SISTEMA WEB DE MANEJO DA IRRIGAÇÃO – SISMI

SISTEMA WEB DE MANEJO DA IRRIGAÇÃO – SISMI EDUARDO DE PIERI PRANDO[1]; LUIZ SERGIO VANZELA2; KARLA NASCIMENTO SENA3 E GUILHERME MORAIS4 [1]Mestre, Professor Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo - IFSP, Votuporanga/SP, Email: [email protected] Doutor, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco - UNICASTELO, Fernandópolis/SP, Email: [email protected] Mestranda, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" Ilha Solteira/SP, Email: [email protected] Mestre, Professor Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo - IFSP, Votuporanga/SP, Email: [email protected]. 1 RESUMO Como os atuais métodos de manejo da irrigação são de difícil aplicação e custo relativamente elevado para irrigantes de baixa renda, este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo de baixo custo denominado SISMI (Sistema Web de Manejo da Irrigação), para o controle da água pelo manejo da irrigação.A plataforma foi desenvolvidautilizando a IDE NetBeans com o módulo da linguagem PHP, adaptada para computadores e celulares.O aplicativo SISMI indica o momentoe calcula o tempo de irrigação de acordo com uma adaptação da metodologia do balanço hídrico para o controle da irrigação, tanto para sistemas de irrigação por aspersão quanto para localizada. Para isso, são utilizados dados do clima (temperatura máxima e mínima, e precipitação), dados do tipo de solo da área (textura ou capacidade média de água disponível), dados da planta (espécie, fase de desenvolvimento, fator de disponibilidade de água no solo e profundidade efetiva do sistema radicular) e do sistema de irrigação (método de irrigação, eficiência de aplicação, vazão do emissor e espaçamento). O aplicativo (disponível em http://www.sismmi.com.br/), proporciona aos usuários uma ferramenta capaz de auxiliá-los no controle da aplicação de água pelo manejo da irrigação via atmosfera, de forma simples, de baixo custo e confiável, com aumento da eficiência do uso da água e energia na irrigação. Palavras-chave: recursos hídricos,evapotranspiração, irrigação por aspersão, irrigação localizada. PRANDOE. P.; VANZELAL. S.; SENA K. N.; MORAIS G.SYSTEM WEB FOR MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION - SISMI 2 ABSTRACT As the current water management methods are difficult to apply and relatively high cost for low-income irrigators, this study aimed to develop a low cost single application SISMI (Web Management System of Irrigation), for control water for irrigation management. The platform was developed using NetBeans IDE with the module of the PHP language, adapted to computers and mobile phones. The application SISMI indicates the time, and calculates the time of irrigation according to an adaptation of the method of water balance control for irrigation, both irrigation sprinkler systems and for localized. For this, climate data are used (maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation), soil type data area (texture or medium capacity available water), plant data (type, developmental stage, water availability factor in soil and effective depth of the root system) and irrigation system (irrigation method, application efficiency, emitter flow and spacing). The application (available in http://www.sismmi.com.br/), provides users with a tool to assist them in controlling the application of water for irrigation management in the atmosphere, so simple, inexpensive and reliable, with increased efficiency of water use and energy in irrigation. Keywords: drip irrigation, evapotranspiration, sprinkler irrigation, water resources.

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Design analysis of a microcontroller based Irrigation system

Nigerian Journal of Technological Research ◽

10.4314/njtr.v15i2.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 13-21

Author(s):

A.A. Okandeji ◽

M.B. Olajide ◽

A.A. Ponnle ◽

D.S. Kuponiyi

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Water Supply ◽

Lower Limit ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Design Analysis

This work considers the design analysis of a low-cost microcontroller-based irrigation controller capable of managing irrigation for a small area of land based on real-time values of soil moisture and temperature. The method employed is to continuously monitor the soil moisture level to decide whether irrigation is needed, and how much water is needed in the soil. In particular, the microcontroller based circuit device performs the action of irrigation management. Specifically, it does this by continuously monitoring the moisture content of the soil, and comparing the values with two set reference values; the upper-limit, and lower-limit moisture content values, and then induces the corresponding action required. When the soil moisture content goes below the lower-limit value set by the user, the system observes this and begins irrigation action. Results obtained show that this design is cost-effective, and guarantees efficient water supply and effective labor management. Also, irrigation test results show that the duration of spray largely depends on the soil texture, grass identity and moisture content. In particular, sprinkler irrigation method in loamy soil took longer than in sandy soil, while clay soil irrigation took the longest time. Keywords: Automatic-Irrigation Controller, Irrigation, Microcontroller, Water-supply

