scholarly journals An evaluation of intestinal parasites in edible frogs (Hoplobatracus spp) sold for consumption in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
G.S.N. Kia ◽  
F.Y. Tijjani ◽  
R.G. Otolorin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sedimentation Technique

To determine the presence of eggs, oocysts and larvae of intestinal parasites in edible frogs (Hoplobatrachus species) sold for human consumption in Hanwa Zaria, Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) samples of edible frogs (n = 225) were collected from the frog market (FM) at Hanwa, Zaria. The samples were analysed for parasites eggs, oocysts and larvae using zinc sulphate-sucrose floatation method of specific gravity 1.21, sedimentation tests followed by microscopy. Parasitic eggs, larvae, and oocyst were found in 54.7% of the total gastrointestinal tract samples using floatation technique while, eggs were found in 40 (17.8%) of the samples using sedimentation technique. The overall prevalence of the parasitic oocyst, eggs or larva using the simple floatation and sedimentation techniques techniques in the examination of the frog was 63.1% (142/225). The presence of parasites in both the male and female frogs were 92 (75.4%) and 50 (48.5%), respectively, there was statistically significant association between gender and parasite prevalence, P = 0.0001. There was no significant association between original location of frogs and prevalence of parasites, but there was statistically significant association between gender and parasite prevalence, p = 0.525. Coccidia oocysts mean counts were highest (8.11 ± 0.423). People should be educated on how to prevent possible zoonotic transmission to humans during capture, slaughter, processing and/or consumption of raw or improperly cooked frogs.Keywords: Frog, Hoplobatrachus spp, eggs, oocysts, larvae, Zaria

Parasitic contamination of some fruits and vegetables from major markets in Ede Town, Osun State, south-west Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
L.T. Okunlola
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Fasciolopsis Buski

This study determined the prevalence of parasites on some common fruits and vegetables from major markets in Ede Town, Osun State, Nigeria. A total of two hundred and forty six (246) samples of fruits and vegetables were examined by sedimentation technique after washing using normal saline. The overall parasite prevalence was 37.4%. The highest rate of parasitic contamination (46.7%) was recorded in pineapples (Anana comosus) while oranges (Citrus sinensis) were the least contaminated (16.7%). For vegetables, African spinach (Spinacea oleracea) was the most contaminated (77.8%) while the least contaminated (2.2%) was celosia leaf (Celosia argentea). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most (21.7%) frequent parasitic contaminants on fruits and vegetables followed by Balantidium coli (19.6%) and then Hookworm (13.0%). Entamoeba histolytica and Strongyloides stercoralis had the same percentage of occurrence(12.0%) while Fasciolopsis buski (2.2%) was the least parasite found. The highest number of parasites was found in Timi Market with 46.2% fruits and 66.7% vegetables contaminated. Since eating raw fruits and vegetables is a potential source of transmission of intestinal parasites in the study area, it is important that consumers are educated on the need to always ensure proper washing of their fruits and vegetables. Keywords: Fruits; vegetables; parasitic contamination; Ascaris lumbricoides; Ede Markets

scholarly journals Diagnosis of bovine gastrointestinal parasites: comparison of different techniques and different solutions 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
FOLUKE Adedayo AKANDE ◽  
ALOHUTADE MAUTIN PHILIP
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Moniezia Expansa

Abstract OBJECTIVES : Cattle are important livestock species in Nigeria. But disease agents, especially gastrointestinal (GI) parasites, hinder their productivity. Non availability of rapid and affordable tools for GI parasite diagnosis poses problem to practitioners thus, the use of rapid, highly sensitive diagnostic techniques is required. One hundred faecal samples from cattle were analyzed through Simple Faecal Flotation (SFF), Modified Centrifugal Faecal Flotation (MCFF) and Mini-FLOTAC ® techniques (MFT) using Sodium Chloride, Brine, Sugar, Salt/Sugar and Zinc Sulphate at specific gravity of 1.2, 1.23, 1.25, 1.3 and 1.3 respectively as Flotation Solutions (FS). RESULTS : 100% GI parasite prevalence of was recorded with the following distribution: Strongyle (99%), Strongyloides spp (97%), Neoascaris vitulorum (78%), Trichostrongylus (56%), Nematodirus (46%), Capillaria spp (14%) and Trichuris spp (6%), Moniezia benedini (24%), Moniezia expansa (16%) , Taenia-like egg (3%), Schistosoma eggs (3%) and Eimeria oocyst (100%). Using Salt/Sugar the sensitivity of the techniques was 61.99%, 58.49% and 54.24%. for MFT, SFF and MCFF respectively. Considering the sensitivity of Salt/Sugar FS with availability and affordability its use as a routine FS is advocated. The ease and rapid use of Mini-FLOTAC in low economy country in addition to safety of diagnostic staff and the possibility of re-usage.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Dipetalonema gracile in a wild population of woolly monkey Lagothrix poeppiigii in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
David Fernandez Conga ◽  
Pedro Mayor ◽  
Adriano Penha Furtado ◽  
Elane Guerreiro Giese ◽  
Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
New Host ◽  
Woolly Monkey ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Dipetalonema gracile (Rudolphi, 1809) (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) is one of six species of cavities filarial parasites of Neotropical non-human primates. The present study recorded the occurrence of D. gracile, provides morphological and morphometric data and extends the geographical distribution. Adult filariae were obtained from the thoracic and abdominal cavities of 38 specimens of woolly monkey, which were used for local human consumption, in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon. Male and female filarids were processed and analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Details of the cephalic papillae, post-cloacal bands and papillae, vulva, phasmid position and lateral appendages are showed by scanning electron microscopy and is recorded the occurrencce of Lagothrix poeppigii monkey as a new host of this filaria in the Yavari-Mirin river basin, Peruvian Amazon.

