scholarly journals The bioavailability of cytarabine in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology through iontophoresis and rectal delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
Shelby L. Mancini ◽  
Peter J. Early ◽  
Bethany O. Pastina ◽  
Natasha J. Olby ◽  
Christopher L. Mariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rectal Administration ◽  
Sparse Sampling ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Transdermal Iontophoresis ◽  
Rectal Delivery ◽  
Alternative Routes

Background: Cytarabine (CA) is used to treat dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) by subcutaneous or intravenous administration. Aim: The objective was to investigate transdermal iontophoresis and rectal administration as alternative routes of CA delivery. Methods: Two client-owned dogs with MUE were studied. The ActivaPatch® IONTOGOTM 12.0 iontophoresis drug delivery system delivered 200 mg/m2 CA transdermally. Blood samples were collected by sparse sampling technique after initiation of the device. At another visit, 100 mg/m2 CA was administered rectally. Blood samples were collected by sparse sampling technique after administration. Plasma CA concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Results: The concentration of plasma CA after transdermal and rectal administration was below the limits of quantification (0.1 μg/ml) in all samples suggesting inadequate bioavailability with transdermal and rectal administration. Conclusion: Transdermal and rectal CA administration are not reasonable alternative routes of delivery.

A comparison of the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of ivermectin after spring and autumn treatments against Cyathostominae in horses

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sokół ◽  
M. Raś-Noryńska ◽  
M. Michalczyk ◽  
A. Jasiecka ◽  
H. Ziółkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Drug Absorption ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Single Bolus

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of ivermectin against Cyathostominae infections and to describe the drug’s pharmacokinetic parameters during two seasonal deworming treatments in horses. The study was performed on warm-blooded mares aged 3-12 years weighing 450-550 kg. A single bolus of an oral paste formulation of ivermectin was administered at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg BW in spring and autumn. Fecal samples were tested before treatment and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75 days after treatment. Ivermectin concentrations in blood samples collected before treatment, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after treatment, and 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 75 days after drug administration were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Drug absorption was significantly (p<0.05) slower (tmax: 21.89±11.43 h) in autumn than in spring (tmax: 9.78±8.97 h). Maximum concentrations (Cmax) of ivermectin in the blood plasma of individual horses (8.40-43.08 ng/ml) were observed 2-24 h after drug administration during the spring treatment and 2-36 h (6.43-24.86 ng/ml) after administration during the autumn treatment. Significantly higher (p<0.05) ivermectin concentrations were found during the first 4 hours after administration in spring in comparison with those determined after the autumn treatment. The administration of the recommended dose of ivermectin resulted in 100% elimination of parasitic eggs from feces in spring and autumn treatment.

Rectal administration of nanosystems: from drug delivery to diagnostics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 128-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Melo ◽  
Rute Nunes ◽  
Bruno Sarmento ◽  
José das Neves
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Rectal Administration

scholarly journals Controllable and re‐usable patch for transdermal iontophoresis drug delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 739-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Talbi ◽  
E. Campo ◽  
D. Brulin ◽  
J.Y. Fourniols
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Iontophoresis

Geotechincal Assessment for Mitigation of a High-Pressure Pipeline Across Active Landslides: Design of a Directional Bore in Southern California

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Hitchcock ◽  
Richard W. Gailing ◽  
Scott C. Lindvall
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
Active Portion ◽  
Pressure Pipeline ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
High Pressure Pipeline ◽  
Alternative Routes

Landslides are often a hazard to high-pressure gas transmission pipelines operating in hilly and mountainous terrain. Typical mitigation options include pipeline rerouting or removing the landslide from the pipeline, if possible. When rerouting or hazard removal is not a viable option due to terrain conditions or the size of the landslide loading the pipeline, directional bores can be used to place the pipeline beneath the active portion of the slope failure. As part of our study of the geotechnical viability of mitigation options for a pipeline impacted by coastal landslides, rerouting and landslide mitigation alternatives were fully investigated. Geologic interpretation of high-resolution, publicly available IfSAR and privately-flown LiDAR data were used to evaluate alternative routes around active and potentially active landslides. Geotechnical borings through the landslides ultimately provided sufficient information supporting directional drilling beneath the active landslides as the most efficient alternative, returning the pipeline to full service.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan Keluarga Tentang Diit Hipertensi Dengan Kepatuhan Pemberian Diit Hipertensi Pada Lansia

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Puguh Santoso ◽  
Nadhirotul Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Support System ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Support

Hypertension is persistent blood pressure where its systolic pressureabove 140 mmhg and the diastolic is 90 mmhg. Several risk factors cause highpressure blood is getting older and the history of high pressure in family. Familyis the main support system for old person in restraining their health. One problemof managing hypertension is family pursuance in conducting hypertension diet forold person. Therefore, this study is aimed to analyze correlation between familyknowledge on hypertension diet toward pursuance of giving hypertension diet forold person.Design of this study is descriptive analytic study by using cross sectionalapproach. Population of this study is family with hypertension old person in Rt 09Rw 02 Pojok, Kediri. The number of population is 21 respondents; sampling technique used here is Purposive sampling that it is obtained 20 respondentssample. Data collection used questionnaire. Data, then, is processed with editing,coding, scoring, tabulating and analyzed using Spearman Rank.From the result of study, it shows that rs calculation (0,54) ;rstable (0,45) H0 is rejected and Hi is accepted. It means there is correlation betweenfamily knowledge with hypertension diet with pursuance to give hypertension dietto the elder. Family pursuance in giving hypertension diet is 65%.; Keywords: Knowledge, Hypertension Diet.