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Favelas no município de São Paulo: estimativas de população para os anos de 1991, 1996 e 2000

Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais ◽

10.22296/2317-1529.2003v5n1p15 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eduardo Marques ◽

Haroldo Da Gama Torres ◽

Camila Saraiva

Keyword(s):

Urban Space ◽

Low Income ◽

Low Cost ◽

Census Bureau ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Population Estimates ◽

São Paulo ◽

City Population ◽

Fast Pace ◽

Relative Decline

Em muitas cidades brasileiras as favelas representam a principal alternativa habitacional para as populações de baixa renda há várias décadas, mas na cidade de São Paulo esta solução habitacional não merecia destaque até os anos 70. A sua importância, entretanto, cresceu muito, recentemente, pela insuficiência das políticas estatais e devido à redução da presença relativa dos loteamentos clandestinos. Se a importância do problema é consensual, o seu tamanho tem sido objeto de debate. Este artigo objetiva rever as estimativas de população favelada em São Paulo. Desenvolvemos uma nova metodologia de baixo custo, potencialmente aplicável em outros contextos urbanos. O método se baseia em sistema de informações geográficas, permitindo estimar a população ao comparar as cartografias da Prefeitura de São Paulo com os setores censitários dos Censos Demográficos (IBGE).Palavras-chave: favelas; estimativas populacionais; políticas de habitação; espaço urbano; São Paulo. Shantytowns in São Paulo city: population estimates for 1991, 1996 and 2000Abstract: In several Brazilian cities, the shantytowns represent the most important housing alternative for low income social groups, but in the city of São Paulo this precarious solution was not very important until the decade of 1970. However, its importance grew recently at a fast pace, due to the inefficiency of the state policies and to the relative decline of the presence of the irregular settlements. If the relevance of the problem is a consensus in the urban studies literature, its size has been object of an intense debate. This article aims reviewing the estimates for the population of the shantytowns in São Paulo. We develop a low cost methodology, of potential application in other cities. The method is based in geographic information systems, allowing us to estimate the population through the comparison between the administrative cartographies of the Municipality of São Paulo and the census tracts of the census bureau (IBGE). Keywords: shantytowns; population estimates; housing policies; urban space; São Paulo.

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Anemia and dementia among the elderly: the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610211001724 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Itamar S. Santos ◽

Márcia Scazufca ◽

Paulo A. Lotufo ◽

Paulo R. Menezes ◽

Isabela M. Benseñor

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Health Study ◽

São Paulo ◽

Total Blood ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship ◽

Life Function

ABSTRACTBackground: Anemia and dementia are common diseases among the elderly, but conflicting data are available regarding an association between these two conditions. We analyzed data from the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study to address the relationship between anemia and dementia.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included participants aged 65 years and older from a deprived area of the borough of Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. Data about demographics, education, income, and cognitive and daily life function were collected, as well as blood samples. Anemia and dementia were defined according to WHO and DSM-IV criteria, respectively.Results: Of the 2267 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria, 2072 agreed to participate in the study; of whom 1948 had a valid total blood count and were included in the analysis. Anemia was diagnosed in 203 (10.2%) participants and dementia in 99 (5.1%). The frequency of anemia was higher in patients with dementia according to univariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–3.41, p = 0.01), but this association was not present after adjusting for age (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.76–2.33, p = 0.32). Further multivariate adjustment did not change the results.Conclusion: Although anemia and dementia are frequent disorders in older people, we found their relationship to be mediated exclusively by aging in this low-income population from São Paulo.