scholarly journals Domiciliary Cockroaches as Carriers of Human Intestinal Parasites in Lagos Metropolis, Southwest Nigeria: Implications for Public Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedotun A Adenusi ◽  
Mary I Akinyemi ◽  
Dele Akinsanya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Background: Domiciliary cockroaches are obnoxious pests of significant medical importance. We investigated the prevalence of human intestinal parasites in cockroaches and its attendant public health importance. Methods: Overall, 749 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana, 509, Blattella germanica, 240) caught by trapping from 120 households comprising 3 different housing types in Somolu, Lagos metropolis, southwest Nigeria, in 2015 were screened for human intestinal parasites using standard parasitological techniques. Results: The prevalence of human intestinal parasites in cockroaches was 96.4%. There was no statistically signifi­cant difference (P> 0.05) in parasite prevalences between P. americana (95.7%) and B. germanica (97.9%). Parasite species identified and their prevalence were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (44.1%), E. coli (37.8%), Gi­ardia lamblia (18.7%), Cryptosporidium sp. (13.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (61.3%), Trichuris trichiura (55.8%), hookworms (11.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (11.7%), Taenia/Echinococcus spp. (10.5%), Enterobius vermicularis (17.2%) and Hymenolepis nana (11.6%). Parasite prevalence and burdens varied with housing type; the prevalence was significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) in cockroaches from low-cost bungalow, LCB (100%) and low-cost, 2-storey, LC2-S (100%) houses than in medium-cost flats, MCF (81.3%). Parasite burdens were also significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) in cockroaches from LCB or LC2-S than in cockroaches from MCF. Parasite preva­lences between cockroach gut and body surfaces were not statistically significant (P> 0.05) but mean parasite bur­dens in gut were significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) than on body surfaces. Conclusion: Cockroaches types carry transmissive stages of human intestinal parasites and may act as reservoirs and potential mechanical vectors for disease transmission.

660. Properties and composition of colostrum from Egyptian buffaloes and cows

1957 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. El Negoumy
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
The Third ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Milk Cows

The properties and composition of buffaloes' colostrum have been compared with those of cows' colostrum. The most significant differences found between the two may be summarized as follows:(1) Buffaloes' colostrum was richer in total solids, lactose, total N, globulin N and proteose-peptone N than cows' colostrum.(2) Buffaloes' colostrum had a much wider range of fat content than cows' colostrum. A distinct difference between the two colostrums lay in the fact that while buffaloes' colostrum was definitely poorer in fat content than normal buffaloes' milk, cows' colostrum was richer in fat content than is normal cows' milk.Changes in buffaloes' mammary secretion during the transition period from colostrum to milk.The following is a summary of the most significant trends in the properties and composition of buffaloes' mammary secretion during the transition period:(1) The specific gravity, acidity and chlorine decreased until they reached a normal value at the fifth milking. This compares well with the trends reported in the literature for cows' mammary secretion during the transition period.(2) The pH increased gradually until it reached its normal level before the fifth milking.(3) The highest level of total solids occurred at the first and second milking, and dropped sharply at the third milking to the level normally found in buffaloes' milk.(4) Changes in the lactose content from the second milking onwards were very slight. This contrasts with the known trend during the transition period in cows, when a gradual increase from a low level at the first milking to higher levels at the following milkings is noticeable.(5) The total N, globulin N, albumin N and proteose-peptone N decreased from relatively high levels at the first and second milkings to lower levels at later milkings, and thus closely followed the trend shown by the total solids.Buffaloes' mammary secretion may be considered comparable in its composition to normal buffaloes' milk and suitable for human consumption from 5 to 7 days after parturition.

