SISMI

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Eduardo De Pieri Prando ◽  
Luis Sergio Vanzela ◽  
Karla Nascimento Sena ◽  
Guilherme Morais
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

SISTEMA WEB DE MANEJO DA IRRIGAÇÃO – SISMI EDUARDO DE PIERI PRANDO[1]; LUIZ SERGIO VANZELA2; KARLA NASCIMENTO SENA3 E GUILHERME MORAIS4 [1]Mestre, Professor Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo - IFSP, Votuporanga/SP, Email: [email protected] Doutor, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco - UNICASTELO, Fernandópolis/SP, Email: [email protected] Mestranda, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" Ilha Solteira/SP, Email: [email protected] Mestre, Professor Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo - IFSP, Votuporanga/SP, Email: [email protected].  1 RESUMO Como os atuais métodos de manejo da irrigação são de difícil aplicação e custo relativamente elevado para irrigantes de baixa renda, este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo de baixo custo denominado SISMI (Sistema Web de Manejo da Irrigação), para o controle da água pelo manejo da irrigação.A plataforma foi desenvolvidautilizando a IDE NetBeans com o módulo da linguagem PHP, adaptada para computadores e celulares.O aplicativo SISMI indica o momentoe calcula o tempo de irrigação de acordo com uma adaptação da metodologia do balanço hídrico para o controle da irrigação, tanto para sistemas de irrigação por aspersão quanto para localizada. Para isso, são utilizados dados do clima (temperatura máxima e mínima, e precipitação), dados do tipo de solo da área (textura ou capacidade média de água disponível), dados da planta (espécie, fase de desenvolvimento, fator de disponibilidade de água no solo e profundidade efetiva do sistema radicular) e do sistema de irrigação (método de irrigação, eficiência de aplicação, vazão do emissor e espaçamento). O aplicativo (disponível em http://www.sismmi.com.br/), proporciona aos usuários uma ferramenta capaz de auxiliá-los no controle da aplicação de água pelo manejo da irrigação via atmosfera, de forma simples, de baixo custo e confiável, com aumento da eficiência do uso da água e energia na irrigação. Palavras-chave: recursos hídricos,evapotranspiração, irrigação por aspersão, irrigação localizada. PRANDOE. P.; VANZELAL. S.; SENA K. N.; MORAIS G.SYSTEM WEB FOR MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION - SISMI  2 ABSTRACT As the current water management methods are difficult to apply and relatively high cost for low-income irrigators, this study aimed to develop a low cost single application SISMI (Web Management System of Irrigation), for control water for irrigation management. The platform was developed using NetBeans IDE with the module of the PHP language, adapted to computers and mobile phones. The application SISMI indicates the time, and calculates the time of irrigation according to an adaptation of the method of water balance control for irrigation, both irrigation sprinkler systems and for localized. For this, climate data are used (maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation), soil type data area (texture or medium capacity available water), plant data (type, developmental stage, water availability factor in soil and effective depth of the root system) and irrigation system (irrigation method, application efficiency, emitter flow and spacing). The application (available in http://www.sismmi.com.br/), provides users with a tool to assist them in controlling the application of water for irrigation management in the atmosphere, so simple, inexpensive and reliable, with increased efficiency of water use and energy in irrigation. Keywords: drip irrigation, evapotranspiration, sprinkler irrigation, water resources.

scholarly journals Designing Low-Cost Capacitive-Based Soil Moisture Sensor and Smart Monitoring Unit Operated by Solar Cells for Greenhouse Irrigation Management

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5387
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz M. Okasha ◽  
Hasnaa G. Ibrahim ◽  
Adel H. Elmetwalli ◽  
Khaled Mohamed Khedher ◽  
Zaher Mundher Yaseen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors

Precise and quick estimates of soil moisture content for the purpose of irrigation scheduling are fundamentally important. They can be accomplished through the continuous monitoring of moisture content in the root zone area, which can be accomplished through automatic soil moisture sensors. Commercial soil moisture sensors are still expensive to be used by famers, particularly in developing countries, such as Egypt. This research aimed to design and calibrate a locally manufactured low-cost soil moisture sensor attached to a smart monitoring unit operated by Solar Photo Voltaic Cells (SPVC). The designed sensor was evaluated on clay textured soils in both lab and controlled greenhouse environments. The calibration results demonstrated a strong correlation between sensor readings and soil volumetric water content (θV). Higher soil moisture content was associated with decreased sensor output voltage with an average determination coefficient (R2) of 0.967 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.014. A sensor-to-sensor variability test was performed yielding a 0.045 coefficient of variation. The results obtained from the real conditions demonstrated that the monitoring system for real-time sensing of soil moisture and environmental conditions inside the greenhouse could be a robust, accurate, and cost-effective tool for irrigation management.