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O acesso vertiginoso na aquisição de máscaras faciais e suas repercussões na saúde pública e de populações vulneráveis/The vertiginous access in the acquisition of face masks and their repercussions on pubic health and vulnerable populations

Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO ◽

10.47222/2526-3544.rbto34127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 380-388

Author(s):

Andreia Faranha Da Conceição ◽

Alan Patricio Da Silva ◽

Luana Dias De Vargas ◽

Marjorie Heloise Maruchi ◽

Andreia Zarzour Abou Hala Corrêa

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Vulnerable Populations ◽

Social Vulnerability ◽

Low Cost ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Pharmaceutical Interventions

Introdução: A infeção por COVID-19, ocasionou um colapso nas relações cotidianas, principalmente aos maiores de 60 anos e pessoas com doenças pré-existentes. Foram necessárias intervenções não farmacêuticas à toda população. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um recurso de baixo custo para grupos em situação de vulnerabilidade social da região do ABC Paulista, São Paulo. Método: Foi desenvolvido um modelo de máscara com materiais acessíveis e de fácil confecção: TNT, amarilho e elástico de borracha natural. Resultados: O processo para confecção foi realizado em 8 etapas: marcação, corte, fixados os arames e os elásticos, feita as pregas, costuradas e embaladas. Foram confeccionadas 100 máscaras. Conclusão: A confecção de máscaras para compartilhamento com pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social é uma alternativa para minimizar os riscos de infecção e promover algum tipo de assistência, portanto uma alternativa viável no combate a propagação da pandemia de COVID-19. AbstractIntroduction: The infection by COVID-19, caused a breakdown in everyday relationships, especially for those over 60 and people with pre-existing diseases. Non-pharmaceutical interventions were required for the entire population. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a low-cost resource for groups in situations of social vulnerability in the ABC Paulista region, São Paulo. Method: A mask model was developed with accessible and easy-to-manufacture materials: TNT, yellowing and natural rubber elastic. Results: The process for making was carried out in 8 stages: marking, cutting, the wires and elastics were fixed, the pleats were made, sewn and packed. 100 masks were made. Conclusion: The making of masks for sharing with people in a situation of social vulnerability is an alternative to minimize the risks of infection and promote some type of assistance, therefore a viable alternative in combating the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.Key words: occupational therapy, facial masks, low cost technology, pandemic, risk groups, Coronavirus. ResumenIntroducción: La infección por COVID-19 causó un colapso en las relaciones cotidianas, especialmente para las personas mayores de 60 años y las personas con enfermedades preexistentes. Se requirieron intervenciones no farmacéuticas para toda la población. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un recurso de bajo costo para grupos en situaciones de vulnerabilidad social en la región del ABC Paulista. Método: Se desarrolló un modelo de máscara con materiales accesibles y fáciles de fabricar: TNT, amarillamiento y goma elástica natural. Resultados: El proceso de fabricación se llevó a cabo en 8 etapas: se marcaron, cortaron, se fijaron los alambres y los elásticos, se fabricaron, cosieron y empaquetaron los pliegues. Se hicieron 100 máscaras. Conclusión: la creación de máscaras para compartir con personas en situación de vulnerabilidad social es una alternativa para minimizar los riesgos de infección y promover algún tipo de asistencia, por lo tanto, una alternativa viable para combatir la propagación de la pandemia de COVID-19.Palabras clave: terapia ocupacional, mascarillas, tecnología de bajo costo, pandemias, grupos de riesgo, coronavirus.

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EVALUATION OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS AND LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa, L.) YIELD RELATED TO GEOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION OF POLYETHYLENE GREENHOUSES

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2002v7n3p176-184 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 176-184

Author(s):

Cláudio Marcio Pereira de Souza ◽

Antonio Evaldo Klar ◽

Luiza Helena Duenhas

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Lettuce Plant ◽

Plant Yield ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Engineering Department ◽