Efficiency of the salt flotation technique in the recovery of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs from the soil

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. Ajala ◽  
S.O. Asaolu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Zinc Sulphate Solution

AbstractThe efficacy of the salt flotation technique using saturated solutions of sodium nitrate (specific gravity 1.30) and zinc sulphate (specific gravity 1.16) for separating Ascaris lumbricoides eggs from clay, loamy and sandy soils has been investigated. Ten samples of each of the egg concentrations of 100, 500, 2500, 5000 and 10,000 eggs/25 g of soil were used for each soil type. Using T-test and ANOVA, the number of eggs recovered from sand was significantly higher than from loam and the number from loam significantly higher than from clay. With sodium nitrate, the maximum egg recovery rate was 25.04% from sandy soil at a concentration of 500 eggs/25 g soil while with zinc sulphate it was 13.88% also from sandy soil and concentration of 500 eggs/25 g soil. While the number of eggs recovered increased with soil egg concentration, the percentage of eggs recovered is inversely proportional to egg concentration. The number of eggs recovered with sodium nitrate was significantly higher than with zinc sulphate solution in the three soil types.

scholarly journals Influence of specific gravity and food on movement of granules in the gastrointestinal tract of rats.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki MORI ◽  
Yoshimi SHIRAI ◽  
Yuko UEZONO ◽  
Terutaka TAKAHASHI ◽  
Yasuhiko NAKAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Specific Gravity

scholarly journals Adapted Bailenger method improves the rate of Ascaris suum eggs recovery from liquid pig manure compost

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Facco de Sá ◽  
Ricardo Aymay Gonçalves ◽  
Cristiana Marder ◽  
Matheus Dellamea Baldissera ◽  
Camila Belmonte de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Recovery Methods

ABSTRACT: Liquid pig manure (LPM) is widely used as a compost fertilizer for vegetable crops destined for human consumption. However, these wastes may contain parasites eggs, such as the nematode Ascaris suum, that pose serious health risks to humans. We attempted to determine the most appropriate technique for recovering A. suum eggs from LPM compost. Samples were collected from two waste sources during composting, including 23 samples containing LPM, sawdust, and wood shavings, and 14 samples of LPM alone-both in triplicate. Samples were analyzed using several different recovery methods. Recovery of eggs by the modified Bailenger method with adaptations was significantly more effective and recovered 57% more eggs than by the modified Bailenger method alone. Willis-Mollay method, modified Faust method, and the simple sedimentation technique only recovered 4.4%, 13.9%, and 26% of eggs, respectively, compared with the modified Bailenger method with adaptations, indicating that the adjustments made to the Bailenger method were key to improving the recovery of A. suum eggs from compost and LPM.

Specific gravity of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Harnnoi ◽  
A. Wijit ◽  
N. Morakote ◽  
V. Pipitgool ◽  
W. Maleewong
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Sodium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Human Stool

AbstractThe specific gravity of the eggs of the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini was determined using a sucrose gradient centrifugation and found to range from 1.2713 to 1.3043. The peak egg count was located at the sucrose fraction with a specific gravity of 1.2814. An attempt to float eggs in saturated sodium nitrate solution, sp.gr. 1.4, failed. Examination of human stool specimens for O. viverrini eggs by simple flotation in saturated sodium nitrate solution and the formol-ether sedimentation technique revealed that the flotation technique was not as efficient as the sedimentation technique. It was suggested that the flotation techniques were inappropriate for the detection of O. viverrini eggs in faeces or contaminated soil.

The occurrence of zoonotic parasites in rural dog populations from northern Portugal

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Cardoso ◽  
I.M.H. Costa ◽  
C. Figueiredo ◽  
A. Castro ◽  
M.A.P. Conceição
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

AbstractA survey of intestinal parasites in dogs was carried out in a rural region around Cantanhede, in northern Portugal, where 301 dog faecal samples were collected from small-ruminant farms. Saturated salt flotation and formol–ether sedimentation techniques were used. An enquiry was conducted in 234 farms and a risk factor evaluation for zoonotic helminths was determined among the 195 farmers who owned dogs. The overall parasite prevalence in faecal samples of dogs was 58.8%, with specific prevalences for Ancylostomidae being 40.9% followed by species of Trichuris (29.9%), Toxocara (8%), Isospora (4%), Capillaria (0.7%) and Spirometra (0.3%). Taeniidae eggs were present in five samples (1.7%) which were analysed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and revealed to be from Taenia sp., and not Echinococcusgranulosus. This rural region has a traditional small-farm system, in which farm products are mainly for in-house consumption and home slaughtering is a current practice (57%). Analysis showed home slaughtering to be a statistically significant risk factor for the presence of Ancylostomidae (P= 0.007) and Toxocara sp. (P= 0.049). Owning cattle was found to be a significant risk factor for Taenia sp. (P= 0.031).

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