scholarly journals Impacts of Legal and Institutional Changes on Irrigation Management Performance: A Case of the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elshaikh ◽  
Shi-hong Yang ◽  
Xiyun Jiao ◽  
Mohammed Elbashier
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Water Surplus ◽  
The Right

This study aims to offer a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of policies and institutional arrangements on irrigation management performance. The case study, the Gezira Scheme, has witnessed a significant decrease in water management performance during recent decades. This situation led to several institutional changes in order to put the system on the right path. The main organizations involved in water management at the scheme are the Ministry of Irrigation & Water Resources (MOIWR), the Sudan Gezira Board (SGB), and the Water Users Associations (WUAs). Different combinations from these organizations were founded to manage the irrigation system. The evaluation of these organizations is based on the data of water supply and cultivated areas from 1970 to 2015. The measured data were compared with two methods: the empirical water order method (Indent) that considers the design criteria of the scheme, and the Crop Water Requirement (CWR) method. Results show that the MOIWR period was the most efficient era, with an average water surplus of 12% compared with the Indent value, while the most critical period (SGB & WUAs) occurred when the water supply increased by 80%. The other periods of the Irrigation Water Corporation (IWC), (SGB & MOIWR), and (WUAs & MOIWR) had witnessed an increase in water supply by 29%, 63%, and 67% respectively. Through these institutional changes, the percentage of excessive water supply jumped from 12% to 80%. Finally, the study provides general recommendations associated with institutional arrangements and policy adoption to improve irrigation system performance.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Filter in Field Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
K. Nagarajan ◽  
S. Ramya ◽  
T. Thangamani ◽  
A. Selvaperumal ◽  
T. Arthi
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Filtration Unit ◽  
Solids Removal ◽  
Media Layer

The parameters require for maintaining the crop's health and the integrity of the irrigation system has a relation with quality of irrigation water. In Micro irrigation appropriate filtration is very much important to prevent clogging. Filtration unit is one of the main components in micro irrigation system that too, Primary filter is more important to be installed along with the unit, when the water source is from open reservoir and other water sources. Though it is essential, the primary filter is not being installed by the farmers due to its high cost. Hence this study is an attempt to fabricate low-cost filter and to evaluate its performance with different filter media layer. A low-cost primary filter for drip irrigation system is fabricated. Different filter media layer like silex sand (fine silex, coarse silex), pebbles with different sizes are selected. The results revealed that the removal efficiency of filter using silex sand and pebbles were 71% in terms of turbidity, 78% in terms of total suspended solids removal at flow rate of 12 m3 /hr. This fabricated low-cost filter will be cost effective for small farm applications.

scholarly journals Effects of Shell and Low Moisture Content on Peanut Seed Longevity

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kameswara Rao ◽  
D. V. S. S. R. Sastry ◽  
P. J. Bramel
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
High Germination

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm accessions in ICRISAT genebank are conserved as pods under medium-term conditions (4 C and 30% RH). Pod storage requires far greater space than seed storage and is more likely to be expensive, especially in a controlled environment. With the objective to evolve cost effective strategies for conservation, the survival of in-shell and shelled seeds of two peanut cultivars, ICGS 76 (virginia bunch) and JL24 (spanish), was studied under three different storage conditions— ambient (20-40 C and 30-80% RH), short term (23-25 C and 40-50% RH), and medium term (4 C and 30% RH). In-shell seeds had marginally greater longevity than shelled seed in all storage conditions. The differences in time for regeneration of in-shell and shelled seeds stored under medium term conditions were estimated to be less than 4 mo for both the cultivars. Because of the much reduced volume required for storage and the insignificant differences in regeneration interval, conservation of shelled seeds would be highly cost-effective under the controlled environmental conditions, as compared to in-shell seeds. Since storage at very low moisture contents was suggested as a simple and low cost option for conservation of seed lots required for short-term use, the longevity of peanut seeds (cv. ICGS 76) hermetically sealed with 3.6% moisture content was studied in comparison with seeds held at 5.8% moisture. The studies showed that peanut seeds hermetically stored at room temperature (23-25 C) with low moisture content (below 4%) could retain high germination (> 85%) for up to 8 yr.