Meteorological Elements

EVALUATION OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS AND LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa, L.) YIELD RELATED TO GEOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION OF POLYETHYLENE GREENHOUSES Cláudio Márcio Pereira de SouzaAntonio Evaldo Klar*Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, State University of São Paulo, P.O. 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu – SP. E-mail: [email protected]* Scientific Researcher of CNPqLuiza Helena DuenhasEMBRAPA Semi Árido, P.O. 23, CEP 56300–970, Petrolina – PE. 1 ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Engineering Department, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu–SP aiming to study the geographic orientation influence of two plastic tunnels (East/West and North/South based on the magnetic North) on lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa L, cv. Elisa) behavior and on the evaporation distribution uniformity inside the tunnels. The plants were sowed on 05/05/1999, transplanted on 05/29/1999 and harvested on 06/31/1999. Tensiometers were used to monitore soil water potentials. A drip irrigation system was used. Both tunnels received A Class pan and thermohygrographes in the center and 3 m apart small evaporimeters set at 3 heights (0.50 m, 1.00 m and 1.50 m). Through geostatistical analysis, there was not neither spatial dependency nor spatial variability of evaporation in both tunnels. However, the height of evaporimeters showed statistical differences: the 1.50 m height evaporimeter had slower evaporation than those from other heights. The air temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit averages were not statistically significant in both greenhouses when they were compared to those from the outside. A Class pan evaporation values were higher outside the tunnels than inside them, but there were no differences between both tunnels for this variable. The lettuce plant yield was not influenced by tunnel orientation, but there were significant differences on plant yield among beds inside each tunnel. Keywords: evaporation, irrigation, greenhouse. SOUZA, C. M. P., KLAR, A. E., DUENHAS, L. H. AVALIAÇÃO DE ELEMENTOS METEOROLÓGICOS E PRODUÇÃO DE ALFACE (Lactuca sativa L.) AFETADOS PELA ORIENTAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DE ESTUFAS DE POLIETILENO. 2 RESUMO O experimento foi realizado na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – Unesp/Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, em duas estufas dispostas em diferentes orientações geográficas, Leste/Oeste e Norte/Sul. A alface (Lactuva sativa L.) cv. Elisa foi cultivada em ambas estufas, sendo semeada em 05/05/99, transplantada em 29/05/99 e colhida em 31/06/99. Utilizou-se tensiômetros para monitorar o potencial de água no solo para realizar o manejo do sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. Microevaporímetros eqüidistantes de 3 m e colocados em 3 alturas, 0.50, 1.00 e 1.50 m, termohigrógrafos e tanques Classe “A” foram instalados nas duas estufas. Através de análise geoestatística, não se observou dependência espacial nem variabilidade espacial da evaporação nas duas estufas. Entretanto, a altura dos evaporímetros apresentou diferenças significativas: a evaporação à altura de 1.50 foi menor que nas outras duas.As médias de temperatura, umidade relativa e déficit de pressão de vapor do arnão diferiram estatisticamente entre as estufas e o ambiente externo. Os valores médios de evaporação de água no tanque Classe “A” instalado fora das estufas diferiram estatisticamente quando comparados com os instalados no interior das estufas, porém, entre as orientações não se constatou diferença significativa. Pôde-se verificar que não houve diferença significativa das características agronômicas da alface em ambas orientações estudadas. No entanto, houve diferença significativa para essas características entre os canteiros no interior das mesmas, havendo variância espacial para os dados de matéria fresca apenas na estufa N/S. UNITERMOS: evaporação, irrigação, estufa.

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DESIGN OF MICROIRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN SLOPING LANDS USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2002v7n3p214-225 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 214-225

Author(s):

João Carlos Cury Saad ◽

Miguel A Mariño

Keyword(s):

Linear Programming ◽

Annual Cost ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Pressure Head ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

