scholarly journals Investigation of the antidepressant effects of Shu-Gan-Jie- Yu granule and its mechanism of action

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1927-1931
Author(s):  
Li-shu Gao ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
En-ping Xu ◽  
Jian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Mobility Performance ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: To study the antidepressant effects of Shu-Gan-Jie-Yu granule (SJG) and its possible mechanisms in mice.Methods: The anti-depressive effects of SJG were evaluated by three techniques, viz, forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT). The levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE), DA, and 5-HT in the brains of depressive mice were determined using commercially available kits. In addition, the effects of SJG on the BDNF expression in the mice brain were determined by western blot.Results: Administration of SJG significantly reduced the duration time of immobility in the experiments of FST and TST. In addition, relative to the control mice, SJG (800 mg/kg) administration significantly affected the mobility performance (p < 0.05) of mice. The levels of the three  neurotransmitters (DA, NE and 5-HT) and BDNF in the brains of depressive mice were increased by treatment with SJG at the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The results suggested that SJG exerted a significant antidepressant effect, which could be attributed to increases in the levels of neurotransmitters, and the up-regulation of BDNF expression.Conclusion: The results suggested that SJG exerted a significant antidepressant effect, most probably via regulation of related neurotransmitters (including DA, NE, and 5-HT) and BDNF in the brain. Keywords: Shu-Gan-Jie-Yu granule, Antidepressant, dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor

scholarly journals Therapeutic Duration and Extent Affect the Effect of Moxibustion on Depression-Like Behaviour in Rats via Regulating the Brain Tryptophan Transport and Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Lan Sang ◽  
Xing Xia ◽  
Ruirui Zhao ◽  
Mingyue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Depression Effect ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Complex Influence

Moxibustion has been widely accepted as an alternative therapy for major depressive disease (MDD). However, the efficacy of moxibustion treatment on MDD is highly variable because of its irregular operation. This study was designed to investigate how therapeutic duration and extent influence the anti-depression effect of moxibustion and the underlying mechanism involved. Rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior were treated by moxibustion treatment. The anti-depression effect was determined by forced swimming test and open field test. Tryptophan (Trp) transport and its metabolism to serotonin (5-HT) and kynurenine (Kyn) were evaluated to explore the anti-depression mechanism. The results showed that moxibustion treatment could alleviate the depression-like behavior in rats. Trp transport and 5-HT generation were significantly increased, and the Trp-Kyn pathway was moderately inhibited by moxibustion. Prolonged therapy could be beneficial to the anti-depression effect by promoting the brain uptake of Trp and shifting the Trp metabolism to 5-HT. An enhanced therapeutic extent could increase 5-HT generation. In conclusion, this study determined that the anti-depression effect of moxibustion involves improved Trp transport and metabolism. The therapeutic duration benefits antidepressant effects, but the complex influence of the therapeutic extent on moxibustion efficacy requires further studies.

scholarly journals ANTI-DEPRESSANT EFFECT OF CEFTRIAXONE IN FORCED SWIMMING TEST AND IN TAIL SUSPENSION TEST IN MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajoy Borah ◽  
Binita Singha ◽  
Swopna Phukan
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Suspension Test

Objective: Depression is a major psychiatric disorder affecting nearly 350 million people worldwide and imposes a substantial health burden on the society. Ceftriaxone has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in animals. It has also undergone trials as a treatment option for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of ceftriaxone in mice.Methods: Ceftriaxone was administered at three different doses (0.130, 0.195 and 0.260g/kg) to Swiss albino mice of either sex by intra peritoneal (i. p.) route. The period of immobility in control and drug-treated mice were recorded in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The antidepressant effect of ceftriaxone indicated by the decrease in duration of immobility was compared to that of fluoxetine (0.020 g/kg, i. p.).Results: Ceftriaxone decreased the duration of immobility in mice. It showed a significant dose-dependent antidepressant effect. The antidepressant effect of 0.260g/kg of ceftriaxone was comparable to that of fluoxetine in the TST but not in the FST.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate antidepressant activity of Ceftriaxone. The study shows that ceftriaxone has additional action on the central nervous system other than neuroprotection. Ceftriaxone therapy in cases of encephalomeningitis and in various cases of hemorrhages in the brain can, therefore, prevent the development of depression in future

scholarly journals Antidepressant-Like Activity of the Ethanolic Extract fromUncaria lanosaWallich var.appendiculataRidsd in the Forced Swimming Test and in the Tail Suspension Test in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieh-Ching Hsu ◽  
Yu-Jen Ko ◽  
Hao-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Ching-Wen Chang ◽  
Yu-Chin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
Suspension Test