Soil moisture distribution mapping in topsoil and its effect on maize yield

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Milics ◽  
Attila J. Kovács ◽  
Attila Pörneczi ◽  
Anikó Nyéki ◽  
Zoltán Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Distribution Mapping

AbstractSoil moisture content directly influences yield. Mapping within field soil moisture content differences provides information for agricultural management practices.In this study we aimed to find a cost-effective method for mapping within field soil moisture content differences. Spatial coverage of the field sampling or TDR method is still not dense enough for site-specific soil management. Soil moisture content can be calculated by measuring the apparent soil electrical conductivity (Soil moisture map was also compared to yield map showing correlation (

scholarly journals Controlled sprinkler irrigation system for agricultural plant cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
P Satriyo ◽  
I S Nasution ◽  
D V Della
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Controlling System

Abstract In recent decades, precision agriculture and smart farming have become promising issues particularly in the industrial revolution era 4.0. The main objective of this presented paper is to apply the optimized controlling system developed by means of Internet of things for controlling sprinkler irrigation systems used for agricultural product cultivation where in this study, we used shallot plants. The controlling systems were established by designing hardware and software used to monitor water distribution in sprinkler irrigation for onion plants during five initial days of cultivation. The result showed that controlled irrigation can optimize and monitor all plant growth indicators namely soil moisture, temperature, air humidity and water discharge and be able to carry out watering according to the desired level of soil moisture. It may conclude that a controlled sprinkler irrigation system can be applied as a part of precision agriculture practice in order to enhance production and sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals An autonomous economical and efficient ureteroscopic irrigation system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengteng Wang ◽  
Xiude Chen ◽  
Qinghua Xia ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xunbo Jin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Flexible Ureteroscopy ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Extension Tube

Abstract Background In recent years, the minimally invasive technique for treating nephrolithiasis has been developed rapidly. Particularly, the flexible ureteroscopy has been extensively applied. For flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy, the perfusion equipment is necessary to ensure a clear intraoperative field of view. This study was aimed to prepare a set of economical and efficient ureteroscopic irrigation system by some commonly used devices in clinical diagnosis and treatment practice. Methods In this study, according to requirements of the endoscopic surgery, the infusion apparatus, infusion apparatus extension tube, three-way plug valve, Luer one-way valve, ordinary syringe, and negative pressure spring were used to assemble the irrigation system with different functions. Results The autonomous perfusion device realized the real-time conversion of manual injection, continuous perfusion or negative pressure suction. The entire equipment has many advantages, including easily accessible raw materials, low cost, simple assembly process, easy operation, strong controllability, effective control ability for the intrarenal pressure, and high safety. Conclusions The commonly used medical devices were applied to assemble the autonomous ureteroscopic irrigation system, which is flexible, simple and cost-effective and thus can be applied in flexible ureteroscopic surgery.

scholarly journals Temporal stability of soil moisture in banana cropping area in the Brazilian semiarid region

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 852-859
Author(s):  
Diego C. dos S. Araújo ◽  
Suzana M. G. L. Montenegro ◽  
Abelardo A. de A. Montenegro ◽  
Daniella P. dos Santos ◽  
Renato A. S. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Production Knowledge ◽  
Banana Leaves

ABSTRACT Soil moisture is essential for agricultural production. Knowledge on its spatial-temporal variability is indispensable to support agriculture, and it is strongly influenced by cultural practices, soil cover conditions and irrigation methods. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the temporal stability and spatial distribution of soil moisture as a function of the use of banana leaves as soil cover in a plot under conventional sprinkler irrigation and cultivated with banana in the Brazilian semiarid region. The study area was divided in two sectors, with and without covering using banana leaves. Soil moisture was monitored before and after irrigation, at 16 times, using FALKER HidroFarm sensors installed on a transect with 11 units spaced by 8 m, in each sector. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, temporal stability and Spearman correlation test. The morphology of the banana leaves and the irrigation system used contributed to lower soil moisture in the covered sector at all monitoring times. Variations in the physical-hydraulic properties of the soil promoted variations in soil moisture with the position of the sensors in the ground. The temporal stability technique allowed the identification of points that represent the mean behavior of soil moisture throughout the area. The use of banana leaf residues caused less soil wetting using sprinkler irrigation, indicating the need to pre-grind the material or use localized irrigation systems, practices that are not very accessible to small farmers.

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