Hydraulic Network ◽

São Paulo State ◽

E Mail

DESIGN OF MICROIRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN SLOPING LANDSUSING LINEAR PROGRAMMING[1] João CarlosCury SaadDepartment of Rural Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, P.O. 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu, SP. E-mail: [email protected] A. MariñoDepartment of Land, Air and Water Resources and Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 1 Summary When the area to be irrigated has a high slope gradient in the manifold line direction, an option is to use a tappered pipeline to reduce pipe costs and keep pressure head variations within desired limits. The purpose of this paper was to develop a linear programming model to design a microirrigation system with tappered manifold lines in downhill condition, minimizing the equivalent annual cost of hydraulic network and the energy annual cost, and assuring that the maximum variation in the pressure head previously established will be observed. The input data are: irrigation system layout, cost of all hydraulic network components and energy cost. The output are: equivalent annual cost, pipeline diameter in each line of the system, pressure head in each node, and total operating pressure head. To illustrate its capability, the model was applied in a citrus orchard in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The model proved to be efficient in the design of the irrigation system in terms of emission uniformity desired. The pumping annual cost must be considered in the microirrigation system design because it yields a lower total annual cost when compared with the same alternative without that cost. Keywords: linear programming, optimization, slope land, micro irrigation SAAD, J. C. C.; MARIÑO, M. A. DIMENSIONAMENTO DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR MICROASPERSÃO EM ÁREAS COM DECLIVIDADE UTILIZANDO PROGRAMAÇÃO LINEAR 2 Resumo Quando a área a ser irrigada apresenta um elevado gradiente de declive na direção das linhas de derivação, uma opção de dimensionamento é o uso de tubulações com vários diâmetros para economizar no custo e também para manter a variação de pressão dentro dos limites desejados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo de programação linear para dimensionar sistemas de irrigação por microaspersão com linhas de derivação com mais de um diâmetro e operando em declive, visando a minimização do custo anualizado da rede hidráulica e do custo anual com energia elétrica, além de assegurar que a máxima variação de carga hidráulica na linha será respeitada. Os dados de entrada são: configuração da rede hidráulica do sistema de irrigação, custo de todos os componentes da rede hidráulica e custo da energia. Os dados de saída são: custo anual total, diâmetro da tubulação em cada linha do sistema, carga hidráulica em cada ponto de derivação e altura manométrica total. Para ilustrar a potencialidade do modelo desenvolvido, ele foi aplicado em um pomar de citros no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O modelo demonstrou ser eficiente no dimensionamento do sistema de irrigação quanto à obtenção da uniformidade de emissão desejada. O custo anual com bombeamento deve ser considerado no dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação por microaspersão porque ele gera menores valores de custo anual total quando comparado com a mesma alternativa que não considera aquele custo. UNITERMOS: programação linear, otimização, declividade, microaspersão

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COVID-19 pandemic impact on dentists in Latin America’s epicenter: São-Paulo, Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0256092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0256092

Author(s):

Tatiane Fernandes Novaes ◽

Maisa Camillo Jordão ◽

Carlos Felipe Bonacina ◽

André Oswaldo Veronezi ◽

Carlos Ariel Rodrigues de Araujo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Low Income ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Financial Impact ◽

São Paulo ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

The Impact

The state of São Paulo, Brazil, where more than 94.000 dentists are currently registered, has become the epicenter of COVID-19 in Latin America. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dentists in this state. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent via e-mail to 93.280 dentists with active registration in the Dental Council of São Paulo (CROSP). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic was assessed through questions related to demographic, socioeconomic, dental practice characteristics and personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between all the variables (p<0.05). Over 8 days, 2113 responses were received. Only 26.52% of the sample reported a low-income reduction (from 0–10%), while the majority of dentists reported a more negative financial impact, 35.6% with a reduction of more than 50% of their monthly income. Dentists who worked in the private sector and at the capital had a greater financial impact when compared to those of the public sector and countryside of the state (p<0.05). Furthermore, about 83% reported not having received any specific training to control the transmission of coronavirus in the health area. This study provides evidence of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the routine of dentists in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Hopefully, this study will help dental and other health care professionals to better understand the consequences of disease in dental settings and strengthen preparedness throughout the dental health care system.

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How the ‘plates’ of a health system can shift, change and adjust during economic recessions. A qualitative interview study of public and private health providers in Brazil’s São Paulo and Maranhão states

10.31235/osf.io/qtgux ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giuliano Russo ◽

Maria Luiza Levi Paim ◽

Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto e Alves ◽

Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de Oliveira ◽

Ruth Helena de Souza Britto Ferreira de Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

Access To Care ◽

Health Systems ◽

Low Income ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Public And Private ◽