This study investigated the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract ofU. lanosaWallich var.appendiculataRidsd (ULEtOH) for two-weeks administrations by using FST and TST on mice. In order to understand the probable mechanism of antidepressant-like activity of ULEtOHin FST and TST, the researchers measured the levels of monoamines and monoamine oxidase activities in mice brain, and combined the antidepressant drugs (fluoxetine, imipramine, maprotiline, clorgyline, bupropion and ketanserin). Lastly, the researchers analyzed the content of RHY in the ULEtOH. The results showed that ULEtOHexhibited antidepressant-like activity in FST and TST in mice. ULEtOHincreased the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, the levels of NE and MHPG in cortex and hippocampus, the level of NE in striatum, and the level of DOPAC in striatum. Two-week injection of IMI, CLO, FLU and KET enhanced the antidepressant-like activity of ULEtOH. ULEtOHinhibited the activity of MAO-A. The amount of RHY in ULEtOHwas 17.12 mg/g extract. Our findings support the view that ULEtOHexerts antidepressant-like activity. The antidepressant-like mechanism of ULEtOHmay be related to the increase in monoamines levels in the hippocampus, cortex, striatum, and hypothalamus of mice.

scholarly journals Identifying the active components of Baihe–Zhimu decoction that ameliorate depressive disease by an effective integrated strategy: a systemic pharmacokinetics study combined with classical depression model tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhong ◽  
Xiaoting Tian ◽  
Shuoji Chen ◽  
Mingcang Chen ◽  
Ziqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Hepatic Disposition ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Baihe–Zhimu decoction (BZD) has antidepressant effects. However, the complex composition and lack of clear evaluation standards for BZD make it less likely to be understood and accepted than evidence-based active natural compounds. Methods In this study, an effective method for the identification of antidepressant components was demonstrated and applied to BZD. The first step was to evaluate the efficacy of BZD by the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST), followed by successive quantitative analyses of the absorbed constituents at different stages, such as before hepatic disposition, liver distribution, after hepatic disposition and brain distribution after the oral administration of BZD. Finally, the compounds detected in the brain were confirmed by activity testing. Results Our investigation observed that timosaponin BII and timosaponin BIII were accurately determined in the brain after oral administration of BZD, and they were further confirmed to reduce the immobility time in the FST and TST. As described above, timosaponin BII and timosaponin BIII were used to scientifically and reasonably explain the effective chemical basis of the effect of BZD on depression. Conclusions This research affords an effective method to discover lead molecules for antidepressants from traditional Chinese medicine.

scholarly journals Antihypernociceptive, Anxiolytic, and Antidepressant Properties of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Dissotis thollonii Cogn. (Melastomataceae) in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Stephanie Flore Djuichou Nguemnang ◽  
Eric Gonzal Tsafack ◽  
Marius Mbiantcha ◽  
Gilbert Ateufack ◽  
William Yousseu Nana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Diabetic neuropathy, which affects 7 to 9% of the world’s population and that is usually accompanied by anxiety and depression, is chronic pain that results from impaired function of the central or peripheral nervous system. This study aimed at evaluating the antihypernociceptive, antiallodynic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects of Dissotis thollonii extracts. Diabetic neuropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (200 mg/kg) in mice. The aqueous and ethanol extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) were administered orally. Hyperalgesia (thermal and chemical), allodynia (mechanical and thermal), anxiety (high plus labyrinth, light-dark box, and social interaction), and depression (open field test, suspension test tail, and forced swimming test) were evaluated, and then the levels of some cytokines and growth factors were determined. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Dissotis thollonii demonstrated significant antihypernociceptive (inhibition of hyperalgesia and allodynia), anxiolytic, and antidepressant activities in mice made diabetic by STZ. The extracts also significantly inhibited (p<0.001) the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the blood as well as the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IGF, and NGF in the sciatic nerve. This study shows that the extracts of Dissotis thollonii have antihypernociceptive and neuroprotective effects which could be linked to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors in the blood and the sciatic nerve.

scholarly journals Repeated Three-Hour Maternal Separation Induces Depression-Like Behavior and Affects the Expression of Hippocampal Plasticity-Related Proteins in C57BL/6N Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoyao Bian ◽  
Lili Yang ◽  
Zhongli Wang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
The Brain

Adverse early life experiences can negatively affect behaviors later in life. Maternal separation (MS) has been extensively investigated in animal models in the adult phase of MS. The study aimed to explore the mechanism by which MS negatively affects C57BL/6N mice, especially the effects caused by MS in the early phase. Early life adversity especially can alter plasticity functions. To determine whether adverse early life experiences induce changes in plasticity in the brain hippocampus, we established an MS paradigm. In this research, the mice were treated with mild (15 min, MS15) or prolonged (180 min, MS180) maternal separation from postnatal day 2 to postnatal day 21. The mice underwent a forced swimming test, a tail suspension test, and an open field test, respectively. Afterward, the mice were sacrificed on postnatal day 31 to determine the effects of MS on early life stages. Results implied that MS induces depression-like behavior and the effects may be mediated partly by interfering with the hippocampal GSK-3β-CREB signaling pathway and by reducing the levels of some plasticity-related proteins.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Effect of Dimeric Dipeptide GSB-106, an Original Low-Molecular-Weight Mimetic of BDNF

Acta Naturae ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Seredenin ◽  
T. A. Voronina ◽  
T. A. Gudasheva ◽  
T. L. Garibova ◽  
G. M. Molodavkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Wheel ◽  
Outbred Mice ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain

A large amount of clinical and experimental data suggest the involvement of neurotrophins, in particular the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in depression pathogenesis. However, the therapeutic use of BDNF is limited because of its instability in biological fluids, poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and the presence of side effects. A low-molecular-weight mimetic GSB-106, which is a substituted dimeric dipeptide bis(N-monosuccinyl-L-seryl-L-lysine)hexamethylenediamide, was designed and synthesized based on the BDNF fourth loop structure at the V.V. Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology (RAMS). GSB-106 was found to exhibit an antidepressant activity in various models of depressive-like state when administered intraperitoneally to outbred mice and rats. An effect for the substance, when administered daily for 4-5 days, was detected in the Porsolt forced swimming test (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) and in the tail suspension test in mice (1.0 and 1.5 mg/ kg). An effect for GSB-106 at doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg was observed after a single application in experiments on rats in the Nomura water wheel test. The obtained evidence supports the hypothesis on the involvement of BDNF in the pathogenesis of various depression conditions, thus opening prospects for searching for new original antidepressants.

scholarly journals Alpha-terpineol: evaluation and pharmacological screening as an antidepressant agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e191101119571
Author(s):  
Amanda Fonseca Costa Assunção ◽  
Nícolas Davidson Sérvulo Rodrigues ◽  
Andreia Viana da Costa Sampaio ◽  
Karolinny dos Santos Silva ◽  
Laryssa Roque da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Objective: To evaluate the possible antidepressant effects of alpha-terpineol in rodents. Material and Methods: Depression levels were analyzed by comparing the total immobility time presented by the animals of the experimental groups in the test session, using the Forced Swimming Test and the Tail Suspension Test. The parameters of locomotion (central, peripheral and total) and motor coordination were evaluated in the Open Field Test and in the Rota Rod Test, respectively. In the second stage, the involvement of the noradrenergic system in the antidepressant action of alpha-terpineol in Forced Swimming Test was investigated. Results and Discussion: After performing the experimental tests, it was observed that the animals that received alpha-terpineol had reduced immobility time in Forced Swimming Test and Tail Suspension Test, compared to the other groups. In the Open Field Test and Rota-rod, the mice showed, respectively, good exploratory activity and motor coordination during the tests. In addition, the study of the Noradrenergic System proved to be a promising mechanism used during its antidepressant action. Conclusion: In view of the results of the experimental tests, alpha-terpineol presented similar responses to those found in other monoterpenes investigated in the literature. Thus, it is shown as a promising antidepressant to be used clinically in humans, with less side effects and low production cost.

scholarly journals Antidepressant–like effects of fish, krill oils and Vit B12 against exposure to stress environment in mice models: current status and pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Mojtahed Zadeh-Ardabili ◽  
Sima Kianpour Rad ◽  
Soheila Kianpour Rad ◽  
Abolfazl Movafagh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain

AbstractOxidative stress has significant role in pathophysiology of any kind of depression through actions of free radicals, non-radical molecules, and unbalancing antioxidant systems in body. In the current study, antidepressant responses of fish oil (FO), Neptune krill oil (NKO), vitamin B12 (Vit B12), and also imipramine (IMP) as the reference were studied. Natural light was employed to induce stress in the animals followed by oral administration of the drugs for 14 days. The antidepressant effect was assessed by tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers were then measured in the brain tissue of the animals. The administration of FO and NKO could significantly reduce the immobility of the animals; while, increasing climbing and swimming time compared to the normal saline in CUS-control group in TST and FST, similarly to IMP but not with Vit B12. Vit B12 could not effect on SOD activity and H2O2 level, but, cause decrease of the malondialdihydric (MDA) level and CAT activity, as well as increased the GPx and GSH activities. The rest treatments led to decrease of MDA, H2O2 levels and CAT activity and increase of GPx, SOD, GSH activities.

scholarly journals mTOR Knockdown in the Infralimbic Cortex Evokes A Depressive-Like State in Mouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8671
Author(s):  
Emilio Garro-Martínez ◽  
Maria Neus Fullana ◽  
Eva Florensa-Zanuy ◽  
Julia Senserrich ◽  
Verónica Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Post Infusion ◽  
Swimming Test

Fast and sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine identified the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway as the main modulator of its antidepressive effects. Thus, mTOR signaling has become integral for the preclinical evaluation of novel compounds to treat depression. However, causality between mTOR and depression has yet to be determined. To address this, we knocked down mTOR expression in mice using an acute intracerebral infusion of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) in the infralimbic (IL) or prelimbic (PrL) cortices of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and evaluated depressive- and anxious-like behaviors. mTOR knockdown in IL, but not PrL, cortex produced a robust depressive-like phenotype in mice, as assessed in the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). This phenotype was associated with significant reductions of mTOR mRNA and protein levels 48 h post-infusion. In parallel, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was found bilaterally in both IL and PrL cortices along with a dysregulation of serotonin (5-HT) and glutamate (Glu) release in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Overall, our results demonstrate causality between mTOR expression in the IL cortex and depressive-like behaviors, but not in anxiety.

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