scholarly journals First Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 From Cattle in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 163-165
Author(s):  
Hammad Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Subtype 1.1

The study was aimed to isolate BoHV-1 circulating in Lahore, Pakistan and its genetic characterization. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from different areas of district Lahore through convenient sampling technique. Out of 100 blood samples, 69 (69%, 95% CI: 58.86-77.66) samples have shown seropositivity against BoHV-1 through ELISA. For the isolation of BoHV-1, nasal swab samples were collected from 69 seropositive cattle and buffalo. Out of 69 nasal swab samples, only 6 samples have shown the visible cytopathic effect and confirmed through nested polymerase chain reaction by targeting glycoprotein B (gB). The phylogenetic analysis showed that local isolates showed similarity to subtype 1.1 of BoHV-1 and had 99-100% homology with Cooper strain. It was concluded that BoHV-1.1 is being circulating in Pakistan and further studies are needed which will help for clear understanding of virus characterization and development of effective local vaccine

scholarly journals THE INFORMATIVE VALUE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL AND GENETIC TESTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS WEST NILE FEVER

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Т.V. Zamarina ◽  
◽  
N.P. Khrapova ◽  
I.A. Barkova ◽  
E.V. Pimenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Monitoring Centre ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection

We used ELISA and PCR for laboratory verification of West Nile fever (MUC 4.2.3009-12). We analyzed serum and whole blood samples which had been sent to West Nile fever reference monitoring centre in 2018–2019. A total of 270 blood samples obtained from patients with presumed viral encephalitis of unknown etiology, acute respiratory viral infection, acute respiratory viral infection, meningitis, acute gastroenteritis were analyzed. Antibodies against WNV were detected in 193 (71,4 %) blood samples, while 146 samples were found to be capable of developing an immune response with viral RNA not being detected in them. Both WNV antibodies and viral RNA were detected in 47 (17,4 %) samples tested. WNV RNA was detected in only 14 (5,1 %) cases. Thus, laboratory confirmation of WNF was obtained in 76,6 % of cases (207 out of 270).

scholarly journals Bioinformatics-Based Identification of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Drug Prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jinqiang Cai ◽  
Mengjie Tang ◽  
QinJing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Cerna Network ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Background. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiovascular disease of unknown etiology with progressive aggravation. More and more studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in dilated cardiomyopathy formation and development. The mechanism of action of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks formed based on the principle that lncRNAs affect mRNAs’ expression level by competitively binding microRNAs (miRNAs) in dilated cardiomyopathy has rarely been reported. Objective. This study is aimed at constructing a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network by bioinformatics analysis methods, discovering, and validating potential biomarkers of DCM in the ceRNA network and determining possible therapeutic targets from them for drug prediction. Methods. A lncRNA dataset and a mRNA microarray dataset were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus Database (GEO). Gene expression was compared between blood samples from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and blood samples from normal subjects to identify differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed using bioinformatics tools, and functional and pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interactions were performed. The mRNAs in the network and the proteins they encode are then used as targets for predicting drugs. Besides, the expression of lncRNAs in the ceRNA network was validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments in vitro. Results. The differentially expressed lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network in dilated cardiomyopathy was successfully established. Two differentially overexpressed key lncRNAs were found from the network: AC093817 and AC091062, and qRT-PCR experiments further validated the overexpression of AC093817 and AC091062. The mRNAs in the network and the proteins encoded by the mRNAs were used for drug prediction to get related drugs. Conclusion. This study supports a possible mechanism and drug development of dilated cardiomyopathy, AC093817 and AC091062 being potential biomarkers of dilated cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals Nanomedicine and Immunotherapy for Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Navas ◽  
N. Doreswamy ◽  
P. J. Joseph Francis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Nanomedicine ◽  
Routes Of Drug Administration ◽  
Alternative Routes

Nanomedicine contributes to cancer therapeutics in several ways, harnessing some of the remarkable properties of nanomaterials to target tumor cells with increasing specificity. Nano-scale therapeutic strategies enable the simultaneous transport of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs across physical and physiological barriers like the blood-brain barrier. Alternative routes of drug administration, such as the intranasal route, have become viable, with more promising therapies for highly lethal tumors like glioblastomas. Cancer nanomedicine allows increased solubility and bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs, reducing their toxicity. Multi-drug delivery systems such as dendrimers, noble metal nanoparticle drug delivery systems, nanoparticle-based theranostics, and nano-biomarkers may well bring about a sea change in cancer therapeutics. This review presents an overview of the scope of cancer nanomedicine, including immunotherapy for cancer.

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