Qualitative Interview Study ◽

Economic Recessions ◽

The Impact

Background. Economic recessions carry an impact on population health and access to care; less is known on how health systems adapt to the conditions brought by a downturn. This particularly matters now that the COVID-19 epidemic is putting health systems under stress. Brazil is one of the world’s most affected countries, and its health system was already living the aftermath of the 2015 recession. Methods. Between 2018 and 2019 we conducted 46 semi-structured interviews with health practitioners, managers and policy-makers to explore the impact of the 2015 recession on public and private providers in prosperous (São Paulo) and impoverished (Maranhão) states in Brazil. Thematic analysis was employed to identify drivers and consequences of system adaptation and coping strategies. Nvivo software was used to aid data collection and analysis. We followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research to provide an account of the findings.Results. We found the concept of ‘health sector crisis’ to be politically charged among healthcare providers in São Paulo and Maranhão. Contrary to expectations, the public sector was reported to have found ways to compensate for diminishing federal funding, having outsourced services and adopted flexible – if insecure – working arrangements. Following a drop in employment and health plans, private health insurance companies streamlined their offer, at times at the expenses of coverage. Low-cost walk-in clinics were hit hard by the recession, but also credited for having moved to cater for higher-income customers in Maranhão.Conclusions. The ‘plates’ of a health system may shift and adjust in unexpected ways in response to recessions, and some of these changes might outlast the crisis. As low-income countries enter post-COVID recessions, it will be important to monitor the adjustments taking place in health systems, to ensure that past gains in access to care and job security are not eroded.

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CENÁRIO DA ÁREA IRRIGADA POR PIVÔ CENTRAL NO TRIANGULO MINEIRO, NO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i6.5864 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 613 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Soares Ferreira ◽

Wilian Rodrigues Ribeiro ◽

Morgana Scaramussa Gonçalves ◽

Andre Alves Pinheiro ◽

Ramon Amaro Sales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Satellite Images ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Knowledge Bases ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

São Paulo ◽

Irrigated Area ◽

System Water

A agricultura irrigada no Brasil cresceu mais de 40% nos últimos 20 anos, representando uma área de 4,4 milhões de ha, com a região Sudeste representando 47% deste total. O método de irrigação por pivô é o que mais cresce, com os estados de Minas Gerais, Goiás, Bahia e São Paulo concentrando cerca de 80% da área ocupada pela tecnologia. Neste cenário, a atualização das informações torna-se fundamentais pois criarão bases de conhecimento que irão ajudar estabelecer diretrizes para adoção e planejamento de políticas públicas que venham a contribuir para o uso estratégico dos recursos hídricos. Foi realizado fotointerpretação na escala de 1:1000, em imagens satélite da plataforma Google EarthTM Pro, para identificação do equipamento e obtenção de sua área de ocupação. Com os dados coletados realizou-se análises em função dos municípios, microrregiões e bacias hidrográficas. Atualmente, estima-se uma área irrigada de 134.741,11 hectares e 2.301 pivôs centrais. Os municípios de Rio Paranaíba (302), Perdizes (164), Santa Juliana (135), Uberaba (120) e Patos de Minas (111) destacam-se em maior número de equipamentos. A Microrregião de Araxá abrange a maior concentração de pivôs, 694, com 40.728,94 hectares irrigados. Na Bacia do Rio Paranaíba concentra-se 85,75% dos pivôs.Palavras-chave: sensoriamento remoto, sistema de irrigação, recursos hídricos. SCENARIO OF THE AREA IRRIGATED BY CENTRAL PIVOT IN THE TRIÂNGULOMINEIRO, IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL ABSTRACT: Irrigated agriculture in Brazil has grown over 40% in the last 20 years, representing an area of 4.4 million ha, with the Southeast region representing 47% of this total. The pivot irrigation method is the fastest growing, with the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Bahia and São Paulo concentrating around 80% of the area occupied by technology. In this scenario, updating the information becomes fundamental because it will create knowledge bases that will help establish guidelines for the adoption and planning of public policies that will contribute to the strategic use of water resources. It was realized photointerpretation in scale of 1: 1000, in satellite images of the platform Google EarthTM Pro, for identification of the equipment and obtaining of its area of occupation. With the data collected, analyzes were performed according to the municipalities, microregions and river basins. Currently, an irrigated area of 134,741.11 hectares and 2,301 central pivots is estimated. The municipalities of Rio Paranaíba (302), Perdizes (164), Santa Juliana (135), Uberaba (120) and Patos de Minas (111) stand out in more equipment. The Araxá Microregion encompasses the highest concentration of pivots, 694, with 40,728.94 irrigated hectares. In the Paranaíba River Basin, 85.75% of the pivots are concentrated.Keywords: remote sensing, irrigation system, water resources.

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